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  • Wych Elm Ulmus glabra Ulmaceae Height to 40m<br />
Spreading tree. Bark Cracked and ridged with age. Branches Main ones spreading. Young twigs have stiff hairs. Leaves Oval, to 18cm long, with tapering tip. Unequal base extends beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 2cm long. Status Widespread but much reduced by Dutch Elm Disease; large trees seldom seen nowadays.
    105810.jpg
  • Chinese Elm Ulmus parviflora (Height to 15m). Similar to Japanese Elm U. japonica but has a domed crown and oval, dark green leaves, to 6cm long; bases almost equal and teeth are blunt. Native of E Asia, sometimes planted.
    132504.jpg
  • Wych Elm Ulmus glabra Ulmaceae Height to 40m<br />
Spreading tree. Bark Cracked and ridged with age. Branches Main ones spreading. Young twigs have stiff hairs. Leaves Oval, to 18cm long, with tapering tip. Unequal base extends beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 2cm long. Status Widespread but much reduced by Dutch Elm Disease; large trees seldom seen nowadays.
    134728.jpg
  • Hybrid Elm Ulmus ‘Lobel’ (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 35m<br />
Narrowly columnar tree with rather dense foliage. BARK Brown, cracking into small, square plates. BRANCHES Upright, straight and spreading at shallow angles. LEAVES Ovate to elliptical, dark green and shiny with a pointed tip and toothed margins; base is almost equal and upper surface of leaf is smooth. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widely planted.
    132522.jpg
  • LESSER MEADOW-RUE Thalictrum minus (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Variable, often short perennial of dunes, dry grassland and rocky slopes; mainly on basic soils. FLOWERS are yellowish, tinged purple, with prominent dangling stamens; in open clusters, flowers drooping at first then erect (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are pinnately divided 3 or 4 times. STATUS-Widespread but local.
    131306.jpg
  • TORMENTIL Potentilla erecta (Rosaceae) Height to 30cm<br />
Creeping, downy perennial of grassy places, heaths and moors. FLOWERS are 7-11mm across with 4 yellow petals; borne on slender stalks (May-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are unstalked and trifoliate, but appear 5-lobed because of two large, leaflet-like stipules at the base.
    106046.jpg
  • Hazel - Corylus avellana Betulaceae Height to 6m<br />
Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
    157533.jpg
  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
    144433.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    130423.jpg
  • Hazel Corylus avellana Betulaceae Height to 6m<br />
Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
    114354.jpg
  • SULPHUR CINQUEFOIL Potentilla recta (Rosaceae) Height to 70cm. Upright, hairy perennial with stiff stems. Favours dry, grassy places and waste ground. FLOWERS are 2-2.5cm across with 5 pale yellow petals; in terminal clusters (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are palmately divided into 5 or 7 finger-like lobes. STATUS-Occasionally naturalised in S and E England.
    134169.jpg
  • SIBBALDIA Sibbaldia procumbens (Rosaceae) Prostrate<br />
Creeping, tufted perennial of bare ground, short grassland and rocky places in mountains. FLOWERS are 5mm across with yellow petals that are sometimes absent (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are bluish green, trifoliate, the leaflets ovate with 3 terminal teeth. STATUS-Local in Scottish Highlands, rare in N England.
    131744.jpg
  • HOARY CINQUEFOIL Potentilla argentea Height to 50cm. Spreading perennial of dry, gravelly soils. Stems are coated in silvery hairs. Flowers 8-12mm across, with 5 yellow petals; in branched clusters (May-June). Fruits dry, papery. Leaves digitate with narrow leaflets, the undersides coated with silvery hairs. Status local, mainly in SE England.
    131274.jpg
  • JAPANESE KNOTWEED Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Fast-growing and invasive perennial, quick to colonise roadsides and other wayside places; hard to eradicate. FLOWERS are whitish and borne in loose, pendulous spikes that arise from leaf bases (Aug-Oct). FRUITS are papery. LEAVES are large, triangular and borne on red, zigzag stems.
