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  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    134676.jpg
  • Cliff Whitebeam Sorbus rupicola (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 6m<br />
A small tree, and often little more than a shrub (lumped within S. aria agg. by some authors). LEAVES Narrowly obovate with shallow, sharply-toothed lobes conspicuous only on distal third of leaf; teeth curve on the outer edge and are all directed towards the apex. Leaves are densely woolly underneath and there are 7-9 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits ripen bright red, to 15mm long with many lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Scattered across north and west Britain, found mainly on limestone.
    135432.jpg
  • Chilean Incense Cedar Austrocedrus chilensis (Height to 15m) is similar to Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens but less regular in outline. Sprays of foliage are very flattened and do not always show the white stripes seen in Incense Cedar. More tender and shorter-lived than Incense Cedar, so only thrives in the west of Britain and Ireland.
    135045.jpg
  • Chilean Incense Cedar Austrocedrus chilensis (Height to 15m) is similar to Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens but less regular in outline. Sprays of foliage are very flattened and do not always show the white stripes seen in Incense Cedar. More tender and shorter-lived than Incense Cedar, so only thrives in the west of Britain and Ireland.
    135044.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    134997.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    134996.jpg
  • Chilean Incense Cedar Austrocedrus chilensis (Height to 15m) is similar to Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens but less regular in outline. Sprays of foliage are very flattened and do not always show the white stripes seen in Incense Cedar. More tender and shorter-lived than Incense Cedar, so only thrives in the west of Britain and Ireland.
    134964.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    134677.jpg
  • Cliff Whitebeam Sorbus rupicola (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 6m<br />
A small tree, and often little more than a shrub (lumped within S. aria agg. by some authors). LEAVES Narrowly obovate with shallow, sharply-toothed lobes conspicuous only on distal third of leaf; teeth curve on the outer edge and are all directed towards the apex. Leaves are densely woolly underneath and there are 7-9 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits ripen bright red, to 15mm long with many lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Scattered across north and west Britain, found mainly on limestone.
    134641.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    134630.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen in its native California, and even in Britain it has grown to become the tallest tree in many areas. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches, which may not start for several metres above the ground, are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California, where it grows in groves on the western slopes of the mountains. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    133265.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen in its native California, and even in Britain it has grown to become the tallest tree in many areas. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches, which may not start for several metres above the ground, are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California, where it grows in groves on the western slopes of the mountains. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    132859.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen in its native California, and even in Britain it has grown to become the tallest tree in many areas. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches, which may not start for several metres above the ground, are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California, where it grows in groves on the western slopes of the mountains. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    132858.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    132696.jpg
  • Cliff Whitebeam Sorbus rupicola (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 6m<br />
A small tree, and often little more than a shrub (lumped within S. aria agg. by some authors). LEAVES Narrowly obovate with shallow, sharply-toothed lobes conspicuous only on distal third of leaf; teeth curve on the outer edge and are all directed towards the apex. Leaves are densely woolly underneath and there are 7-9 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits ripen bright red, to 15mm long with many lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Scattered across north and west Britain, found mainly on limestone.
    132658.jpg
  • TWO-FLOWERED RUSH Juncus biglumis. Height to 15cm. Has thread-like leaves and a head comprising just two dark brown flowers, one above the other (June-July). Restricted to a few sites on bare, base-rich damp ground in mountains in the west.
    131650.jpg
  • Mediterranean Mallow - Lavatera olbia (Height to 1.5m) Branched, perennial shrub; young stems downy. Leaves with 3-5 lobes and stalked. Flowers pink and 3-4cm across; brown in spike-like clusters, May-August. Favours damp, disturbed ground. Widespread in west Mediterranean.
    116757.jpg
  • Cornish Elm Ulmus minor ssp. angustifolia (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 36m  Narrowly conical and rather open crown. BARK Grey-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Relatively few branches, lowest ones ascending steeply. LEAVES Oval, toothed and relatively small (to 6cm); smooth and leathery above, downy on the midrib below. Leaf is narrow and almost equatl at the base, sometimes concave and with a straight midrib. Petiole is 1cm long and downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Restricted to Cornwall, W Devon; more local elsewhere in West Country and introduce to SW Ireland. Much reduced because of Dutch Elm Disease.
    134052.jpg
  • The breakwater at the Arun estuary at Littlehampton, West Sussex takes a battering during the gales of early 2014
    155663.jpg
  • Storm clouds rage over the south coast at Climping Beach near Littlehampton in West Sussex as yet another low pressure system races in.
