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  • View over mountain range from Engerdine Lodge grounds, Spray Valley Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada
    159973.jpg
  • View over mountain range from Engerdine Lodge grounds, Spray Valley Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada
    159974.jpg
  • Photographing the view over mountain range from Engerdine Lodge grounds, Spray Valley Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada
    159975.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144371.jpg
  • Salmon - Salmo salar Length to 150cm. Large and distinctive fish. Found in open seas for much of life, but migrates into freshwater to spawn. Adult has streamlined, powerfully muscular body. At sea, silver-grey above, silvery-white below, with dark spots on back and flanks; spawning individuals become duller and more yellow. Widespread and locally, and seasonally, fairly common, least so in E and SE.
    156408.jpg
  • Rough sea on the British coast
    144672.jpg
  • Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Length 12-15m Large cetacean that is often active at surface; breaches and engages in flipper- and tail-slapping on water surface. Feeds on shoaling fish and krill. Adult has streamlined, bulky body; broad head covered in lumpy tubercles. Pectoral fins are long and mainly white; dorsal fin is short and stubby. Tail is typically dark above and white with black markings below. Before deep dive, arches back strongly and tail stock and fluke come clear of water before deep dive.
    124762.jpg
  • Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus Length 16-20m Huge, distinctive whale with large, bulbous head. Tail is raised clear of water prior to deep dive. Dives to 2,000m or more in search of giant squid and sharks. Females live in social groups. Adult is blackish grey with whitish scars from fights and violent encounters with prey. Head accounts for roughly 1/3 of body length and mass. Lower jaw is slender and armed with sharp teeth. Dorsal fin is absent but note dorsal ‘hump’ and series of knobbly lumps. Flippers are small while tail is large. Has a single blowhole (baleen whales have 2); sited at front of head and angled slightly forward and to left.
    127935.jpg
  • Salmon - Salmo salar Length to 150cm. Large and distinctive fish. Found in open seas for much of life, but migrates into freshwater to spawn. Adult has streamlined, powerfully muscular body. At sea, silver-grey above, silvery-white below, with dark spots on back and flanks; spawning individuals become duller and more yellow. Widespread and locally, and seasonally, fairly common, least so in E and SE.
    141048.jpg
  • Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Length 25-30m World’s largest living animal. Feeds on tiny, swarming planktonic crustaceans (krill). Adult has huge, streamlined body; bluish grey overall but mottled with greyish white. Seen just below water surface, body looks very blue. Flippers are relatively small. Single ridge extends from nostrils to tip of rostrum. Throat has 70-90 pleats that allow a huge expansion when feeding. Tail stock is thick and dorsal fin is small and set far back. Decimated by 20th Century whaling and possibly recovering.
    103525.jpg
  • Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Length 25-30m World’s largest living animal. Feeds on tiny, swarming planktonic crustaceans (krill). Adult has huge, streamlined body; bluish grey overall but mottled with greyish white. Seen just below water surface, body looks very blue. Flippers are relatively small. Single ridge extends from nostrils to tip of rostrum. Throat has 70-90 pleats that allow a huge expansion when feeding. Tail stock is thick and dorsal fin is small and set far back. Decimated by 20th Century whaling and possibly recovering.
    109126.jpg
  • Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Length 25-30m World’s largest living animal. Feeds on tiny, swarming planktonic crustaceans (krill). Adult has huge, streamlined body; bluish grey overall but mottled with greyish white. Seen just below water surface, body looks very blue. Flippers are relatively small. Single ridge extends from nostrils to tip of rostrum. Throat has 70-90 pleats that allow a huge expansion when feeding. Tail stock is thick and dorsal fin is small and set far back. Decimated by 20th Century whaling and possibly recovering.
