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  • ORANGE BIRD’S-FOOT Ornithopus pinnatus (Height to 20cm) is a straggly annual, similar to Bird’s-foot but with orange-yellow flowers (Apr-Sep). It grows on maritime heath and is easiest to find on Tresco; it also occurs on the Channel Islands.
    140327.jpg
  • Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus subbiflorus (Fabaceae) Height to 25cm Rather straggly, branched and densely hairy annual. Flowers 5-10mm long, in heads of 3 or 4  flowers. Fruit is a pod 15mm long. Leaves are trefoil. Scarce and local, mainliy S and SW England. On sand and gravel.
    143532.jpg
  • NARROW-FRUITED CORNSALAD Valerianella dentata (Valerianaceae) Height to 30cm. Similar to Broad-fruited Cornsalad but straggly and with different shaped fruits. Grows in arable fields on chalky soils. FLOWERS are 1-2mm across, the corolla lilac and 5-lobed; in few-flowered clusters (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are narrow-ovoid, flat on one side, round on the other. LEAVES are spoon-shaped to oblong. STATUS-SE England only.
    131467.jpg
  • MARSH STITCHWORT Stellaria palustris (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 60cm. Rather straggly perennial of fens and marshes. Similar to Greater Stitchwort but with smooth stems and smooth-edged leaves. FLOWERS are white with 5 deeply notched petals and 12-20mm across (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green and narrow. STATUS-Extremely local.
    131246.jpg
  • CUT-LEAVED CRANE’S-BILL Geranium dissectum (Geraniaceae) Height to 45cm. Straggly, hairy annual found on disturbed ground and cultivated soils. FLOWERS are 8-10mm across with pink, notched petals; borne on short stalks (May-Sep). FRUITS are downy. LEAVES are deeply dissected to the base, the lobes narrow and jagged. STATUS-Generally common throughout although scarce in N Scotland.
    130924.jpg
  • COMMON COW-WHEAT - Melampyrum pratense (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 35cm. Variable but typically straggly annual that is semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grows on heaths and along woodland rides, and found mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are 10-18mm long, the corolla pale yellow and flattened laterally, 2-lipped but with the mouth almost closed; in pairs, arising from axils of toothed, leaf-like bracts, these borne in spikes (May-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, shiny and in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    131213.jpg
  • Wire Plant MUEHLENBECKIA COMPLEXA Height to 3m<br />
Straggly, spreading plant with reddish, wiry stems. Often smothers other plants. Flowers are small and whitish. Fruits are white berries. Leaves are small and oval. Status-Native of New Zealand, introduced and grown in gardens. Naturalised on Isles of Scilly.
    144700.jpg
  • WOOD DOCK Rumex sanguineus (Polygonaceae) Height to 1m. Upright, straggly and branched perennial of grassy woodland rides and shady meadows. FLOWERS are borne in spikes; leafy only at the base (Jun-Aug). FRUITS have a single elongated wart. LEAVES are oval; basal ones are heart-shaped at base, sometimes red-veined and never waisted. STATUS-Widespread and common, mainly absent from Scotland.
    141472.jpg
  • WILD MADDER Rubia peregrina (Rubiaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Straggly, bedstraw-like perennial; 4-angled stems have backward-pointing bristles on the angles. Grows in hedgerows and scrub and mainly coastal. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across, yellowish green and 5-lobed; in small clusters arising from leaf axils (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are black, spherical berries. LEAVES are dark green, shiny and leathery with prickles on the margins and midrib below. STATUS-Local, mainly coastal and in S.
    132393.jpg
  • BOG BILBERRY Vaccinium uliginosum (Ericaceae) Height to 70cm. Rather straggly, deciduous undershrub with round, brown twigs. Found on damp moorland and mountain ledges. FLOWERS are 6mm long, globular urn-shaped and pale pink; borne in clusters (May-Jun). FRUITS are globular, bluish black berries. LEAVES are ovate, bluish green and untoothed. STATUS-Local, in N England and Scotland.
    131765.jpg
  • Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes Height to 80cm<br />
Straggly, poisonous and foetid annual. Grows on disturbed ground. Flowers are bell-shaped, 3-4cm across and bluish-lilac with a white centre; they open only briefly, June-September. Fruits are berries enclosed in a capsule. Leaves are oval and pointed. Status-Naturalised and scarce.