    155664.jpg
  • Coastal cliffs on the west side of Lundy, Devon
    155453.jpg
  • West side of Lundy, Devon
    155455.jpg
  • Mudflats, Pagham Harbour, West Sussex, UK
    133449.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    121358.jpg
  • Cornish Elm Ulmus minor ssp. angustifolia (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 36m  Narrowly conical and rather open crown. BARK Grey-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Relatively few branches, lowest ones ascending steeply. LEAVES Oval, toothed and relatively small (to 6cm); smooth and leathery above, downy on the midrib below. Leaf is narrow and almost equatl at the base, sometimes concave and with a straight midrib. Petiole is 1cm long and downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Restricted to Cornwall, W Devon; more local elsewhere in West Country and introduce to SW Ireland. Much reduced because of Dutch Elm Disease.
    114084.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen in its native California, and even in Britain it has grown to become the tallest tree in many areas. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches, which may not start for several metres above the ground, are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California, where it grows in groves on the western slopes of the mountains. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    104415.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen in its native California, and even in Britain it has grown to become the tallest tree in many areas. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches, which may not start for several metres above the ground, are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California, where it grows in groves on the western slopes of the mountains. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    103615.jpg
  • West coast of Lundy, Devon
    155419.jpg
  • The west side of Lundy, Devon
    155430.jpg
  • Mudflats, Pagham Harbour, West Sussex, UK
    133450.jpg
  • Mudflats, Pagham Harbour, West Sussex, UK
    133451.jpg
  • Panoramic view from the path to Cat Bells looking west towards Causey Pike and Knott Rigg, Lake District, UK
    154437.jpg
  • Nootka Cypress Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, forming an elegant conical tree. BRANCHES Slightly upturned with pendulous shoots. LEAVES Tough and scale-like. Unpleasant smell when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellow. Cones blue in first year, ripening through green to brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Discovered near Nootka, on Vancouver Island; occurs elsewhere in Pacific North-west. Intolerant of lime-rich soils. COMMENTS Hardy.
    134914.jpg
  • Nootka Cypress Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, forming an elegant conical tree. BRANCHES Slightly upturned with pendulous shoots. LEAVES Tough and scale-like. Unpleasant smell when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellow. Cones blue in first year, ripening through green to brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Discovered near Nootka, on Vancouver Island; occurs elsewhere in Pacific North-west. Intolerant of lime-rich soils. COMMENTS Hardy.
    125549.jpg
  • Wood White Leptidea sinapis Wingspan 40mm. A rather delicate-looking butterfly whose flight is extremely weak. Adult has rounded whitish wings, the forewings of which are dark-tipped; this feature is most noticeable on the upper surface. Double-brooded: adult flies May–June and again June-July. Larva is green with pale stripes; feeds on the leaves of pea family members. Very local in southern and southwest England. The very similar Réal’s Wood White L. reali is found in Ireland.
    102284.jpg
  • GREEK SEA-SPURREY Spergularia bocconei (Caryophyllaceae) Prostrate. Straggling, stickily hairy annual or biennial. Found on bare, sandy ground near the sea. FLOWERS are pink and 2mm across; 5 petals are shorter than sepals (May-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green, narrow and bristle-tipped; borne in whorls with silvery, lanceolate stipules. STATUS-Rare and confined mainly to coastal paths in Cornwall.
    143400.jpg
  • CLUSTERED CLOVER Trifolium glomeratum (Fabaceae) Height to 20cm. Hairless annual of dry, grassy places, often on sand or gravel, especially near the sea. FLOWERS are pink and borne in unstalked, egg-shaped heads (terminal and along stem) that are 15mm long (May-Jul). FRUITS are concealed by calyx. LEAVES are trifoliate with spoon-shaped leaflets that are smooth, with toothed margins. STATUS-Locally common, mainly in coastal districts of S and SW.
    143531.jpg
  • Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus subbiflorus (Fabaceae) Height to 25cm Rather straggly, branched and densely hairy annual. Flowers 5-10mm long, in heads of 3 or 4  flowers. Fruit is a pod 15mm long. Leaves are trefoil. Scarce and local, mainliy S and SW England. On sand and gravel.
