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  • ROCK SPEEDWELL Veronica fruticans (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 20cm. Attractive and distinctive perennial with stems that are woody and hairless at the base. Grows on rock ledges, at high altitudes in mountains. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and deep blue with a reddish centre; borne in open, few-flowered terminal clusters (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are flattened, elliptical and hairy capsules with a long projecting style. LEAVES are oval, unstalked and slightly toothed. STATUS-Rare and restricted to a few locations in the Scottish Highlands.
    131656.jpg
  • ROCK SPEEDWELL Veronica fruticans (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 20cm. Attractive and distinctive perennial with stems that are woody and hairless at the base. Grows on rock ledges, at high altitudes in mountains. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and deep blue with a reddish centre; borne in open, few-flowered terminal clusters (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are flattened, elliptical and hairy capsules with a long projecting style. LEAVES are oval, unstalked and slightly toothed. STATUS-Rare and restricted to a few locations in the Scottish Highlands.
    131655.jpg
  • Rock Cook Centrolabrus exoletus Length to 15cm<br />
Colourful wrasse with a relatively small mouth. Found on rocky coasts and around pier pilings. Adult is variably colourful, often with reddish-brown, blue and yellowish reticulations. Note the diagnostic dark band across base of tail. Widespread and locally common in S and W; almost absent from coast of E England.
    142570.jpg
  • ROCK SEA-LAVENDER Limonium binervosum (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Hairless perennial of coastal cliffs and rocks; occasionally on stabilised shingle beaches. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; borne in small, well spaced clusters on sprays that branch from below the middle (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow spoon-shaped with winged stalks. STATUS-Locally common on coasts.
    131485.jpg
  • ROCK SEDGE Carex rupestris (Cyperaceae) Height to 20cm<br />
Delicate, creeping and mat-forming perennial of dry mountain ledges on base-rich rocks. FLOWERS are brown and borne in slender, terminal spikes, male flowers above females (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are yellow and flask-shaped. LEAVES are wiry and curly. STATUS-Local and scarce, restricted to a few suitable sites in Scotland.
    120604.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    141233.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    143394.jpg
  • ROCK SEA-SPURREY Spergularia rupicola (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 20cm. Stickily hairy perennial, often with purplish stems. Found on cliffs and rocky places near the sea. Sometimes forms clumps with woody bases. FLOWERS are pink, 5-petalled (petals and sepals equal) and 8-10mm across (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, flattened and fleshy; borne in whorls. STATUS-Locally common in W.
    132149.jpg
  • ROCK SEA-SPURREY Spergularia rupicola (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 20cm. Stickily hairy perennial, often with purplish stems. Found on cliffs and rocky places near the sea. Sometimes forms clumps with woody bases. FLOWERS are pink, 5-petalled (petals and sepals equal) and 8-10mm across (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, flattened and fleshy; borne in whorls. STATUS-Locally common in W.
    131979.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    136110.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    136113.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    136112.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    136114.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    139166.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    139169.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    143393.jpg
  • Rock Pipit - Anthus petrosus
    161656.jpg
  • Rock Dove - Columba livia
    161655.jpg
  • Turtle Rock and the Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly
    155581.jpg
  • Rock Nuthatch - Sitta neumayer<br />
(Western Rock Nuthatch)
    154319.jpg
  • Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Length to 12cm<br />
Robust goby. Found in pools and under rocks on lower shore. Adult has relatively large head and tail. Typically body is marbled brown, buff and grey but some individuals can be very dark (especially in spring) leading to confusion with Black Goby. Pale, yellowish-orange outer margin to 1st dorsal fin is diagnostic. It also has more than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common in S and W; scarce elsewhere.
    142722.jpg
  • Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Length to 12cm<br />
Robust goby. Found in pools and under rocks on lower shore. Adult has relatively large head and tail. Typically body is marbled brown, buff and grey but some individuals can be very dark (especially in spring) leading to confusion with Black Goby. Pale, yellowish-orange outer margin to 1st dorsal fin is diagnostic. It also has more than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common in S and W; scarce elsewhere.
    141891.jpg
  • Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Length to 12cm<br />
Robust goby. Found in pools and under rocks on lower shore. Adult has relatively large head and tail. Typically body is marbled brown, buff and grey but some individuals can be very dark (especially in spring) leading to confusion with Black Goby. Pale, yellowish-orange outer margin to 1st dorsal fin is diagnostic. It also has more than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common in S and W; scarce elsewhere.