    127933.jpg
  • Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis Length 12-15m (Pronounced Say). Similar to Fin Whale but smaller and with a characteristic blow and dive sequence. Rises almost horizontally to surface so blow, head, back and dorsal fin can be seen together (Fin and Minke Whales rise in a gliding arch). Fast swimmer that feeds on krill. Adult has streamlined body; blue-grey, palest on underside. Head is broader and less pointed than Fin Whale and colour is symmetrical. Has single median ridge on rostrum, flippers are uniformly coloured and dorsal fin tall and strongly recurved
    128088.jpg
  • Rough sea on the British coast
    144679.jpg
  • Sperm Whale - Physeter macrocephalus
    161120.jpg
  • Sperm Whale - Physeter macrocephalus
    161121.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    133586.jpg
  • Holm Oak - Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    157545.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak - Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    157484.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak - Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    157479.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    157232.jpg
  • Karo Pittosporum crassifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Small evergreen tree or large shrub. BARK Blackish. BRANCHES Congested. LEAVES Leathery, to 8cm long and 3cm wide, ovate to lanceolate and blunt-tipped; dark green above, paler and woolly below with slightly inrolled margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers, in lax clusters, have 5 deep red petals and yellow anthers. Fruit is an ovoid capsule, to 3cm long, matt and light green, with shiny seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand, tolerant of salt spray so planted for coastal hedging and naturalised in parts of SW England.
    133704.jpg
  • Karo Pittosporum crassifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Small evergreen tree or large shrub. BARK Blackish. BRANCHES Congested. LEAVES Leathery, to 8cm long and 3cm wide, ovate to lanceolate and blunt-tipped; dark green above, paler and woolly below with slightly inrolled margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers, in lax clusters, have 5 deep red petals and yellow anthers. Fruit is an ovoid capsule, to 3cm long, matt and light green, with shiny seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand, tolerant of salt spray so planted for coastal hedging and naturalised in parts of SW England.
    133683.jpg
  • Karo Pittosporum crassifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Small evergreen tree or large shrub. BARK Blackish. BRANCHES Congested. LEAVES Leathery, to 8cm long and 3cm wide, ovate to lanceolate and blunt-tipped; dark green above, paler and woolly below with slightly inrolled margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers, in lax clusters, have 5 deep red petals and yellow anthers. Fruit is an ovoid capsule, to 3cm long, matt and light green, with shiny seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand, tolerant of salt spray so planted for coastal hedging and naturalised in parts of SW England.
    133682.jpg
  • Karo Pittosporum crassifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Small evergreen tree or large shrub. BARK Blackish. BRANCHES Congested. LEAVES Leathery, to 8cm long and 3cm wide, ovate to lanceolate and blunt-tipped; dark green above, paler and woolly below with slightly inrolled margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers, in lax clusters, have 5 deep red petals and yellow anthers. Fruit is an ovoid capsule, to 3cm long, matt and light green, with shiny seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand, tolerant of salt spray so planted for coastal hedging and naturalised in parts of SW England.
    132447.jpg
  • Karo Pittosporum crassifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Small evergreen tree or large shrub. BARK Blackish. BRANCHES Congested. LEAVES Leathery, to 8cm long and 3cm wide, ovate to lanceolate and blunt-tipped; dark green above, paler and woolly below with slightly inrolled margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers, in lax clusters, have 5 deep red petals and yellow anthers. Fruit is an ovoid capsule, to 3cm long, matt and light green, with shiny seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand, tolerant of salt spray so planted for coastal hedging and naturalised in parts of SW England.
    132402.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    132377.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    132345.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    132344.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    132343.jpg
  • Karo Pittosporum crassifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Small evergreen tree or large shrub. BARK Blackish. BRANCHES Congested. LEAVES Leathery, to 8cm long and 3cm wide, ovate to lanceolate and blunt-tipped; dark green above, paler and woolly below with slightly inrolled margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers, in lax clusters, have 5 deep red petals and yellow anthers. Fruit is an ovoid capsule, to 3cm long, matt and light green, with shiny seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand, tolerant of salt spray so planted for coastal hedging and naturalised in parts of SW England.
    129840.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray. Naturalised occasionally.