    157703.jpg
  • Wych Elm Ulmus glabra Ulmaceae Height to 40m<br />
Spreading tree. Bark Cracked and ridged with age. Branches Main ones spreading. Young twigs have stiff hairs. Leaves Oval, to 18cm long, with tapering tip. Unequal base extends beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 2cm long. Status Widespread but much reduced by Dutch Elm Disease; large trees seldom seen nowadays.
    144532.jpg
  • Indian Bean Tree (Southern Catalpa) Catalpa bignonioides (Bignoniaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Medium-sized deciduous tree with a short bole. BARK Greyish-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Mostly spreading with smooth, stout twigs tipped with very small orange-brown buds. LEAVES Long-stalked, large and broadly ovate, to 25cm long and 20cm across, with heart-shaped bases and short-pointed tips; margins are untoothed, upper surface is smooth and lower surface is downy. Leaves are tinged with purple and downy when young, becoming a lighter, almost transparent green when mature. Usually late to open and early to fall. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5cm-long flowers are an open bell shape with 2 lips; petals are white with purple and yellow spots; in large showy panicles in midsummer. Fruit is a long, slender bean-like pod, to 40cm long, that hangs from branches long after leaves have fallen; contains many inedible flat, papery seeds, to 2.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SE USA, planted here and quite common in many large cities, including London.
    135460.jpg
  • European White Elm Ulmus laevis (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Broadly spreading tree with an open crown. BARK Grey and smooth when young, deeply furrowed with age. BRANCHES Twigs are reddish-brown and softly downy, but become smooth with age. LEAVES To 13cm long, with markedly unequal bases and toothed margins. Leaf veins are paired, and longer side has 2–3 more veins than the other. Upper leaf surface is usually smooth but underside is normally grey-downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in long-stalked clusters. Fruits are winged and papery, with a fringe of hairs; in pendulous clusters. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mainland Europe, possibly native in Britain in the past but now probably extinct.
    132508.jpg
  • Jersey Elm Ulmus minor ssp. sarniensis Ulmaceae HEIGHT to 20m. Similar to Cornish Elm but separable by using characters as well as geographical range. Has a tall, straight trunk that extends to top of tree. BRANCHES Numerous branches, spreading or only slightly ascending. LEAVES Oval, with uneven base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Guernsey, probably introduced to other Channel Islands, and occasionally planted in mainland England too.
    134046.jpg
  • MARSH CINQUEFOIL Potentilla palustris (Rosaceae) Height to 40cm. Hairless perennial of marshes and damp meadows. FLOWERS are star-shaped, upright and comprise 5 reddish sepals and smaller purple petals (May-Jul). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are greyish and pinnately divided into 3 or 5 toothed, oval leaflets. STATUS-Widespread but local; common only in N England and Ireland.
    131750.jpg
  • LONG-HEADED POPPY Papaver dubium (Papaveraceae) Height to 60cm. Annual of arable land and disturbed ground. FLOWERS are 3-7cm across with 4 papery, orange-red overlapping petals with no dark basal blotch; on stalks with adpressed hairs (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are narrow, elongated and hairless capsules. LEAVES are much divided into narrow segments. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common, including the N.
    131240.jpg
  • SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL Potentilla fruticosa (Rosaceae) Height less than 1m. Deciduous, downy shrub. Favours damp, rocky ground and riverbanks, usually on basic soils. FLOWERS are 2cm across with 5 yellow petals; in clusters (May-Jul). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are greyish green, pinnately divided into 3 or 5 untoothed leaflets.
    108347.jpg
  • CREEPING CINQUEFOIL Potentilla reptans (Rosaceae) Height to 20cm<br />
Creeping perennial whose trailing stems root at the nodes (unlike Tormentil). Found in grassy places, including verges. FLOWERS are 7-11mm across with 4 yellow petals (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are long-stalked, hairless and divided into 5-7 leaflets.
    103429.jpg
  • APANESE KNOTWEED Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae) Height to 2m. Fast-growing and invasive perennial, quick to colonise roadsides and other wayside places; hard to eradicate. FLOWERS are whitish and borne in loose, pendulous spikes that arise from leaf bases (Aug-Oct). FRUITS are papery. LEAVES are large, triangular and borne on red, zigzag stems.