    141889.jpg
  • Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Length to 12cm<br />
Robust goby. Found in pools and under rocks on lower shore. Adult has relatively large head and tail. Typically body is marbled brown, buff and grey but some individuals can be very dark (especially in spring) leading to confusion with Black Goby. Pale, yellowish-orange outer margin to 1st dorsal fin is diagnostic. It also has more than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common in S and W; scarce elsewhere.
    141890.jpg
  • Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Length to 12cm<br />
Robust goby. Found in pools and under rocks on lower shore. Adult has relatively large head and tail. Typically body is marbled brown, buff and grey but some individuals can be very dark (especially in spring) leading to confusion with Black Goby. Pale, yellowish-orange outer margin to 1st dorsal fin is diagnostic. It also has more than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common in S and W; scarce elsewhere.
    141821.jpg
  • Rock Nuthatch - Sitta neumayer<br />
(Western Rock Nuthatch)
    154320.jpg
  • Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Length to 12cm<br />
Robust goby. Found in pools and under rocks on lower shore. Adult has relatively large head and tail. Typically body is marbled brown, buff and grey but some individuals can be very dark (especially in spring) leading to confusion with Black Goby. Pale, yellowish-orange outer margin to 1st dorsal fin is diagnostic. It also has more than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common in S and W; scarce elsewhere.
    142721.jpg
  • Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Length to 12cm<br />
Robust goby. Found in pools and under rocks on lower shore. Adult has relatively large head and tail. Typically body is marbled brown, buff and grey but some individuals can be very dark (especially in spring) leading to confusion with Black Goby. Pale, yellowish-orange outer margin to 1st dorsal fin is diagnostic. It also has more than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common in S and W; scarce elsewhere.
    142673.jpg
  • Rock Pipit - Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    156906.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    156535.jpg
  • Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus L 16-17cm. Bulky, dark pipit invariably found within sight of sea. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked dark grey-brown upperparts and rather grubby yellowish underparts, heavily streaked on breast and flanks. Throat is pale and note indistinct pale supercilium and eyering, and dark sub-moustachial stripe. Legs and bill are dark and outer tail feathers are grey. Voice Utters a single pseet call. Meadow Pipit-like song is delivered in flight; starts and ends on a cliff-side rocky outcrop. Status Locally common resident, found on rocky coasts and cliffs in summer; commonest in N and W. More widespread, but still coastal outside breeding season.
    156506.jpg
  • Classic coastal rock pool, Portland, Dorset
    155681.jpg
  • Classic coastal rock pool, Old Town Bay, St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, UK
    154392.jpg
  • SMALL-WHITE ORCHID Pseudorchis albida (Orchidaceae) Height to 30cm. Slender, upright perennial that grows in grassland and on rock ledges, in mountains and upland regions except in the far N. FLOWERS are 2-3mm across and greenish white; borne in cylindrical spikes (May-Jul). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are lanceolate at the base of the plant, becoming narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in Scotland; increasingly scarce, or absent, further S.
    131665.jpg
  • 'Sail Rock', Chatham Islands. Pacific Ocean off the coast of New Zealand
    157786.jpg
  • Rock Sea-spurrey - Spergularia rupicola (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 20cm. Stickily hairy perennial, often with purplish stems. Found on cliffs and rocky places near the sea. Sometimes forms clumps with woody bases. FLOWERS are pink, 5-petalled (petals and sepals equal) and 8-10mm across (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, flattened and fleshy; borne in whorls. STATUS-Locally common in W.
    155435.jpg
  • ROCK STRATUM
    134244.jpg
  • Setting a trap in a rock pool at Old Town Bay, St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, UK
    154390.jpg
  • Classic coastal rock pool, Old Town Bay, St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, UK
    154391.jpg
  • Rock Bunting - Emberiza cia
    145911.jpg
  • Black Goby Gobius niger Length to 16cm<br />
Similar proportions to Rock Goby, often with similar colouration too. Favours estuaries and sheltered coasts with muddy substrates; often in eelgrass beds. Adult is uniformly black in some individuals but typically marbled brown and grey-buff. 1st dorsal fin is typically pointed, rather than curved) and lacks a pale margin. Both dorsal fins usually show a dark spot at the front. Has fewer than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common, S and W only.