    117567.jpg
  • SEA PLANTAIN Plantago maritima (Plantaginaceae) Height to 15cm. Characteristic coastal perennial, tolerant of salt spray and occasional immersion in seawater. Grows mainly in saltmarshes but also on coastal cliffs. FLOWERS are 3mm across with a brownish corolla and yellow stamens; in slender spikes, 2-6cm long (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, strap-like and untoothed, with 3-5 faint veins; in dense basal rosettes. STATUS-Widespread and common around coasts.
    113939.jpg
  • SEA WORMWOOD Seriphidium maritimum (Asteraceae) Height to 65cm. Highly aromatic, much branched perennial with both upright and spreading stems that are woody at the base. Grows in saltmarshes and on sea walls, and tolerates salt spray and occasional inundation. FLOWERS are borne in egg-shaped, slightly nodding and yellow heads, 1-2mm across; these are carried in dense, branched and leafy spikes (Aug-Oct). FRUITS are achenes. LEAVES are pinnately divided and downy on both sides.
    106417.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    133620.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    143143.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    143144.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    143145.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    143146.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    145043.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    145044.jpg
  • Dartford Warbler - Sylvia undata. (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
    157986.jpg
  • Evergreen (Holm) Oak Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. Broadly domed tree; crown is often very dense and twiggy. BARK Very dark with shallow fissures, eventually cracking to form squarish scales. BRANCHES Appear from low down on bole. Young shoots are covered with white down. LEAVES Variable: usually ovate to oblong with a pointed tip and a rounded base on mature trees, but more like holly leaves on a young tree. Leaves are dark glossy above, paler and downy below with raised veins; on 1–2cm-long, hairy petioles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins appear in spring, their golden colour contrasting with silvery new leaves and darker twigs. Acorns, to 2cm long, sit deeply in cups covered with rows of small hairy scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S Europe, planted here, mainly in mild areas and as a shelter-belt tree in coastal areas, to protect more tender species from winds and salt spray.
    135227.jpg
  • PORTLAND SEA-LAVENDER Limonium recurvum ssp. portlandicum (Height to 30cm) is entirely restricted to limestone cliffs and crags around the coasts of Portland in Dorset where it is relatively easy to find. Its pinkish lilac flowers are similar to those of Rock Sea-lavender but are borne in dense, curved sprays (Jul-Aug).
    155672.jpg
  • COMMON SEA-LAVENDER Limonium vulgare (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Distinctive, hairless perennial that is woody at the base. Entirely restricted to saltmarshes and tolerates tidal inundation. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; they are borne in branched, flat-topped heads on arching sprays (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are spoon-shaped with long stalks. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in S and SE England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
    154989.jpg
  • Saltmarsh with Sea Lavender - Limonium vulgare. Height to 30cm. Distinctive, hairless perennial that is woody at the base. Entirely restricted to saltmarshes and tolerates tidal inundation. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; they are borne in branched, flat-topped heads on arching sprays (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are spoon-shaped with long stalks. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in S and SE England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
    128303.jpg
  • MATTED SEA-LAVENDER - Limonium bellidifolium on the saltmarsh at Holme Nature Reserve, Norfolk. (Height to 25cm) is a compact perennial that grows in saltmarshes, and is restricted mainly to the north Norfolk coast. The spoon-shaped basal leaves mostly wither before the spreading, arching sprays of pinkish lilac flowers, with many non-flowering shoots below, appear (Jul-Aug).
    154247.jpg
  • Japanese Thuja Thuja standishii (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 22m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in strips or broader flakes. BRANCHES U-shaped with pendent grey-green shoot-tips. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like on flattened sprays, lemon-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers at shoot tips, dark red at first, yellower when open. Female flowers greenish, in separate clusters on tips of different shoots on same tree; ripen to red-brown, scaly cones. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for ornament.
    135083.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    134963.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    134933.jpg
  • Northern White Cedar Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Orange-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES Flattened, fern-like sprays of foliage show white, waxy bands below. Crushed leaves smell of apple and cloves. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones recall those of Western Red Cedar; female cones have rounded tips to cone scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America. Does not thrive here.