    135494.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133822.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133639.jpg
  • ORANGE BIRD’S-FOOT Ornithopus pinnatus (Height to 20cm) is a straggly annual, similar to Bird’s-foot but with orange-yellow flowers (Apr-Sep). It grows on maritime heath and is easiest to find on Tresco; it also occurs on the Channel Islands.
    140326.jpg
  • CORN MINT Mentha arvensis (Lamiaceae) Height to 30cm<br />
Upright but rather straggly, hairy perennial that grows in damp arable land, and on paths and disturbed ground. Has a strong and rather pungent smell of mint. FLOWERS are 3-4mm long and lilac; borne in dense whorls at intervals along the stem and not terminally (May-Oct). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are toothed, oval and short-stalked. STATUS-Widespread and generally common.
    131914.jpg
  • THREE-NERVED SANDWORT Moehringia trinervia (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 40cm. Straggly, downy annual of undisturbed woodlands. FLOWERS are white, 5-petalled and 14-16mm across; borne on long stalks (Apr-Jul). White-margined greens sepals are twice the length of the petals. FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are ovate, with 3-5 obvious veins beneath. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    130752.jpg
  • FEN BEDSTRAW Galium uliginosum (Rubiaceae) Height to 70cm. Straggly and slender perennial with rough stems that have backward-pointing bristles on the edges. Found in damp, grassy places, mainly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 2-3mm across, white and 4-petalled; in open, few-flowered clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are wrinkled, brown nutlets. LEAVES are narrow, spine-tipped and have backward-pointing marginal bristles; borne in whorls of 6-8. STATUS-Widespread but local.
    131404.jpg
  • HENBIT DEAD-NETTLE Lamium amplexicaule (Lamiaceae) Height to 20cm. A trailing, branched and often rather straggly annual. Grows on cultivated soil and disturbed ground, typically in dry locations. FLOWERS are 15-20mm long and pinkish purple with a hairy lip and long corolla tube; borne in widely spaced whorls (Mar-Nov). Only a few flowers in a given whorl open at any one time, and some remain small and closed. FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are rounded and blunt-toothed, the upper ones almost unstalked. STATUS-Widespread but only locally common and least so in the N.
    130991.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133644.jpg
  • French Tamarisk Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Straggly, windswept tree. BARK Purplish-brown. BRANCHES Numerous and fine. LEAVES Greenish-blue, scale-like, to 2mm long, clasping young shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Minute pink, 5-petalled flowers, in tapering racemes, to 2.5cm long; each petal is less than 2mm long. Seeds are wind-dispersed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to SW Europe; long-established in our region, planted as a windbreak, or for soil stabilization.
    132437.jpg
  • French Tamarisk Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Straggly, windswept tree. BARK Purplish-brown. BRANCHES Numerous and fine. LEAVES Greenish-blue, scale-like, to 2mm long, clasping young shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Minute pink, 5-petalled flowers, in tapering racemes, to 2.5cm long; each petal is less than 2mm long. Seeds are wind-dispersed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to SW Europe; long-established in our region, planted as a windbreak, or for soil stabilization.
    132413.jpg
  • SAINFOIN Onobrychis viciifolia (Fabaceae) Height to 75cm<br />
Distinctive, straggly and slightly downy perennial. Found in dry, calcareous grassland. FLOWERS are pink and red-veined; in conical spikes up to 80cm long (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are oval, warty pods. LEAVES comprise 6-14 pairs of oval leaflets. STATUS-Possibly native in SE England but a relict of cultivation elsewhere.
    132014.jpg
  • WOOD DOCK Rumex sanguineus (Polygonaceae) Height to 1m. Upright, straggly and branched perennial of grassy woodland rides and shady meadows. FLOWERS are borne in spikes; leafy only at the base (Jun-Aug). FRUITS have a single elongated wart. LEAVES are oval; basal ones are heart-shaped at base, sometimes red-veined and never waisted. STATUS-Widespread and common, mainly absent from Scotland.
    131391.jpg
  • AINFOIN Onobrychis viciifolia (Fabaceae) Height to 75cm<br />
Distinctive, straggly and slightly downy perennial. Found in dry, calcareous grassland. FLOWERS are pink and red-veined; in conical spikes up to 80cm long (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are oval, warty pods. LEAVES comprise 6-14 pairs of oval leaflets. STATUS-Possibly native in SE England but a relict of cultivation elsewhere.