    144546.jpg
  • Paper-bark Maple Acer griseum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 15m <br />
Dense and spreading tree. BARK Reddish-brown and distinctive, peeling off in thin papery scales. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Pinnate and divided into 3 blunt-toothed leaflets, each toothed and lobed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellow-green flowers are small, growing in drooping clusters. Pale-green winged fruits are about 3cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, planted here occasionally for ornament.
    134598.jpg
  • Huntingdon Elm Ulmus x vegeta (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Widely spreading tree with a domed crown. BARK Greyish and broken into regular ridges. BRANCHES Main branches are long, straight and upright to spreading. LEAVES Ovate to elliptical with a pointed tip and toothed margins; base is markedly unequal and upper surface of leaf is smooth. Leaves are rather similar to those of Wych Elm but with a petiole more than 5mm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruit. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid between Wych Elm and Ulmus glabra, found in East Anglia and central England. However, the true native distribution is obscured because cultivars, raised from the same parents, are widely planted. COMMENTS The cultivar known as ‘Huntingdon Elm’ is popularly planted and has a degree of resistance to Dutch Elm Disease.
    134406.jpg
  • European White Elm Ulmus laevis (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Broadly spreading tree with an open crown. BARK Grey and smooth when young, deeply furrowed with age. BRANCHES Twigs are reddish-brown and softly downy, but become smooth with age. LEAVES To 13cm long, with markedly unequal bases and toothed margins. Leaf veins are paired, and longer side has 2–3 more veins than the other. Upper leaf surface is usually smooth but underside is normally grey-downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in long-stalked clusters. Fruits are winged and papery, with a fringe of hairs; in pendulous clusters. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mainland Europe, possibly native in Britain in the past but now probably extinct.
    132507.jpg
  • Japanese Elm Ulmus japonica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 8m<br />
Spreading, low-growing tree. BARK Grey-brown, scaly and ridged. BRANCHES Upright and spreading with downy shoots. LEAVES Narrow-ovate, to 10cm long, dark green, rough above, downy below; leaf bases unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here partly for its resistance to Dutch Elm Disease.
    132263.jpg
  • Caledonian Pine Forest comprising Scots Pine, with an understorey of Bilberry and Heather. Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 36m. A conical evergreen when young and growing vigorously, but becoming much more open, and flat-topped with a long bole when an older tree. BARK Reddish- or grey-brown low down on the trunk, but markedly red or orange higher up the trunk in mature trees. The lower trunk is scaly, and higher up it becomes more papery. BRANCHES Irregular, with broken-off stumps of old branches remaining on the trunk lower down. LEAVES Needles, borne in bunches of 2, grey-green or blue-green, up to 7cm long, usually twisted with a short point at the tip. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellow and borne in clusters at the ends of the previous year’s shoots, shedding pollen in late spring. Female flowers grow at the tips of new shoots; they are usually solitary, and are crimson at first, ripening to brown by the end of the summer and persisting through the winter. In the second summer they enlarge and become green and bluntly conical, ripening to grey-brown in the autumn; they do not open their scales and shed seeds until the following spring. Each cone scale has a blunt projection in the centre. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A tree native to Scotland, and originally much of Britain, as well as a wide swathe of Europe from Spain to Siberia and Turkey.
    127550.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    114086.jpg
  • SILVERWEED Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Low-growing perennial with long, creeping stems. Found in damp, grassy places and on bare ground. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across with 5 yellow petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are divided into up to 12 pairs of leaflets (with tiny ones between them) that are covered in silvery, silky hairs. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    132204.jpg
  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
    133578.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    130191.jpg
  • DEVIL’S-BIT SCABIOUS Succisa pratensis (Dipsacaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial with hairy or hairless stems. Grows in damp grassland, woodland rides and marshes. FLOWERS are pinkish lilac to violet blue with projecting anthers (like tiny mallets); borne in dense, domed terminal heads, 15-25mm across, on long, slender stalks (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are spoon-shaped at the base of the plant, and narrow on the stem. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    132069.jpg
  • GREAT BURNET Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae) Height to 1m. Elegant, hairless perennial of damp grassland and riverbanks. FLOWERS are tiny and reddish purple; borne in dense, ovoid heads on long stalks (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are pinnately divided and comprise 3-7 pairs of oval, toothed leaflets. STATUS-Local and declining, and common only in C and N England.