    134714.jpg
  • Northern White Cedar Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Orange-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES Flattened, fern-like sprays of foliage show white, waxy bands below. Crushed leaves smell of apple and cloves. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones recall those of Western Red Cedar; female cones have rounded tips to cone scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America. Does not thrive here.
    134666.jpg
  • Oriental Thuja Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Foliage in flat vertical sprays; both surfaces are same shade of green. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like, unscented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers small, yellow-orange; borne on ends of shoots. Female flowers greenish; become cones with prominent hooked scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUION Native of China, grown here in parks and gardens.
    134627.jpg
  • Hiba Thujopsis dolabrata (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Single-boled conical tree or broad shrub on a divided trunk. LEAVES Scale-like, glossy green above with white bands below and a pointed, curved tip. Leaves clasp shoots, in opposite pairs on flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small blackish male cones at shoot tips. Rounded female cones singly on ends of shoots on same tree. Mature cones about 1.2cm long, brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for ornament. Prefers wet regions with damp soils.
    134619.jpg
  • Northern White Cedar Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Orange-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES Flattened, fern-like sprays of foliage show white, waxy bands below. Crushed leaves smell of apple and cloves. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones recall those of Western Red Cedar; female cones have rounded tips to cone scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America. Does not thrive here.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Northern White Cedar Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Orange-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES Flattened, fern-like sprays of foliage show white, waxy bands below. Crushed leaves smell of apple and cloves. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones recall those of Western Red Cedar; female cones have rounded tips to cone scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America. Does not thrive here.
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  • Hiba Thujopsis dolabrata (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Single-boled conical tree or broad shrub on a divided trunk. LEAVES Scale-like, glossy green above with white bands below and a pointed, curved tip. Leaves clasp shoots, in opposite pairs on flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small blackish male cones at shoot tips. Rounded female cones singly on ends of shoots on same tree. Mature cones about 1.2cm long, brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for ornament. Prefers wet regions with damp soils.
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  • Oriental Thuja Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Foliage in flat vertical sprays; both surfaces are same shade of green. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like, unscented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers small, yellow-orange; borne on ends of shoots. Female flowers greenish; become cones with prominent hooked scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUION Native of China, grown here in parks and gardens.
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  • COMMON SEA-LAVENDER Limonium vulgare (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Distinctive, hairless perennial that is woody at the base. Entirely restricted to saltmarshes and tolerates tidal inundation. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; they are borne in branched, flat-topped heads on arching sprays (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are spoon-shaped with long stalks. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in S and SE England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
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  • MEADOWSWEET Filipendula ulmaria (Rosaceae) Height to 1.25m. Striking perennial of damp meadows, marshes and stream margins. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across, fragrant and creamy white; borne in sprays (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are spirally twisted and 1-seeded. LEAVES are dark green and comprise 3-5 pairs of oval leaflets with smaller leaflets between. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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  • COMMON SEA-LAVENDER Limonium vulgare (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Distinctive, hairless perennial that is woody at the base. Entirely restricted to saltmarshes and tolerates tidal inundation. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; they are borne in branched, flat-topped heads on arching sprays (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are spoon-shaped with long stalks. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in S and SE England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
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  • ROCK SEA-LAVENDER Limonium binervosum (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Hairless perennial of coastal cliffs and rocks; occasionally on stabilised shingle beaches. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; borne in small, well spaced clusters on sprays that branch from below the middle (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow spoon-shaped with winged stalks. STATUS-Locally common on coasts.
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  • FIELD WORMWOOD Artemisia campestris (Height to 1m) is similar to Sea Wormwood but it is almost hairless and unscented, with reddish stems and yellowish flowers borne in open sprays (Aug-Sep). In Britain, Field Wormwood is restricted to a few areas of Breckland grassland.