    142119.jpg
  • Rock Dove Feral Pigeon - Columba livia
    162315.jpg
  • Dawn waves break over a large rock in Old Town Bay, St Mary's. Isles of Scilly
    159692.jpg
  • Rock Pool - St Mary's, Isles of Scilly
    159165.jpg
  • Blue Rock Thrush - Monticola solitarius
    155386.jpg
  • Common Rock Thrush - Monticola saxatilis
    154141.jpg
  • Common Rock Thrush - Monticola saxatilis
    154142.jpg
  • Black Goby Gobius niger Length to 16cm<br />
Similar proportions to Rock Goby, often with similar colouration too. Favours estuaries and sheltered coasts with muddy substrates; often in eelgrass beds. Adult is uniformly black in some individuals but typically marbled brown and grey-buff. 1st dorsal fin is typically pointed, rather than curved) and lacks a pale margin. Both dorsal fins usually show a dark spot at the front. Has fewer than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common, S and W only.
    142720.jpg
  • Black Goby Gobius niger Length to 16cm<br />
Similar proportions to Rock Goby, often with similar colouration too. Favours estuaries and sheltered coasts with muddy substrates; often in eelgrass beds. Adult is uniformly black in some individuals but typically marbled brown and grey-buff. 1st dorsal fin is typically pointed, rather than curved) and lacks a pale margin. Both dorsal fins usually show a dark spot at the front. Has fewer than 50 scales along lateral line. Locally common, S and W only.
    142118.jpg
  • Topknot Zeugopterus punctatus Length to 20cm<br />
Distinctive fish. Unusually for flatfish it favours rocky coasts and is quite happy clinging onto vertical sides of rock faces. Adult lives with left side, and eyes, facing uppermost. Outline is round-oval with anal and dorsal fins almost meeting at head end, and continuous with tail. Upper surface is typically marbled reddish brown. Widespread and locally common, except on E coast.
    141527.jpg
  • Rock Samphire - Crithmum maritimum
    164415.jpg
  • Rock Samphire - Crithmum maritimum
    164407.jpg
  • Rock Samphire - Crithmum maritimum
    164406.jpg
  • Rock Sea-lavender - Limonium binervosum subpecies anglicum
    164391.jpg
  • Rock Sea-lavender - Limonium binervosum subpecies anglicum
    164390.jpg
  • Rock Sea-lavender - Limonium binervosum subpecies anglicum
    164375.jpg
  • Rock Dove - Columba livia
    160857.jpg
  • Rock Dove - Columba livia
    160866.jpg
  • Rock Dove - Columba livia
    160868.jpg
  • Rock Dove - Columba livia
    160867.jpg
  • Rock Dove - Columba livia
    160870.jpg
  • Bishop Rock Lighthouse and the western isles from St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, UK
    160398.jpg
  • Bass Rock
    160383.jpg
  • Rock Nuthatch - Sitta neumayer
    159321.jpg
  • Rock Nuthatch - Sitta neumayer
    158331.jpg
  • Pale Rock Sparrow - Carpospiza brachydactyla
    163520.jpg
  • Rock Dove - Columba livia
    160872.jpg
  • Rock Nuthatch - Sitta neumayer
    160080.jpg
  • Rock Nuthatch - Sitta neumayer
    158694.jpg
  • IVY-LEAVED TOADFLAX Cymbalaria muralis (Scrophulariaceae) Trailing. Hairless perennial with trailing, purplish stems. Grows on rocks and walls. FLOWERS are 10-12mm across and lilac with yellow and white at the centre, and a curved spur; borne on long stalks (Apr-Nov). FRUITS are capsules, borne on long stalks that become recurved with maturity, forcing the fruit into nooks and crannies. LEAVES are long-stalked, ivy-shaped, 5-lobed and borne on long stalks. STATUS-Originally a garden plant but now widely naturalised throughout much of the region, except N Scotland.
    133653.jpg
  • Hoary Rock-rose - Helianthemum oelandicum
    162561.jpg
  • Sunrise over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    156613.jpg
  • Sunrise over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    156614.jpg
  • Rock-samphire (Crithmum maritimum) at Hurst Spit, Hampshire
    153755.jpg
  • Sunset over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    145682.jpg
  • Sunset over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    145683.jpg
  • Sunset over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    145684.jpg
  • Sunset over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    145686.jpg
  • Sunset over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    145685.jpg
  • Sunset over the rocks on Porthselau Beach looking towards St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales
    145696.jpg
  • Sorbus lancastriensis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 5m<br />
A shrub or small tree. LEAVES Ovate, the margin with short, sharp teeth; 8-10 pairs of veins and leaves are downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers and fruits are borne on slightly downy stalks. Fruits are red, to 1.5cm long, with prominent lenticels when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Mainly confined to limestone rocks in NW England.