    143532.jpg
  • CLUSTERED CLOVER Trifolium glomeratum (Fabaceae) Height to 20cm. Hairless annual of dry, grassy places, often on sand or gravel, especially near the sea. FLOWERS are pink and borne in unstalked, egg-shaped heads (terminal and along stem) that are 15mm long (May-Jul). FRUITS are concealed by calyx. LEAVES are trifoliate with spoon-shaped leaflets that are smooth, with toothed margins. STATUS-Locally common, mainly in coastal districts of S and SW.
    143530.jpg
  • Somerset levels from the air in winter
    157103.jpg
  • Somerset levels from the air in winter
    157102.jpg
  • Lundy Island, Devon, UK
    127915.jpg
  • Portland Undercliff, Dorset, UK
    128737.jpg
  • Portland Bill and Observatory, Dorset, UK
    129463.jpg
  • Sessile Oak Quercus petraea Fagaceae Height to 40m<br />
Sturdy, domed deciduous tree. Bark Grey-brown, fissured. Branches Rather straight and radiating. Buds have long white hairs. Leaves Lobed, dark green with hairs below on veins; on yellow stalks, 1–2.5cm long, and lacking basal auricles. Reproductive parts Flowers are catkins. Acorns egg-shaped, stalkless; sit directly on twig in small clusters. Status Common in W and hilly areas on poor soils.
    144518.jpg
  • Sessile Oak Quercus petraea Fagaceae Height to 40m<br />
Sturdy, domed deciduous tree. Bark Grey-brown, fissured. Branches Rather straight and radiating. Buds have long white hairs. Leaves Lobed, dark green with hairs below on veins; on yellow stalks, 1–2.5cm long, and lacking basal auricles. Reproductive parts Flowers are catkins. Acorns egg-shaped, stalkless; sit directly on twig in small clusters. Status Common in W and hilly areas on poor soils.
    144516.jpg
  • Strawberry Tree Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae) Height to 9m <br />
Small, spreading evergreen tree with a short bole and a dense, domed crown. BARK Reddish, peeling away in shreds that turn brown. BRANCHES Often ascending and twisted; twigs slightly hairy and reddish. LEAVES To 11cm long, with either sharply toothed or entire margins, and a prominent midrib. Dark glossy-green above, paler below; 1cm-long petiole is usually red and hairy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers borne in pendulous clusters late in year at same time as fruits from previous year; flowers white, to 9mm long, and sometimes tinged pink or green. Fruit is a round berry, to 2cm across; warty skin ripens from yellow through orange to deep red; flesh is acidic. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Main native range is SW Europe and Mediterranean; also occurs naturally in SW Ireland in open woods and thickets. Planted widely elsewhere.
    135451.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    135225.jpg
  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
    135127.jpg
  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
    135081.jpg
  • Pacific Silver Fir (Beautiful Fir) Abies amabilis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 32m. Has luxuriant foliage, a strong trunk thick tapering crown on in suitable wet climates. BARK Silvery. LEAVES Glossy, to 3cm long, silvery below and densely packed; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Smooth oval cones tinged purple; grow on upper surface of twigs. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Widely planted here for ornament.
    135080.jpg
  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
    135072.jpg
  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
    135056.jpg
  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
    135054.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    135042.jpg
  • Sessile Oak Quercus petraea Fagaceae Height to 40m<br />
Sturdy, domed deciduous tree. Bark Grey-brown, fissured. Branches Rather straight and radiating. Buds have long white hairs. Leaves Lobed, dark green with hairs below on veins; on yellow stalks, 1–2.5cm long, and lacking basal auricles. Reproductive parts Flowers are catkins. Acorns egg-shaped, stalkless; sit directly on twig in small clusters. Status Common in W and hilly areas on poor soils.
    135018.jpg
  • Plymouth Pear Pyrus cordata (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, slender or slightly spreading deciduous tree. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES With spiny branches and purplish twigs. LEAVES Alternate, oval and up to 5cm long, although they are usually much smaller. The margin is finely toothed and the leaf is downy when young, becoming a dull green when older. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers open at the same time as the leaves in May and the tree is often covered with white blossom. The fruit is up to 1.8cm long, resembling a tiny pear on a long stalk, and is golden-brown at first, ripening later to red and marked by numerous brown lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A scarce native of SW Britain (also found in W France and the Iberian peninsula). Here, it is usually found in hedgerows and copses.