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  • DROPWORT Filipendula vulgaris (Rosaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Attractive perennial that is similar to Meadowsweet but characteristic of calcareous grassland. FLOWERS are 10-20mm across, unscented, creamy white above and reddish below; borne in flat-topped sprays (May-Aug). FRUITS are downy. LEAVES comprise 8-20 pairs of large leaflets with smaller leaflets between. STATUS-Widespread but local.
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  • MEADOWSWEET Filipendula ulmaria (Rosaceae) Height to 1.25m. Striking perennial of damp meadows, marshes and stream margins. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across, fragrant and creamy white; borne in sprays (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are spirally twisted and 1-seeded. LEAVES are dark green and comprise 3-5 pairs of oval leaflets with smaller leaflets between. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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  • PORTLAND SEA-LAVENDER Limonium recurvum ssp. portlandicum (Height to 30cm) is entirely restricted to limestone cliffs and crags around the coasts of Portland in Dorset where it is relatively easy to find. Its pinkish lilac flowers are similar to those of Rock Sea-lavender but are borne in dense, curved sprays (Jul-Aug).
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  • COMMON SEA-LAVENDER Limonium vulgare (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Distinctive, hairless perennial that is woody at the base. Entirely restricted to saltmarshes and tolerates tidal inundation. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; they are borne in branched, flat-topped heads on arching sprays (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are spoon-shaped with long stalks. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in S and SE England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
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  • MATTED SEA-LAVENDER - Limonium bellidifolium on the saltmarsh at Holme Nature Reserve, Norfolk. (Height to 25cm) is a compact perennial that grows in saltmarshes, and is restricted mainly to the north Norfolk coast. The spoon-shaped basal leaves mostly wither before the spreading, arching sprays of pinkish lilac flowers, with many non-flowering shoots below, appear (Jul-Aug).
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  • Pear-fruited Hawthorn Crataegus pedicellata Height to 7m. Deciduous shrub. Leaves are diamond-shaped to near-palmate with lobed, toothed margins. Flowers are pinkish-white and borne in sprays. Fruits are bright scarlet berries, borne in clusters.
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  • Japanese Thuja Thuja standishii (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 22m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in strips or broader flakes. BRANCHES U-shaped with pendent grey-green shoot-tips. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like on flattened sprays, lemon-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers at shoot tips, dark red at first, yellower when open. Female flowers greenish, in separate clusters on tips of different shoots on same tree; ripen to red-brown, scaly cones. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for ornament.
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  • Chilean Incense Cedar Austrocedrus chilensis (Height to 15m) is similar to Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens but less regular in outline. Sprays of foliage are very flattened and do not always show the white stripes seen in Incense Cedar. More tender and shorter-lived than Incense Cedar, so only thrives in the west of Britain and Ireland.
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  • Chilean Incense Cedar Austrocedrus chilensis (Height to 15m) is similar to Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens but less regular in outline. Sprays of foliage are very flattened and do not always show the white stripes seen in Incense Cedar. More tender and shorter-lived than Incense Cedar, so only thrives in the west of Britain and Ireland.
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  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
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  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    134982.jpg
  • Chilean Incense Cedar Austrocedrus chilensis (Height to 15m) is similar to Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens but less regular in outline. Sprays of foliage are very flattened and do not always show the white stripes seen in Incense Cedar. More tender and shorter-lived than Incense Cedar, so only thrives in the west of Britain and Ireland.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Hiba Thujopsis dolabrata (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Single-boled conical tree or broad shrub on a divided trunk. LEAVES Scale-like, glossy green above with white bands below and a pointed, curved tip. Leaves clasp shoots, in opposite pairs on flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small blackish male cones at shoot tips. Rounded female cones singly on ends of shoots on same tree. Mature cones about 1.2cm long, brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for ornament. Prefers wet regions with damp soils.
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  • Oriental Thuja Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Foliage in flat vertical sprays; both surfaces are same shade of green. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like, unscented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers small, yellow-orange; borne on ends of shoots. Female flowers greenish; become cones with prominent hooked scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUION Native of China, grown here in parks and gardens.