    132012.jpg
  • WILD TEASEL Dipsacus fullonum (Dipsacaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Biennial of damp and disturbed grassland on heavy soils. Stems are angled, with sharp prickles on the angles. FLOWERS are pinkish purple and carried in egg-shaped heads, 6-8cm long, adorned with numerous spiny bracts; borne on tall stems (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are dry, papery and borne in the dry flower heads; popular with Goldfinches. LEAVES are spine-coated and appear as rosettes in the 1st year; in 2nd year, these die back and stem leaves are opposite and joined at the base, the resulting cup collecting water. STATUS-Widespread and common in the S; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    130526.jpg
  • JAPANESE KNOTWEED Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Fast-growing and invasive perennial, quick to colonise roadsides and other wayside places; hard to eradicate. FLOWERS are whitish and borne in loose, pendulous spikes that arise from leaf bases (Aug-Oct). FRUITS are papery. LEAVES are large, triangular and borne on red, zigzag stems.
    104322.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133639.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    130182.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    129701.jpg
  • SULPHUR CINQUEFOIL Potentilla recta (Rosaceae) Height to 70cm. Upright, hairy perennial with stiff stems. Favours dry, grassy places and waste ground. FLOWERS are 2-2.5cm across with 5 pale yellow petals; in terminal clusters (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are palmately divided into 5 or 7 finger-like lobes. STATUS-Occasionally naturalised in S and E England.
    132184.jpg
  • PARSLEY-PIERT Aphanes arvensis (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
 Easily overlooked, greyish green downy annual. Found on dry, bare ground and arable field margins. FLOWERS are minute, petal-less and green; borne in dense, unstalked clusters along stems (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are fan-shaped, deeply divided into 3 lobes and parsley-like. STATUS-Widespread and generally common.
    143549.jpg
  • Paper-bark Maple Acer griseum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 15m <br />
Dense and spreading tree. BARK Reddish-brown and distinctive, peeling off in thin papery scales. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Pinnate and divided into 3 blunt-toothed leaflets, each toothed and lobed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellow-green flowers are small, growing in drooping clusters. Pale-green winged fruits are about 3cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, planted here occasionally for ornament.
    134561.jpg
  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
    118494.jpg
  • ALPINE LADY’S-MANTLE Alchemilla alpina (Rosaceae) Height to 25cm. Tufted perennial of grassy upland sites. FLOWERS are tiny, yellowish green and borne in flat-topped clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are palmately lobed, the lobes typically divided to the base or nearly so; undersurface of leaf is silky hairy. STATUS-Widespread but locally common in NW England and Scotland only.
    119203.jpg
  • Wild Cherry - Prunus avium Rosaceae. Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
    157431.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133822.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    133703.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    133702.jpg
  • Indian Bean Tree (Southern Catalpa) Catalpa bignonioides (Bignoniaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Medium-sized deciduous tree with a short bole. BARK Greyish-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Mostly spreading with smooth, stout twigs tipped with very small orange-brown buds. LEAVES Long-stalked, large and broadly ovate, to 25cm long and 20cm across, with heart-shaped bases and short-pointed tips; margins are untoothed, upper surface is smooth and lower surface is downy. Leaves are tinged with purple and downy when young, becoming a lighter, almost transparent green when mature. Usually late to open and early to fall. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5cm-long flowers are an open bell shape with 2 lips; petals are white with purple and yellow spots; in large showy panicles in midsummer. Fruit is a long, slender bean-like pod, to 40cm long, that hangs from branches long after leaves have fallen; contains many inedible flat, papery seeds, to 2.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SE USA, planted here and quite common in many large cities, including London.
    133676.jpg
  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
    130197.jpg
  • Small-leaved Elm Ulmus minor ssp. minor (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 32m. Domed and spreading tree. BARK Greyish brown, scaly and ridged. BRANCHES Usually ascending, often with pendulous masses of shoots. LEAVES Superficially hornbeam-like, leathery, to 15cm long, oval, pointed at tip, with toothed margins; unequal leaf bases, narrowly tapering on short side, and a short petiole. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits are papery. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to S and SE England; once widespread but range and abundance badly affected by Dutch<br />
Elm Disease.