    132015.jpg
  • FEN BEDSTRAW Galium uliginosum (Rubiaceae) Height to 70cm. Straggly and slender perennial with rough stems that have backward-pointing bristles on the edges. Found in damp, grassy places, mainly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 2-3mm across, white and 4-petalled; in open, few-flowered clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are wrinkled, brown nutlets. LEAVES are narrow, spine-tipped and have backward-pointing marginal bristles; borne in whorls of 6-8. STATUS-Widespread but local.
    131402.jpg
  • BLACK HOREHOUND Ballota nigra (Lamiaceae) Height to 50cm. Straggly, bushy and hairy perennial that has a pungent and unpleasant smell when bruised. Grows on disturbed ground and roadside verges. FLOWERS are 12-18mm long and pinkish purple with a concave upper lip; borne in whorls with striking calyx teeth (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are stalked and ovate or heart-shaped. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in England and Wales but scarce or absent elsewhere.
    131341.jpg
  • SMALL BALSAM Impatiens parviflora (Balsaminaceae) Height to 1.5m. Slender and rather straggly hairless annual of shady, disturbed ground and waste places. FLOWERS are 13-16mm long and yellow with a rather straight spur (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are explosive capsules. LEAVES are oval with 20-35 teeth on both sides. STATUS-Introduced and naturalised locally, mainly in England and Wales.
    132180.jpg
  • BROOKLIME Veronica beccabunga (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 30cm. Straggly, hairless perennial with creeping stems that root at the nodes, and upright flowering stems. Grow in shallow, standing water and damp ground. FLOWERS are 7-8mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and blue; borne in pairs that arise from leaf axils (May-Sep). FRUITS are flattened, rounded capsules. LEAVES are oval, fleshy and short-stalked. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region.
    130910.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133637.jpg
  • French Tamarisk Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Straggly, windswept tree. BARK Purplish-brown. BRANCHES Numerous and fine. LEAVES Greenish-blue, scale-like, to 2mm long, clasping young shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Minute pink, 5-petalled flowers, in tapering racemes, to 2.5cm long; each petal is less than 2mm long. Seeds are wind-dispersed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to SW Europe; long-established in our region, planted as a windbreak, or for soil stabilization.
    132414.jpg
  • ST DABEOC’S HEATH Daboecia cantabrica (Ericaceae) Height to 60cm. Hairy, evergreen and rather straggly undershrub. Found on dry heaths on acid soils. FLOWERS are 10-14mm long, elongate egg-shaped, pinkish purple and nodding; borne in open, terminal spikes (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow-ovate, with down-rolled margins; dark green and hairy above but white below. STATUS-Restricted to heaths in W Ireland but locally common in places.
    131354.jpg
  • COMMON COW-WHEAT Melampyrum arvense (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 35cm. Variable but typically straggly annual that is semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grows on heaths and along woodland rides, and found mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are 10-18mm long, the corolla pale yellow and flattened laterally, 2-lipped but with the mouth almost closed; in pairs, arising from axils of toothed, leaf-like bracts, these borne in spikes (May-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, shiny and in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    131224.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133689.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    132883.jpg
  • WILD MADDER Rubia peregrina (Rubiaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Straggly, bedstraw-like perennial; 4-angled stems have backward-pointing bristles on the angles. Grows in hedgerows and scrub and mainly coastal. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across, yellowish green and 5-lobed; in small clusters arising from leaf axils (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are black, spherical berries. LEAVES are dark green, shiny and leathery with prickles on the margins and midrib below. STATUS-Local, mainly coastal and in S.
    131472.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133657.jpg
  • French Tamarisk Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Straggly, windswept tree. BARK Purplish-brown. BRANCHES Numerous and fine. LEAVES Greenish-blue, scale-like, to 2mm long, clasping young shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Minute pink, 5-petalled flowers, in tapering racemes, to 2.5cm long; each petal is less than 2mm long. Seeds are wind-dispersed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to SW Europe; long-established in our region, planted as a windbreak, or for soil stabilization.