    134665.jpg
  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Scotch Laburnum  Laburnum alpinum Height to 5m. Native to central and southern Europe but planted elsewhere, and naturalised in Scotland. Leaves comprise 3 narrowly-oval leaflets. Flowers are yellow and borne in pendulous sprays.
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  • Canary Palm Phoenix canariensis Height to 25m. Typical palm, native to Canary Islands but widely planted elsewhere in areas with a Mediterranean climate. Leaves are pinnate and 4-5m long, with up to 100 leaflets. Flowers are produced in sprays and fruits are  oval, yellowish drupes containing a single, large seed.
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  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m <br />
Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
    132965.jpg
  • Japanese Thuja Thuja standishii (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 22m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in strips or broader flakes. BRANCHES U-shaped with pendent grey-green shoot-tips. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like on flattened sprays, lemon-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers at shoot tips, dark red at first, yellower when open. Female flowers greenish, in separate clusters on tips of different shoots on same tree; ripen to red-brown, scaly cones. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for ornament.
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  • COMMON SEA-LAVENDER Limonium vulgare (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Distinctive, hairless perennial that is woody at the base. Entirely restricted to saltmarshes and tolerates tidal inundation. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; they are borne in branched, flat-topped heads on arching sprays (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are spoon-shaped with long stalks. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in S and SE England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
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  • CANADIAN GOLDENROD Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae) Height to 2m. Variable, upright and downy perennial that grows in damp, wayside ground, hedgerows and rough grassland. FLOWERS are yellow; individual heads are borne in crowded, arching and 1-sided sprays in branching clusters (Jul-Oct). FRUITS are 1-seeded with pappus hairs. LEAVES are oval, toothed and 3-veined. STATUS-Introduced and now a familiar garden plant that is naturalised locally as an escape.
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  • LAX-FLOWERED SEA-LAVENDER Limonium humile (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 25cm. Similar to Common Sea-lavender but with subtle differences in appearance of flower heads and leaves. Restricted to saltmarshes. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; borne in open, lax clusters with well-spaced flowers; sprays branch below the middle (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow and long-stalked. STATUS-Local in England, Wales and S Scotland; widespread and fairly common on Irish coasts.
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  • LAX-FLOWERED SEA-LAVENDER Limonium humile (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 25cm. Similar to Common Sea-lavender but with subtle differences in appearance of flower heads and leaves. Restricted to saltmarshes. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; borne in open, lax clusters with well-spaced flowers; sprays branch below the middle (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow and long-stalked. STATUS-Local in England, Wales and S Scotland; widespread and fairly common on Irish coasts.
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  • PORTLAND SEA-LAVENDER Limonium recurvum ssp. portlandicum (Height to 30cm) is entirely restricted to limestone cliffs and crags around the coasts of Portland in Dorset where it is relatively easy to find. Its pinkish lilac flowers are similar to those of Rock Sea-lavender but are borne in dense, curved sprays (Jul-Aug).
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  • MATTED SEA-LAVENDER Limonium bellidifolium (Height to 25cm) is a compact perennial that grows in saltmarshes, and is restricted mainly to the north Norfolk coast. The spoon-shaped basal leaves mostly wither before the spreading, arching sprays of pinkish lilac flowers, with many non-flowering shoots below, appear (Jul-Aug).
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  • COMMON SEA-LAVENDER Limonium vulgare (Plumbaginaceae) Height to 30cm. Distinctive, hairless perennial that is woody at the base. Entirely restricted to saltmarshes and tolerates tidal inundation. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long and pinkish lilac; they are borne in branched, flat-topped heads on arching sprays (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are spoon-shaped with long stalks. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in S and SE England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
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  • MEADOWSWEET Filipendula ulmaria (Rosaceae) Height to 1.25m. Striking perennial of damp meadows, marshes and stream margins. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across, fragrant and creamy white; borne in sprays (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are spirally twisted and 1-seeded. LEAVES are dark green and comprise 3-5 pairs of oval leaflets with smaller leaflets between. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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