    135003.jpg
  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
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  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
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  • Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Pinaceae Height to 60m<br />
Tall, slender, conical evergreen. Bark Greyish-green, often blistered. Branches in whorls. Needles to 3.5cm long, grooved above, with 2 white bands below. Reproductive parts Male flowers small and yellow. Female flowers resemble tiny pinkish shaving-brushes. Both sexes grow at tips of twigs. Status Native of W North America. Widely planted here for timber; thrives in Scotland.
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  • Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Pinaceae Height to 60m<br />
Tall, slender, conical evergreen. Bark Greyish-green, often blistered. Branches in whorls. Needles to 3.5cm long, grooved above, with 2 white bands below. Reproductive parts Male flowers small and yellow. Female flowers resemble tiny pinkish shaving-brushes. Both sexes grow at tips of twigs. Status Native of W North America. Widely planted here for timber; thrives in Scotland.
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  • Ponderosa Pine (Western Yellow Pine) Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 40m (50m). Large, slender, conical pine with a sturdy, straight bole. BARK Scaly pinkish-brown. LEAVES Needles, to 30cm long, narrow (3mm) and stiffly curved with finely toothed edges and a sharp, pointed tip; clustered densely on shoots and persist for 3 years. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are ovoid, up to 15cm long and 5cm across, on short stalks or directly on twigs, sometimes leaving a few scales behind when they fall; solitary or in small clusters. Cone scales are oblong with swollen, exposed, ridged tips hiding 5cm-long, oval, winged seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W USA, planted here mostly for ornament.
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  • Plymouth Pear Pyrus cordata (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, slender or slightly spreading deciduous tree. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES With spiny branches and purplish twigs. LEAVES Alternate, oval and up to 5cm long, although they are usually much smaller. The margin is finely toothed and the leaf is downy when young, becoming a dull green when older. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers open at the same time as the leaves in May and the tree is often covered with white blossom. The fruit is up to 1.8cm long, resembling a tiny pear on a long stalk, and is golden-brown at first, ripening later to red and marked by numerous brown lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A scarce native of SW Britain (also found in W France and the Iberian peninsula). Here, it is usually found in hedgerows and copses.
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  • Drooping Juniper Juniperus recurva (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 14m. Small evergreen with ascending branches but drooping foliage. Outline broadly conical. BARK Greyish-brown, peeling in long untidy shreds. LEAVES Tough and needle-like, clasping shoots; paint-like smell when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones are yellow, growing in small clusters at tips of shoots. Female cones are produced at ends of shoots and become oval, black and berry-like when mature, growing to 8mm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW China and the Himalayas; planted in our region for ornament.
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  • Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Elegant columnar evergreen with anarrowly rounded crown. BARK Dark and cracked into large reddish-brown flakes. BRANCHES Numerous short upright branches run up the trunk from near ground level. LEAVES Scale-like, in whorls of 4 each bearing a short, incurved, pointed tip, adpressed and concealing shoots; smell of turpentine when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones up to 6mm across, ovoid, deep yellow, and borne at tips of lateral shoots. Female cones are 2–3 cm across when mature, oblong to ovoid and pointed, with 6 scales; 2 large fertile scales have outwardly pointed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of California and Oregon. Very popular ornamental tree in our region.
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  • Deodar Cedrus deodara (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 36m <br />
Broadly conical evergreen with drooping leading shoot on the tapering crown.. BARK Almost black on old trees, fissured into small plates. BRANCHES With drooping tips. LEAVES In whorls of 15–20 on short lateral shoots, or in spirals on larger twigs. Needles are 2–5cm long, shortest on lateral shoots, dark green with pale-grey lines on either side. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers purplish, turning yellow with autumn pollen release, to 12cm long. Mature female cones are solid and barrel-shaped, to 14cm long and 8cm across, growing only on older trees. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of W Himalayas. Introduced into Britain in 1831 and widely planted in parks and gardens, where it can form a stately tree.
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  • Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Elegant columnar evergreen with anarrowly rounded crown. BARK Dark and cracked into large reddish-brown flakes. BRANCHES Numerous short upright branches run up the trunk from near ground level. LEAVES Scale-like, in whorls of 4 each bearing a short, incurved, pointed tip, adpressed and concealing shoots; smell of turpentine when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones up to 6mm across, ovoid, deep yellow, and borne at tips of lateral shoots. Female cones are 2–3 cm across when mature, oblong to ovoid and pointed, with 6 scales; 2 large fertile scales have outwardly pointed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of California and Oregon. Very popular ornamental tree in our region.