    132418.jpg
  • French Tamarisk Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Straggly, windswept tree. BARK Purplish-brown. BRANCHES Numerous and fine. LEAVES Greenish-blue, scale-like, to 2mm long, clasping young shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Minute pink, 5-petalled flowers, in tapering racemes, to 2.5cm long; each petal is less than 2mm long. Seeds are wind-dispersed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to SW Europe; long-established in our region, planted as a windbreak, or for soil stabilization.
    132412.jpg
  • SCENTLESS MAYWEED Tripleurospermum inodorum (Asteraceae) Height to 75cm. Scentless, hairless and often rather straggly perennial of disturbed and cultivated ground. FLOWERS are borne in clusters of solitary, long-stalked heads, 20-40mm across, comprising yellow disc florets and white ray florets (Apr-Oct). No scales between disc florets. Receptacle is domed and solid. FRUITS are achenes tipped with black oil glands. LEAVES are feathery and much-divided. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    131414.jpg
  • Wire Plant MUEHLENBECKIA COMPLEXA Height to 3m<br />
Straggly, spreading plant with reddish, wiry stems. Often smothers other plants. Flowers are small and whitish. Fruits are white berries. Leaves are small and oval. Status-Native of New Zealand, introduced and grown in gardens. Naturalised on Isles of Scilly.
    143241.jpg
  • WOOD DOCK Rumex sanguineus (Polygonaceae) Height to 1m. Upright, straggly and branched perennial of grassy woodland rides and shady meadows. FLOWERS are borne in spikes; leafy only at the base (Jun-Aug). FRUITS have a single elongated wart. LEAVES are oval; basal ones are heart-shaped at base, sometimes red-veined and never waisted. STATUS-Widespread and common, mainly absent from Scotland.
    131963.jpg
  • RED BARTSIA Odontites vernus (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 40cm. Straggly, branched and downy annual with stems often tinged reddish. Semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grows on disturbed ground, tracks and verges, and in arable field margins. FLOWERS are 8-10mm long, the corolla pinkish purple and 2-lipped, the lower lip 3-lobed; borne in 1-sided, elongated and slightly curved spikes (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, toothed, unstalked and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout the region.
    131817.jpg
  • BLACK NIGHTSHADE Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) Height to 60cm. Straggly annual that is usually hairless; stems sometimes blackish. Grows in cultivated and disturbed soils. FLOWERS are 7-10mm across with white corolla lobes and projecting yellow anthers; borne in pendent clusters of 5-10 flowers (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are spherical berries, green at first but ripening black, and not partly concealed by sepals. LEAVES are oval and toothed. STATUS-Locally common in S only.
    131784.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133749.jpg
  • Dutch Elm Ulmus x hollandica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Tall and rather straggly hybrid tree.  BARK Brown, cracking into small, shallow plates. BRANCHES Higher branches are longer than ones lower down, and are spreading. LEAVES Oval, toothed, to 15cm long, sometimes buckled. Leaf base is only slightly unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A naturally occurring hybrid, whose parents are presumed to include Wych Elm, Plot’s Elm and Ulmus minor. Has a scattered range across southern England and south-west Wales and is found in hedgerows in lowland districts.
    133638.jpg
  • French Tamarisk Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Straggly, windswept tree. BARK Purplish-brown. BRANCHES Numerous and fine. LEAVES Greenish-blue, scale-like, to 2mm long, clasping young shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Minute pink, 5-petalled flowers, in tapering racemes, to 2.5cm long; each petal is less than 2mm long. Seeds are wind-dispersed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to SW Europe; long-established in our region, planted as a windbreak, or for soil stabilization.
    132417.jpg
  • Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes Height to 80cm<br />
Straggly, poisonous and foetid annual. Grows on disturbed ground. Flowers are bell-shaped, 3-4cm across and bluish-lilac with a white centre; they open only briefly, June-September. Fruits are berries enclosed in a capsule. Leaves are oval and pointed. Status-Naturalised and scarce.
    135493.jpg
  • BLACK NIGHTSHADE Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) Height to 60cm. Straggly annual that is usually hairless; stems sometimes blackish. Grows in cultivated and disturbed soils. FLOWERS are 7-10mm across with white corolla lobes and projecting yellow anthers; borne in pendent clusters of 5-10 flowers (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are spherical berries, green at first but ripening black, and not partly concealed by sepals. LEAVES are oval and toothed. STATUS-Locally common in S only.