    129839.jpg
  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
    129690.jpg
  • Hazel Corylus avellana Betulaceae Height to 6m<br />
Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
    129585.jpg
  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
    109846.jpg
  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
    105828.jpg
  • CREEPING CINQUEFOIL Potentilla reptans (Rosaceae) Height to 20cm. Creeping perennial whose trailing stems root at the nodes (unlike Tormentil). Found in grassy places, including verges. FLOWERS are 7-11mm across with 4 yellow petals (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are long-stalked, hairless and divided into 5-7 leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    132198.jpg
  • ALPINE LADY’S-MANTLE Alchemilla alpina (Rosaceae) Height to 25cm. Tufted perennial of grassy upland sites. FLOWERS are tiny, yellowish green and borne in flat-topped clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are palmately lobed, the lobes typically divided to the base or nearly so; undersurface of leaf is silky hairy. STATUS-Widespread but locally common in NW England and Scotland only.
    131645.jpg
  • SILVERWEED Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Low-growing perennial with long, creeping stems. Found in damp, grassy places and on bare ground. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across with 5 yellow petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are divided into up to 12 pairs of leaflets (with tiny ones between them) that are covered in silvery, silky hairs. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    131028.jpg
  • ALPINE MEADOW-RUE Thalictrum alpinum (Ranunculaceae) Height to 15cm. Short, easily overlooked perennial of upland grassland and mountain ledges. FLOWERS have purplish sepals and stamens and yellow anthers; in terminal clusters on slender stems (May-Jul). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are twice trifoliate with dark green, rounded leaflets. STATUS-Local from N Wales to Scotland; scarce in W Ireland.
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  • WILD TEASEL Dipsacus fullonum (Dipsacaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Biennial of damp and disturbed grassland on heavy soils. Stems are angled, with sharp prickles on the angles. FLOWERS are pinkish purple and carried in egg-shaped heads, 6-8cm long, adorned with numerous spiny bracts; borne on tall stems (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are dry, papery and borne in the dry flower heads; popular with Goldfinches. LEAVES are spine-coated and appear as rosettes in the 1st year; in 2nd year, these die back and stem leaves are opposite and joined at the base, the resulting cup collecting water. STATUS-Widespread and common in the S; scarce or absent elsewhere.
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  • PARSLEY-PIERT Aphanes arvensis (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Easily overlooked, greyish green downy annual. Found on dry, bare ground and arable field margins. FLOWERS are minute, petal-less and green; borne in dense, unstalked clusters along stems (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are fan-shaped, deeply divided into 3 lobes and parsley-like. STATUS-Widespread and generally common.
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  • APANESE KNOTWEED Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae) Height to 2m. Fast-growing and invasive perennial, quick to colonise roadsides and other wayside places; hard to eradicate. FLOWERS are whitish and borne in loose, pendulous spikes that arise from leaf bases (Aug-Oct). FRUITS are papery. LEAVES are large, triangular and borne on red, zigzag stems.
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  • Hazel Corylus avellana Betulaceae Height to 6m<br />
Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
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  • Hazel Corylus avellana Betulaceae Height to 6m<br />
Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
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  • LESSER MEADOW-RUE Thalictrum minus (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Variable, often short perennial of dunes, dry grassland and rocky slopes; mainly on basic soils. FLOWERS are yellowish, tinged purple, with prominent dangling stamens; in open clusters, flowers drooping at first then erect (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are pinnately divided 3 or 4 times. STATUS-Widespread but local.
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  • BARREN STRAWBERRY Potentilla sterilis (Rosaceae) Height to 15cm. Hairy perennial with long, rooting runners. Favours dry, grassy places and woodland rides. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across with 5 white and widely separated petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are bluish green and trifoliate, the terminal tooth of end leaflet is shorter than adjacent ones. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • Hazel Corylus avellana Betulaceae Height to 6m<br />
Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
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  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
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  • Paper-bark Maple Acer griseum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 15m <br />
Dense and spreading tree. BARK Reddish-brown and distinctive, peeling off in thin papery scales. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Pinnate and divided into 3 blunt-toothed leaflets, each toothed and lobed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellow-green flowers are small, growing in drooping clusters. Pale-green winged fruits are about 3cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, planted here occasionally for ornament.