    134540.jpg
  • Sorbus lancastriensis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 5m<br />
A shrub or small tree. LEAVES Ovate, the margin with short, sharp teeth; 8-10 pairs of veins and leaves are downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers and fruits are borne on slightly downy stalks. Fruits are red, to 1.5cm long, with prominent lenticels when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Mainly confined to limestone rocks in NW England.
    132664.jpg
  • HOARY WHITLOWGRASS Draba incana (Brassicaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright, hairy biennial of upland limestone rocks and (rarely) on sand dunes in N. FLOWERS are 3-5mm across with 4 slightly notched white petals (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are cylindrical but twisted. LEAVES are lanceolate; untoothed ones in basal rosette plus toothed stem leaves. STATUS-Local, restricted to N Wales, Scotland and NW Ireland.
    136407.jpg
  • IVY-LEAVED TOADFLAX Cymbalaria muralis (Scrophulariaceae) Trailing. Hairless perennial with trailing, purplish stems. Grows on rocks and walls. FLOWERS are 10-12mm across and lilac with yellow and white at the centre, and a curved spur; borne on long stalks (Apr-Nov). FRUITS are capsules, borne on long stalks that become recurved with maturity, forcing the fruit into nooks and crannies. LEAVES are long-stalked, ivy-shaped, 5-lobed and borne on long stalks. STATUS-Originally a garden plant but now widely naturalised throughout much of the region, except N Scotland.
    133652.jpg
  • IVY-LEAVED TOADFLAX Cymbalaria muralis (Scrophulariaceae) Trailing. Hairless perennial with trailing, purplish stems. Grows on rocks and walls. FLOWERS are 10-12mm across and lilac with yellow and white at the centre, and a curved spur; borne on long stalks (Apr-Nov). FRUITS are capsules, borne on long stalks that become recurved with maturity, forcing the fruit into nooks and crannies. LEAVES are long-stalked, ivy-shaped, 5-lobed and borne on long stalks. STATUS-Originally a garden plant but now widely naturalised throughout much of the region, except N Scotland.
    132214.jpg
  • MOSSY SAXIFRAGE Saxifraga hypnoides (Saxifragaceae) Height to 20cm. Mat-forming, upland perennial of rocks and damp, bare ground. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across with 5 white petals; borne in clusters (May-Jul). FRUITS are dry capsules. LEAVES are pointed and lobed; non-flowering shoots are procumbent and leafy bulbils form in the leaf axils; the overall effect is of a moss-like plant. STATUS-Locally common in N England and Scotland; generally scarce elsewhere.
    131767.jpg
  • TUFTED SAXIFRAGE Saxifraga cespitosa (Height to 10cm) is a tufted, cushion-forming perennial that grows on mountain rocks in Snowdonia. The leaves are divided into finger-like lobes and the white flowers are up to 1cm across (Jun-Jul). Tufted Saxifrage also occurs, extremely rarely, in Scotland.
    131754.jpg
  • ALPINE SPEEDWELL Veronica alpina (Scrophulariaceae) Prostrate. Perennial with wiry and downy, creeping stems that root at the nodes, and short, upright flowering stems. Grows in areas of short grass and rocks in mountains. FLOWERS are 7-8mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and blue; borne on short stalks, in crowded spikes (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are flattened, oval and slightly notched capsules. LEAVES are oval and blunt-toothed. STATUS-Scarce, restricted to Scottish Highlands.
    131720.jpg
  • MOUNTAIN AVENS Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae) Height to 6cm. Creeping, perennial undershrub. Found on basic rocks, in mountains and, locally, at to sea level. FLOWERS are 3-4cm across with 8 or more white petals and a mass of yellow stamens (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are dry and 1-seeded, with feathery plumes. LEAVES are dark green, oblong and toothed. STATUS-Locally common in Scotland and W Ireland.