    131785.jpg
  • NARROW-FRUITED CORNSALAD Valerianella dentata (Valerianaceae) Height to 30cm. Similar to Broad-fruited Cornsalad but straggly and with different shaped fruits. Grows in arable fields on chalky soils. FLOWERS are 1-2mm across, the corolla lilac and 5-lobed; in few-flowered clusters (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are narrow-ovoid, flat on one side, round on the other. LEAVES are spoon-shaped to oblong. STATUS-SE England only.
    131466.jpg
  • SCENTLESS MAYWEED Tripleurospermum inodorum (Asteraceae) Height to 75cm. Scentless, hairless and often rather straggly perennial of disturbed and cultivated ground. FLOWERS are borne in clusters of solitary, long-stalked heads, 20-40mm across, comprising yellow disc florets and white ray florets (Apr-Oct). No scales between disc florets. Receptacle is domed and solid. FRUITS are achenes tipped with black oil glands. LEAVES are feathery and much-divided. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    131425.jpg
  • THREE-NERVED SANDWORT Moehringia trinervia (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 40cm. Straggly, downy annual of undisturbed woodlands. FLOWERS are white, 5-petalled and 14-16mm across; borne on long stalks (Apr-Jul). White-margined greens sepals are twice the length of the petals. FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are ovate, with 3-5 obvious veins beneath. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    130749.jpg
  • Wire Plant MUEHLENBECKIA COMPLEXA Height to 3m<br />
Straggly, spreading plant with reddish, wiry stems. Often smothers other plants. Flowers are small and whitish. Fruits are white berries. Leaves are small and oval. Status-Native of New Zealand, introduced and grown in gardens. Naturalised on Isles of Scilly.
    143240.jpg
  • GREY FIELD-SPEEDWELL Veronica polita (Scrophulariaceae) Prostrate. Straggling, hairy and branched perennial. Similar to Common Field-speedwell; note differences in flower and leaf colour. Grows in cultivated ground, often on chalky soil. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and entirely blue; solitary and borne on stalks arising from leaf axils (Mar-Nov). FRUITS are flattened and broad capsules with rounded lobes. LEAVES are grey-green, oval, deeply toothed and paired. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common throughout the region, least so in the N.
    132027.jpg
  • SEA ROCKET Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) Height to 25cm<br />
Straggling, fleshy and hairless annual found on sandy and shingle beaches. FLOWERS are 6-12mm across, pink or pale lilac and borne in terminal clusters (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are waisted pods, the upper half largest. LEAVES are shiny and pinnately lobed. STATUS-Widespread and locally common around coasts of Britain and Ireland.
    131725.jpg
  • SEA ROCKET Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) Height to 25cm<br />
Straggling, fleshy and hairless annual found on sandy and shingle beaches. FLOWERS are 6-12mm across, pink or pale lilac and borne in terminal clusters (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are waisted pods, the upper half largest. LEAVES are shiny and pinnately lobed. STATUS-Widespread and locally common around coasts of Britain and Ireland.
    131733.jpg
  • Red Bartsia - Odontites vernus
    162293.jpg
  • Wood Dock - Rumex sanguineus
    162285.jpg
  • COMMON MARSH-BEDSTRAW Galium palustre (Rubiaceae) Height to 70cm. Delicate, straggling perennial with rather rough stems. Grows in damp, grassy places. FLOWERS are 3-4mm across, white and 4-petalled; borne in open clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are wrinkled nutlets. LEAVES are narrow, widest towards the tip and not bristle-tipped; in whorls of 4-6. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout the region.
    131222.jpg
  • ANNUAL PEARLWORT Sagina apetala (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 8cm. Straggling, wiry annual of short, dry grassland and bare ground, usually on sandy soils. No basal rosette. FLOWERS have minute greenish petals and 4 longer greenish sepals that spread in fruit; borne on long stems (Apr-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, bristle-tipped, with hairy margins. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    131073.jpg
  • Plot's Elm - Ulmus plotii
    134050.jpg
  • Henbit Dead-nettle - Lamium amplexicaule
    162301.jpg
  • SEA ROCKET Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) Height to 25cm<br />
Straggling, fleshy and hairless annual found on sandy and shingle beaches. FLOWERS are 6-12mm across, pink or pale lilac and borne in terminal clusters (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are waisted pods, the upper half largest. LEAVES are shiny and pinnately lobed. STATUS-Widespread and locally common around coasts of Britain and Ireland.