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  • Hybrid Elm Ulmus ‘Lobel’ (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 35m<br />
Narrowly columnar tree with rather dense foliage. BARK Brown, cracking into small, square plates. BRANCHES Upright, straight and spreading at shallow angles. LEAVES Ovate to elliptical, dark green and shiny with a pointed tip and toothed margins; base is almost equal and upper surface of leaf is smooth. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widely planted. COMMENTS An artificial hybrid with a complex parentage that includes U. x hollandica.
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  • Hazel Corylus avellana Betulaceae Height to 6m<br />
Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
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  • Wych Elm Ulmus glabra Ulmaceae Height to 40m<br />
Spreading tree. Bark Cracked and ridged with age. Branches Main ones spreading. Young twigs have stiff hairs. Leaves Oval, to 18cm long, with tapering tip. Unequal base extends beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 2cm long. Status Widespread but much reduced by Dutch Elm Disease; large trees seldom seen nowadays.
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  • Wych Elm Ulmus glabra Ulmaceae Height to 40m<br />
Spreading tree. Bark Cracked and ridged with age. Branches Main ones spreading. Young twigs have stiff hairs. Leaves Oval, to 18cm long, with tapering tip. Unequal base extends beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 2cm long. Status Widespread but much reduced by Dutch Elm Disease; large trees seldom seen nowadays.
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  • Cornish Elm Ulmus minor ssp. angustifolia (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 36m  Narrowly conical and rather open crown. BARK Grey-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Relatively few branches, lowest ones ascending steeply. LEAVES Oval, toothed and relatively small (to 6cm); smooth and leathery above, downy on the midrib below. Leaf is narrow and almost equatl at the base, sometimes concave and with a straight midrib. Petiole is 1cm long and downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Restricted to Cornwall, W Devon; more local elsewhere in West Country and introduce to SW Ireland. Much reduced because of Dutch Elm Disease.
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  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
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  • WILD ONION Allium vineale (Liliaceae) Height to 60cm<br />
Bulbous perennial of dry grassland and roadside verges. FLOWERS are pink or white, long-stalked and borne in umbels along with greenish red bulbils and a papery bract; proportion of flowers : bulbils varies considerably (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green, hollow and semi-circular in cross-section. STATUS-Common in S.
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  • Hazel Corylus avellana Betulaceae - catkins releasing pollen. Height to 6m. Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
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  • Indian Bean Tree (Southern Catalpa) Catalpa bignonioides (Bignoniaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Medium-sized deciduous tree with a short bole. BARK Greyish-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Mostly spreading with smooth, stout twigs tipped with very small orange-brown buds. LEAVES Long-stalked, large and broadly ovate, to 25cm long and 20cm across, with heart-shaped bases and short-pointed tips; margins are untoothed, upper surface is smooth and lower surface is downy. Leaves are tinged with purple and downy when young, becoming a lighter, almost transparent green when mature. Usually late to open and early to fall. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5cm-long flowers are an open bell shape with 2 lips; petals are white with purple and yellow spots; in large showy panicles in midsummer. Fruit is a long, slender bean-like pod, to 40cm long, that hangs from branches long after leaves have fallen; contains many inedible flat, papery seeds, to 2.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SE USA, planted here and quite common in many large cities, including London.
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  • Small-leaved Elm Ulmus minor ssp. minor (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 32m. Domed and spreading tree. BARK Greyish brown, scaly and ridged. BRANCHES Usually ascending, often with pendulous masses of shoots. LEAVES Superficially hornbeam-like, leathery, to 15cm long, oval, pointed at tip, with toothed margins; unequal leaf bases, narrowly tapering on short side, and a short petiole. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits are papery. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to S and SE England; once widespread but range and abundance badly affected by Dutch Elm Disease. The ssp. minor includes trees previously (and sometimes still) known as Smooth-leaved Elm.