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  • Dwarf Cherry (Sour Cherry) Prunus cerasus (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. A small deciduous tree with a very short, branching bole and a rounded shrubby outline, often surrounded by suckers. BARK Reddish-brown and twigs are smooth. LEAVES To 8cm long, oval to elliptic and sharply pointed at tip, with a tapering base and toothed margin; on 1–3cm-long petioles. Young leaves are slightly downy below, and upper surface is always smooth and shiny. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Long-stalked white flowers usually open just before leaves in April–May, and grow in clusters of 2–6. Fruits, to 1.8cm long are rounded with a slightly depressed apex, usually bright red or blackish-red. Flesh is soft and tastes acidic, and stone is rounded and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but widely cultivated for its fruit, which is used mainly in preserves when it loses much of its acidity.
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  • Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Pinaceae Height to 60m<br />
Tall, slender, conical evergreen. Bark Greyish-green, often blistered. Branches in whorls. Needles to 3.5cm long, grooved above, with 2 white bands below. Reproductive parts Male flowers small and yellow. Female flowers resemble tiny pinkish shaving-brushes. Both sexes grow at tips of twigs. Status Native of W North America. Widely planted here for timber; thrives in Scotland.
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  • Sorbus porrigentiformis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 5m<br />
A shrub or sometimes a small tree. LEAVES Obovate to ovate, the margins toothed, the teeth largest on the distal half; white woolly below with 8-10 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits are crimson, to 12mm long with a few large lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Confined mainly to SW England and S Wales, growing on limestone.
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  • Noble Fir Abies procera (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. Extremely large, narrowly conical conifer when mature BARK Silver-grey or purplish; develops shallow fissures with age. BRANCHES Youngest twigs are reddish-brown and hairy, with resinous buds at tip. LEAVES Bluntly pointed needles, 2-3cm long, grooved on upper surface; blue-grey colour is marked by paler bands on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are reddish and supported below shoot. Cylindrical female flowers, resembling small cones, are red or green and grow on upper side of shoot; green spine emerges beneath each scale. Cones, up to 25cm long, held erect on upper side of the branches. Disintegrate in winter, but may be so abundant that branches are damaged by their weight. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Pacific NW USA. Planted in our region since 1850, reaching greatest size in Scotland.
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  • Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis Pinaceae Height to 52m<br />
Conical evergreen with spire-like crown and buttressed trunk. Bark Greyish-brown, scaly. Branches Ascending with pendent side-shoots. Needles To 3cm long, keeled, bright green above with 2 pale-blue bands below. Reproductive parts Female cones yellowish at first, becoming cylin¬drical and shiny pale brown. Status Native of W North America. Planted here for its lightweight, strong timber.
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  • Noble Fir Abies procera (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. Extremely large, narrowly conical conifer when mature BARK Silver-grey or purplish; develops shallow fissures with age. BRANCHES Youngest twigs are reddish-brown and hairy, with resinous buds at tip. LEAVES Bluntly pointed needles, 2-3cm long, grooved on upper surface; blue-grey colour is marked by paler bands on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are reddish and supported below shoot. Cylindrical female flowers, resembling small cones, are red or green and grow on upper side of shoot; green spine emerges beneath each scale. Cones, up to 25cm long, held erect on upper side of the branches. Disintegrate in winter, but may be so abundant that branches are damaged by their weight. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Pacific NW USA. Planted in our region since 1850, reaching greatest size in Scotland.
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  • Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis Pinaceae Height to 52m<br />
Conical evergreen with spire-like crown and buttressed trunk. Bark Greyish-brown, scaly. Branches Ascending with pendent side-shoots. Needles To 3cm long, keeled, bright green above with 2 pale-blue bands below. Reproductive parts Female cones yellowish at first, becoming cylin¬drical and shiny pale brown. Status Native of W North America. Planted here for its lightweight, strong timber.
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  • Noble Fir Abies procera (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. Extremely large, narrowly conical conifer when mature BARK Silver-grey or purplish; develops shallow fissures with age. BRANCHES Youngest twigs are reddish-brown and hairy, with resinous buds at tip. LEAVES Bluntly pointed needles, 2-3cm long, grooved on upper surface; blue-grey colour is marked by paler bands on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are reddish and supported below shoot. Cylindrical female flowers, resembling small cones, are red or green and grow on upper side of shoot; green spine emerges beneath each scale. Cones, up to 25cm long, held erect on upper side of the branches. Disintegrate in winter, but may be so abundant that branches are damaged by their weight. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Pacific NW USA. Planted in our region since 1850, reaching greatest size in Scotland.