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  • SAND SPURREY Spergularia rubra (Caryophyllaceae) Prostrate. Straggling, stickily hairy annual or biennial. Found dry, sandy ground. FLOWERS are pink and 3-5mm across; 5 petals are shorter than sepals (May-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green, narrow and bristle-tipped; borne in whorls with silvery, lanceolate stipules. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
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  • COMMON FIELD-SPEEDWELL Veronica persica (Scrophulariaceae) Prostrate. Straggling, hairy and branched annual with reddish stems. Grows on bare soil, cultivated arable fields and disturbed ground. FLOWERS are 6-8mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and mainly pale blue, but with white on the lower lip; solitary and borne on rather long, slender stalks that arise from the leaf axils (Jan-Dec). FRUITS are broad, flattened capsules, with keeled lobes. LEAVES are pale green, oval, toothed and borne in pairs. STATUS-Probably not native but now widespread and common.
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  • GREY FIELD-SPEEDWELL Veronica polita (Scrophulariaceae) Prostrate. Straggling, hairy and branched perennial. Similar to Common Field-speedwell; note differences in flower and leaf colour. Grows in cultivated ground, often on chalky soil. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and entirely blue; solitary and borne on stalks arising from leaf axils (Mar-Nov). FRUITS are flattened and broad capsules with rounded lobes. LEAVES are grey-green, oval, deeply toothed and paired. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common throughout the region, least so in the N.
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  • Common Cow-wheat - Melampyrum pratense
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  • Common Cow-wheat - Melampyrum pratense
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  • Corn Mint - Mentha arvensis
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  • Black Nightshade - Solanum nigrum
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  • Red Pine Pinus resinosa (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Straggly evergreen, very similar to Scots Pine. BARK Reddish and scaly. BRANCHES Usually drooping. LEAVES 10-15cm long, longer and more slender than those of Scots Pine and widely spaced with the unique characteristic of snapping easily when bent in a curve. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are reddish brown and ovoid. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTIOIN Native of Great Lakes area of USA and Canada, occasionally planted here.
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  • VENUS’S-LOOKING-GLASS Legousia hybrida (Campanulaceae) Height to 40cm. Hairy perennial, typically rather straggly in its growing habit. Found in arable fields, typically on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 5-10mm across; purple colour is revealed only when 5-lobed corolla opens flat only in bright sunshine; closes tight (and looks pale) at other times (May-Aug). FRUITS are long, narrow and tapering capsules. LEAVES are oblong and wavy; upper ones stalkless, lower ones short-talked. STATUS-Occurs locally almost entirely in S and E England (formerly much more common).
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  • Plum-leaved Crab Malus prunifolia (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. An upright tree, that becomes rather straggly when neglected or naturalised. BARK Greyish brown with striking fissures. BRANCHES Dense and irregularly divided. LEAVES Broadly oval and plum-like, to 7cm long, shiny above but rather hairy below when young. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are up to 5cm across and pinkish, in dense clusters among terminal leaves on shoots. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Probably of E Asian origin. Planted rather infrequently in parks and gardens in Britain and Ireland, and very occasionally naturalised.
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  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m  Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
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  • SMALL COW-WHEAT Melampyrum sylvaticum (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 25cm. Variable, straggly annual; semi-parasitic on roots of other plants. Grows in upland birch or pine woodlands. FLOWERS are 8-10mm long, the corolla deep yellow and 2-lipped, the mouth opening widely and the lower lip curved down; borne in pairs arising from the axils of leaf-like bracts that are barely toothed (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow-oval. STATUS-Very local in Scotland and N Ireland.
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  • COWBERRY Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Ericaceae)  Height to 20cm. Straggly, evergreen undershrub, with round twigs that are downy when young. Found on moors and in woodland on acid soils. FLOWERS are 5-6mm long, bell-shaped and pink; borne in drooping terminal clusters (May-Jun). FRUITS are shiny, bright red berries, up to 1cm across. LEAVES are leathery, oval and untoothed; they are dark green above but paler below.