    131647.jpg
  • MOUNTAIN AVENS Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae) Height to 6cm. Creeping, perennial undershrub. Found on basic rocks, in mountains and, locally, at to sea level. FLOWERS are 3-4cm across with 8 or more white petals and a mass of yellow stamens (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are dry and 1-seeded, with feathery plumes. LEAVES are dark green, oblong and toothed. STATUS-Locally common in Scotland and W Ireland.
    131634.jpg
  • SEA RUSH Juncus maritimus (Juncaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Upright, stiff perennial that forms clumps and grows in the drier upper reaches of saltmarshes, and among coastal rocks. FLOWERS are pale yellow and borne in loose clusters below a sharp-pointed bract (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are brown, bluntly pointed equal length to sepals. LEAVES are sharply pointed. STATUS-Locally common on coasts.
    131590.jpg
  • ROUND-HEADED LEEK Allium sphaerocephalon. Height to 1m. An impressive plant, whose spherical heads of reddish-pink flowers are carried on a long, slender stem (June-July). Restricted to limestone rocks in the Avon Gorge; also found on dunes on Jersey.
    131583.jpg
  • NORTHERN ROCK-CRESS Arabis petraea (Brassicaceae) Height to 30cm. Variable perennial of rocky places in mountains. FLOWERS are 5-7mm across with 4 whitish or lilac petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are curved and 4cm long. LEAVES appear as a basal rosette of pinnately lobed, stalked leaves plus narrow, toothed stem leaves. STATUS-Local, restricted to mountains from N Wales northwards; commonest in Scotland.
    130395.jpg
  • HOARY WHITLOWGRASS Draba incana (Brassicaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright, hairy biennial of upland limestone rocks and (rarely) on sand dunes in N. FLOWERS are 3-5mm across with 4 slightly notched white petals (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are cylindrical but twisted. LEAVES are lanceolate; untoothed ones in basal rosette plus toothed stem leaves. STATUS-Local, restricted to N Wales, Scotland and NW Ireland.
    130208.jpg
  • WALL WHITLOWGRASS Draba muralis (Brassicaceae) Height to 30cm. Hairy annual, somewhat similar to Hoary Whitlowgrass. Found on limestone rocks and walls. FLOWERS are 3-5mm across with 4 slightly notched petals; in terminal clusters (Apr-May). FRUITS are elliptical but not twisted. LEAVES are oval; appear as a basal rosette and clasping stem leaves. STATUS-Local, restricted to SW and N England.
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  • PYRAMIDAL BUGLE Ajuga pyramidalis (Lamiaceae) Height to 15cm. Upright perennial; stems are hairy all round. Plant usually forms a rather conical outline. Grows on limestone rocks. FLOWERS are 15mm long, blue with protruding stamens, and shorter than the purplish bracts (Apr-May). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are oval and stalked. STATUS-Rare, in N England, N Scotland and W Ireland only.
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  • IRISH SAXIFRAGE Saxifraga rosacea (Height to 30cm) is similar to Tufted Saxifrage (their ranges do not overlap, however) but with larger flowers (12-18mm across) borne on open clusters on slender stems (Jun-Aug). The leaves have pointed (not blunt) lobes. It grows in damp places among rocks and is extremely local in the S and W.
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  • PURPLE OXYTROPIS Oxytropis halleri (Fabaceae) Height to 20cm. Tufted perennial, covered in silky hairs. Found on mountain rocks and sea cliffs (in far N), on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 20mm long and deep purple, with a pointed tip to the keel; in stalked heads (May-Jun). FRUITS are downy, 25mm-long pods. LEAVES are up to 15cm long with 10-15 pairs of narrow leaflets. STATUS-Extremely local.
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  • HOARY WHITLOWGRASS Draba incana (Brassicaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright, hairy biennial of upland limestone rocks and (rarely) on sand dunes in N. FLOWERS are 3-5mm across with 4 slightly notched white petals (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are cylindrical but twisted. LEAVES are lanceolate; untoothed ones in basal rosette plus toothed stem leaves. STATUS-Local, restricted to N Wales, Scotland and NW Ireland.
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  • ROCK-SAMPHIRE Crithmum maritimum (Apiaceae) Height to 40cm<br />
Spreading, branched and hairless perennial. Characteristic of maritime rocky habitats and stabilised coastal shingle. FLOWERS are greenish yellow and borne in umbels, 3-6cm across, with 8-30 rays and numerous bracts (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are egg-shaped, ridged and corky. LEAVES are divided into narrow, fleshy lobes, triangular in cross-section.
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