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  • California Nutmeg Torreya californica (Taxaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Broadly conical tree with a stout bole in mature specimens, producing high-quality timber. BARK Reddish grey with narrow ridges. BRANCHES long and almost horizontal in mature trees, supporting descending lines of greenish shoots. LEAVES Needle-like with two pale greyish bands on the underside; grow in a row on each side of shoot, and smell of sage if crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Trees are usually either male or female. Male flowers resemble small yellowish catkins, borne on undersides of shoots. Fruits are ovoid, 5cm long, and green with pur¬plish streaks; resemble nutmegs and contain a single (inedible) seed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mountain woodlands in California. Often planted in mature gardens in Britain.
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  • Bristlecone Fir Abies bracteata. Height to 35m. Slender conical tree confined to slopes and bottoms of rocky canyons on the central coast of California, USA. Planted here for ornament.
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  • Sorbus anglica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 3m. Small shrub. LEAVES Ovate to obovate, lobed and toothed towards distal half; shiny above, whitish and downy below, 8-10 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits crimson, to 12mm long, with small lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Restricted to hillsides in Wales, SW England and Ireland, mostly limestone.
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  • Maritime Pine Pinus pinaster (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 32m <br />
Has a sturdy, slightly tapering bole, often curved in exposed coastal areas, the crown fairly open, reflecting curve of bole. BARK Yellowish-brown, breaking into rectangular flakes. LEAVES Needles, the longest and thickest of any 2-needle pine. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers yellow and ovoid, in clusters near shoot tips. Female cones ovoid, red at first, in small clusters, ripening conical and woody with a greenish-brown gloss. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Atlantic coasts of Europe and Mediterranean. Grows well on poor sandy soils, often on heaths and near coasts.
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  • Western Red Cedar Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 45m Tall, conical with buttressed trunk and upright leading shoot. BARK Reddish-brown with fibrous plates. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like, clasping shoots in alternate, opposite pairs; glossy, dark green above, paler below with pale markings. Crushed leaves pineapple-scented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female cones on separate trees. Small yellow or brownish male cones grow at shoot tips. Female cones ovoid, up to 1.2cm long, with 8-10 spine-tipped scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of W USA, grown here for timber or ornament.
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  • Plymouth Pear Pyrus cordata (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, slender or slightly spreading deciduous tree. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES With spiny branches and purplish twigs. LEAVES Alternate, oval and up to 5cm long, although they are usually much smaller. The margin is finely toothed and the leaf is downy when young, becoming a dull green when older. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers open at the same time as the leaves in May and the tree is often covered with white blossom. The fruit is up to 1.8cm long, resembling a tiny pear on a long stalk, and is golden-brown at first, ripening later to red and marked by numerous brown lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A scarce native of SW Britain (also found in W France and the Iberian peninsula). Here, it is usually found in hedgerows and copses.
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  • Sorbus lancastriensis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 5m<br />
A shrub or small tree. LEAVES Ovate, the margin with short, sharp teeth; 8-10 pairs of veins and leaves are downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers and fruits are borne on slightly downy stalks. Fruits are red, to 1.5cm long, with prominent lenticels when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Mainly confined to limestone rocks in NW England.
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  • Drooping Juniper Juniperus recurva (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 14m. Small evergreen with ascending branches but drooping foliage. Outline broadly conical. BARK Greyish-brown, peeling in long untidy shreds. LEAVES Tough and needle-like, clasping shoots; paint-like smell when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones are yellow, growing in small clusters at tips of shoots. Female cones are produced at ends of shoots and become oval, black and berry-like when mature, growing to 8mm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW China and the Himalayas; planted in our region for ornament.
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  • Giant Fir Abies grandis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m Map<br />
Magnificent when mature. Fast-growing conifers, reaching a height of 40m in as many years. LEAVES Note the comb-like arrangement of soft, shining-green needles, borne in 2 rows on either side of downy olive-green twigs. Needles are up to 5cm long with a notched tip and 2 pale bands below; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are smooth, less than 10cm long and are produced high up on trees at least 50 years old; they break up on tree to release seeds, STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of coastal W USA. Planted in our region for ornament and sometimes commercially.