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  • Spanish (Hedgehog) Fir Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Shapely at first, becoming open-crowned and straggly with age. BARK Dark grey. LEAVES Bluish-grey, usually blunt, needles, to 1.5cm long, densely arranged all around twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small male flowers red, opening yellow; female flowers green, in upright clusters above shoot. Cones cylindrical, tapering, upright and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare native of Sierra Nevada in S Spain. Sometimes planted for ornament here; tolerates calcareous soils.
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  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m  Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
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  • Slender Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus angustissimus (Fabaceae) Height to 25cm Rather straggly, branched and densely hairy annual. Flowers 5-12mm long, in heads of 1 or 2 flowers. Fruit is a pod 15-25mm long. Leaves are trefoil. Scarce and local, mainliy S and SW England. On sand and gravel.
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  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m  Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
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  • WOOD DOCK Rumex sanguineus (Polygonaceae) Height to 1m. Upright, straggly and branched perennial of grassy woodland rides and shady meadows. FLOWERS are borne in spikes; leafy only at the base (Jun-Aug). FRUITS have a single elongated wart. LEAVES are oval; basal ones are heart-shaped at base, sometimes red-veined and never waisted. STATUS-Widespread and common, mainly absent from Scotland.
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  • Spanish (Hedgehog) Fir Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Shapely at first, becoming open-crowned and straggly with age. BARK Dark grey. LEAVES Bluish-grey, usually blunt, needles, to 1.5cm long, densely arranged all around twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small male flowers red, opening yellow; female flowers green, in upright clusters above shoot. Cones cylindrical, tapering, upright and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare native of Sierra Nevada in S Spain. Sometimes planted for ornament here; tolerates calcareous soils.
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  • COMMON WATER-STARWORT Callitriche stagnalis (Callitrichaceae) Aquatic. Variable and rather straggly water plant with slender stems. Grows in still and slow-flowing freshwater, and on the drying muddy margins of pools in summer. FLOWERS are minute, green, petal-less and borne at the base of the leaves (May-Aug). FRUITS are tiny with 4 segments. LEAVES are narrow-oval; those at the water’s surface form a floating rosette. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout the region.
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  • Spanish (Hedgehog) Fir Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Shapely at first, becoming open-crowned and straggly with age. BARK Dark grey. LEAVES Bluish-grey, usually blunt, needles, to 1.5cm long, densely arranged all around twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small male flowers red, opening yellow; female flowers green, in upright clusters above shoot. Cones cylindrical, tapering, upright and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare native of Sierra Nevada in S Spain. Sometimes planted for ornament here; tolerates calcareous soils.
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  • Red Pine Pinus resinosa (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Straggly evergreen, very similar to Scots Pine. BARK Reddish and scaly. BRANCHES Usually drooping. LEAVES 10-15cm long, longer and more slender than those of Scots Pine and widely spaced with the unique characteristic of snapping easily when bent in a curve. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are reddish brown and ovoid. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTIOIN Native of Great Lakes area of USA and Canada, occasionally planted here.
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  • Plum-leaved Crab Malus prunifolia (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. An upright tree, that becomes rather straggly when neglected or naturalised. BARK Greyish brown with striking fissures. BRANCHES Dense and irregularly divided. LEAVES Broadly oval and plum-like, to 7cm long, shiny above but rather hairy below when young. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are up to 5cm across and pinkish, in dense clusters among terminal leaves on shoots. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Probably of E Asian origin. Planted rather infrequently in parks and gardens in Britain and Ireland, and very occasionally naturalised.
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  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m  Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
    130284.jpg
  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m  Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
    126729.jpg
  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m  Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
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  • WOOD STITCHWORT Stellaria nemorum (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 60cm. Rather straggly perennial with hairy stems. Found in damp woodland. FLOWERS are white and 15-20mm across, the petals deeply divided into narrow lobes (May-Aug). Petals are twice as long as sepals. FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are oval and pointed; the lower ones are stalked, the upper ones sessile. STATUS-Widespread but local.
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  • OXFORD RAGWORT Senecio squalidus (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Annual or perennial that is much branched from the base, typically forming a straggly, spreading plant. Grows in disturbed ground and characteristic of railway tracks, verges and waste ground. FLOWERS are yellow and borne in heads, 15-25mm across; these are carried in clusters (May-Dec). Note the black-tipped bracts. FRUITS are downy. LEAVES are pinnate with a pointed end lobe.