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  • Paper-bark Maple Acer griseum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 15m <br />
Dense and spreading tree. BARK Reddish-brown and distinctive, peeling off in thin papery scales. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Pinnate and divided into 3 blunt-toothed leaflets, each toothed and lobed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellow-green flowers are small, growing in drooping clusters. Pale-green winged fruits are about 3cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, planted here occasionally for ornament.
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  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
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  • Indian Bean Tree (Southern Catalpa) Catalpa bignonioides (Bignoniaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Medium-sized deciduous tree with a short bole. BARK Greyish-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Mostly spreading with smooth, stout twigs tipped with very small orange-brown buds. LEAVES Long-stalked, large and broadly ovate, to 25cm long and 20cm across, with heart-shaped bases and short-pointed tips; margins are untoothed, upper surface is smooth and lower surface is downy. Leaves are tinged with purple and downy when young, becoming a lighter, almost transparent green when mature. Usually late to open and early to fall. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5cm-long flowers are an open bell shape with 2 lips; petals are white with purple and yellow spots; in large showy panicles in midsummer. Fruit is a long, slender bean-like pod, to 40cm long, that hangs from branches long after leaves have fallen; contains many inedible flat, papery seeds, to 2.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SE USA, planted here and quite common in many large cities, including London.
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  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
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  • Japanese Elm Ulmus japonica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 8m<br />
Spreading, low-growing tree. BARK Grey-brown, scaly and ridged. BRANCHES Upright and spreading with downy shoots. LEAVES Narrow-ovate, to 10cm long, dark green, rough above, downy below; leaf bases unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here partly for its resistance to Dutch Elm Disease.
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  • English Elm Ulmus procera Ulmaceae Height to 36m <br />
High domed and lofty. BARK Dark, grooved with squarish plates. Branches Main ones ascending. Twigs reddish, hairy. Leaves Rough, rounded to oval; unequal base does not reach beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 1.5cm long, short-stalked. Status Fairly common but declining.
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  • TWINFLOWER Linnaea borealis (Caprifoliaceae) Height to 7cm. Charming, delicate, creeping and evergreen perennial. Sometimes mat-forming. Grows on the woodland floor in mature and undisturbed Scottish pine forests. FLOWERS are 5-9mm long, the corolla pink and bell-shaped; borne in pairs on upright, slender stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are oval to rounded and borne in pairs on wiry stems. STATUS-Rare and restricted to a few locations in NE Scotland.
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  • GREAT BURNET Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae) Height to 1m. Elegant, hairless perennial of damp grassland and riverbanks. FLOWERS are tiny and reddish purple; borne in dense, ovoid heads on long stalks (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are pinnately divided and comprise 3-7 pairs of oval, toothed leaflets. STATUS-Local and declining, and common only in C and N England.
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  • LADY’S-MANTLE Alchemilla vulgaris agg. (Rosaceae) Height to 30cm. Grassland perennial. Aggregate of several native species, and the familiar herbaceous border ornamental A.mollis. FLOWERS are yellowish green and borne in flat-topped clusters (May-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are rounded and palmately lobed; leaf shape variation used to separate aggregated species. STATUS-Widespread.
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  • FIELD SCABIOUS Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae) Height to 75cm. Robust, hairy biennial or perennial of dry grassland. FLOWERS are bluish violet and borne in heads, 3-4cm across, outer flowers larger than inner ones (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES comprise lobed, spoon-shaped basal ones in a rosette and less-divided stem leaves. STATUS-Widespread and common, except N Scotland.
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  • SPRING CINQUEFOIL Potentilla tabernaemontani (Rosaceae) Height to 15cm. Creeping, mat-forming perennial with woody stem bases. Found in dry, calcareous grassland. FLOWERS are 1-2cm across with 5 yellow petals; borne in loose clusters (Apr-Jun). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES comprise palmate basal leaves with 5-7 leaflets, and trifoliate stem leaves. STATUS-Widespread but extremely local.
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  • SULPHUR CINQUEFOIL Potentilla recta (Rosaceae) Height to 70cm. Upright, hairy perennial with stiff stems. Favours dry, grassy places and waste ground. FLOWERS are 2-2.5cm across with 5 pale yellow petals; in terminal clusters (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are palmately divided into 5 or 7 finger-like lobes. STATUS-Occasionally naturalised in S and E England.
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  • PARSLEY-PIERT Aphanes arvensis (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Easily overlooked, greyish green downy annual. Found on dry, bare ground and arable field margins. FLOWERS are minute, petal-less and green; borne in dense, unstalked clusters along stems (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are fan-shaped, deeply divided into 3 lobes and parsley-like. STATUS-Widespread and generally common.
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  • SMALL SCABIOUS Scabiosa columbaria (Dipsacaceae) Height to 65cm. Upright and branching perennial of calcareous grassland. FLOWERS are bluish-violet, and borne in compact heads, 2-3cm across, outer flowers larger than inner ones (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES comprise pinnately lobed basal leaves in a rosette, and narrow-lobed stem leaves.
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  • Hazel - Corylus avellana Betulaceae - winter. Height to 6m. Multi-stemmed shrub, or short tree. Bark Smooth, shiny, peeling into papery strips. Branches Upright to spreading. Twigs with stiff hairs, buds oval and smooth. Leaves Rounded, to 10cm long, hairy above; heart-shaped base and pointed tip. Margins double-toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins to 8cm long, pendulous and yellow. Female flowers red and tiny; produce hard-shelled nuts. Status Common, often coppiced.
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  • Small-leaved Elm - Ulmus minor ssp. minor (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 32m. Domed and spreading tree. BARK Greyish brown, scaly and ridged. BRANCHES Usually ascending, often with pendulous masses of shoots. LEAVES Superficially hornbeam-like, leathery, to 15cm long, oval, pointed at tip, with toothed margins; unequal leaf bases, narrowly tapering on short side, and a short petiole. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits are papery. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to S and SE England; once widespread but range and abundance badly affected by Dutch Elm Disease. The ssp. minor includes trees previously (and sometimes still) known as Smooth-leaved Elm.
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  • Huntingdon Elm - Ulmus x vegeta (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Widely spreading tree with a domed crown. BARK Greyish and broken into regular ridges. BRANCHES Main branches are long, straight and upright to spreading. LEAVES Ovate to elliptical with a pointed tip and toothed margins; base is markedly unequal and upper surface of leaf is smooth. Leaves are rather similar to those of Wych Elm but with a petiole more than 5mm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruit. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid between Wych Elm and Ulmus glabra, found in East Anglia and central England. However, the true native distribution is obscured because cultivars, raised from the same parents, are widely planted. COMMENTS The cultivar known as ‘Huntingdon Elm’ is popularly planted and has a degree of resistance to Dutch Elm Disease.
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  • Wych Elm Ulmus glabra Ulmaceae Height to 40m<br />
Spreading tree. Bark Cracked and ridged with age. Branches Main ones spreading. Young twigs have stiff hairs. Leaves Oval, to 18cm long, with tapering tip. Unequal base extends beyond petiole. Reproductive parts Fruits papery, to 2cm long. Status Widespread but much reduced by Dutch Elm Disease; large trees seldom seen nowadays.
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  • Cornish Elm Ulmus minor ssp. angustifolia (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 36m  Narrowly conical and rather open crown. BARK Grey-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Relatively few branches, lowest ones ascending steeply. LEAVES Oval, toothed and relatively small (to 6cm); smooth and leathery above, downy on the midrib below. Leaf is narrow and almost equatl at the base, sometimes concave and with a straight midrib. Petiole is 1cm long and downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Restricted to Cornwall, W Devon; more local elsewhere in West Country and introduce to SW Ireland. Much reduced because of Dutch Elm Disease.
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  • Wild Cherry Prunus avium Rosaceae Height to 30m <br />
Deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Reddish-brown, shiny, with circular lines; peels horizontally into papery strips. Branches Spreading with reddish twigs. Leaves To 15cm long, ovate, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, in clusters of 2–6. Fruits to 2cm long, rounded, ripening dark-purple, sometimes yellowish. Status Widespread native.
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  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
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