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  • Spanish (Hedgehog) Fir Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Shapely at first, becoming open-crowned and straggly with age. BARK Dark grey. LEAVES Bluish-grey, usually blunt, needles, to 1.5cm long, densely arranged all around twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small male flowers red, opening yellow; female flowers green, in upright clusters above shoot. Cones cylindrical, tapering, upright and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare native of Sierra Nevada in S Spain. Sometimes planted for ornament here; tolerates calcareous soils.
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  • Plum-leaved Crab Malus prunifolia (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. An upright tree, that becomes rather straggly when neglected or naturalised. BARK Greyish brown with striking fissures. BRANCHES Dense and irregularly divided. LEAVES Broadly oval and plum-like, to 7cm long, shiny above but rather hairy below when young. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are up to 5cm across and pinkish, in dense clusters among terminal leaves on shoots. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Probably of E Asian origin. Planted rather infrequently in parks and gardens in Britain and Ireland, and very occasionally naturalised.
    133737.jpg
  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m  Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
    133341.jpg
  • Spanish (Hedgehog) Fir Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Shapely at first, becoming open-crowned and straggly with age. BARK Dark grey. LEAVES Bluish-grey, usually blunt, needles, to 1.5cm long, densely arranged all around twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small male flowers red, opening yellow; female flowers green, in upright clusters above shoot. Cones cylindrical, tapering, upright and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare native of Sierra Nevada in S Spain. Sometimes planted for ornament here; tolerates calcareous soils.
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  • ORANGE BIRD’S-FOOT Ornithopus pinnatus (Height to 20cm) is a straggly annual, similar to Bird’s-foot but with orange-yellow flowers (Apr-Sep). It grows on maritime heath and is easiest to find on Tresco; it also occurs on the Channel Islands.
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  • Black-poplar Populus nigra ssp. betulifolia (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 32m Large, spreading tree when fully mature, with a domed crown and thick, blackish, gnarled bole covered with distinctive burrs and tuberous growths. Rather straggly, however, when growing among other trees in woods. SHOOTS And buds are<br />
smooth and golden-brown when young. LEAVES Triangular and long-stalked with a finely toothed margin and are fresh shiny green on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins are pendulous and reddish, female catkins are greenish. Both appear in April. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of our region, preferring heavier soils and damp conditions. Tolerates pollution so sometimes planted in cities. It is known in the north of England as ‘Manchester Poplar’.
    130290.jpg
  • Spanish (Hedgehog) Fir Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Shapely at first, becoming open-crowned and straggly with age. BARK Dark grey. LEAVES Bluish-grey, usually blunt, needles, to 1.5cm long, densely arranged all around twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small male flowers red, opening yellow; female flowers green, in upright clusters above shoot. Cones cylindrical, tapering, upright and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare native of Sierra Nevada in S Spain. Sometimes planted for ornament here; tolerates calcareous soils.
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  • ALPINE MILK-VETCH Astragalus alpinus (Height to 15cm) is a straggly, spreading perennial. The leaves comprise 7-15 pairs of leaflets and the flowers are pale blue and borne in clustered heads on stalks (Jul-Aug). It is a rare plant found on mountains in central Scotland.
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  • Red Pine Pinus resinosa (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Straggly evergreen, very similar to Scots Pine. BARK Reddish and scaly. BRANCHES Usually drooping. LEAVES 10-15cm long, longer and more slender than those of Scots Pine and widely spaced with the unique characteristic of snapping easily when bent in a curve. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are reddish brown and ovoid. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTIOIN Native of Great Lakes area of USA and Canada, occasionally planted here.
    134867.jpg
  • Spanish (Hedgehog) Fir Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Shapely at first, becoming open-crowned and straggly with age. BARK Dark grey. LEAVES Bluish-grey, usually blunt, needles, to 1.5cm long, densely arranged all around twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Small male flowers red, opening yellow; female flowers green, in upright clusters above shoot. Cones cylindrical, tapering, upright and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare native of Sierra Nevada in S Spain. Sometimes planted for ornament here; tolerates calcareous soils.
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