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  • Manna Ash Fraxinus ornus (Oleaceae) HEIGHT to 24m <br />
Medium-sized deciduous tree with a flattish crown. BARK Smooth dark-grey, sometimes almost black. BRANCHES With smooth, grey twigs, sometimes yellow-tinged, ending in greyish, white-bloomed buds. LEAVES Opposite, pinnate, to 30cm long with up to 9 ovate, toothed leaflets, each one to 10cm long and downy, with white or brown hairs on veins beneath. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Showy, creamy-white, fragrant flowers open with leaves. Each flower has 4 petals about 6mm long; they hang in clusters about 20cm across. Narrow-winged fruits, to 2cm long, hang in dense clusters. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of central and S Europe and SW Asia, and planted here as a street tree or for ornamental value.
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  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
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  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
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  • Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Pinaceae Height to 60m<br />
Tall, slender, conical evergreen. Bark Greyish-green, often blistered. Branches in whorls. Needles to 3.5cm long, grooved above, with 2 white bands below. Reproductive parts Male flowers small and yellow. Female flowers resemble tiny pinkish shaving-brushes. Both sexes grow at tips of twigs. Status Native of W North America. Widely planted here for timber; thrives in Scotland.
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  • Sessile Oak Quercus petraea Fagaceae Height to 40m<br />
Sturdy, domed deciduous tree. Bark Grey-brown, fissured. Branches Rather straight and radiating. Buds have long white hairs. Leaves Lobed, dark green with hairs below on veins; on yellow stalks, 1–2.5cm long, and lacking basal auricles. Reproductive parts Flowers are catkins. Acorns egg-shaped, stalkless; sit directly on twig in small clusters. Status Common in W and hilly areas on poor soils.
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  • Sessile Oak Quercus petraea Fagaceae Height to 40m<br />
Sturdy, domed deciduous tree. Bark Grey-brown, fissured. Branches Rather straight and radiating. Buds have long white hairs. Leaves Lobed, dark green with hairs below on veins; on yellow stalks, 1–2.5cm long, and lacking basal auricles. Reproductive parts Flowers are catkins. Acorns egg-shaped, stalkless; sit directly on twig in small clusters. Status Common in W and hilly areas on poor soils.
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  • Lawson’s Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Cupressaceae Height to 40m. Dense conical evergreen. Trunk often forked. Bark Cracks into vertical greyish plates. Branches Numerous. Leaves Scale-like, to 2mm long, flattened along shoot, in opposite pairs; parsley-scented. Reproductive parts Male flowers are cones, to 4mm long. Female cones, to 8mm across, have 4 pairs of scales. Status Native of western USA, widely planted here. Numerous cultivars exist with different with leaf colours.
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  • Lawson’s Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Cupressaceae Height to 40m. Dense conical evergreen. Trunk often forked. Bark Cracks into vertical greyish plates. Branches Numerous. Leaves Scale-like, to 2mm long, flattened along shoot, in opposite pairs; parsley-scented. Reproductive parts Male flowers are cones, to 4mm long. Female cones, to 8mm across, have 4 pairs of scales. Status Native of western USA, widely planted here. Numerous cultivars exist with different with leaf colours.
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  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
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  • Lawson’s Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Cupressaceae Height to 40m. Dense conical evergreen. Trunk often forked. Bark Cracks into vertical greyish plates. Branches Numerous. Leaves Scale-like, to 2mm long, flattened along shoot, in opposite pairs; parsley-scented. Reproductive parts Male flowers are cones, to 4mm long. Female cones, to 8mm across, have 4 pairs of scales. Status Native of western USA, widely planted here. Numerous cultivars exist with different with leaf colours.
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  • Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Elegant columnar evergreen with anarrowly rounded crown. BARK Dark and cracked into large reddish-brown flakes. BRANCHES Numerous short upright branches run up the trunk from near ground level. LEAVES Scale-like, in whorls of 4 each bearing a short, incurved, pointed tip, adpressed and concealing shoots; smell of turpentine when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones up to 6mm across, ovoid, deep yellow, and borne at tips of lateral shoots. Female cones are 2–3 cm across when mature, oblong to ovoid and pointed, with 6 scales; 2 large fertile scales have outwardly pointed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of California and Oregon. Very popular ornamental tree in our region.
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  • Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Elegant columnar evergreen with anarrowly rounded crown. BARK Dark and cracked into large reddish-brown flakes. BRANCHES Numerous short upright branches run up the trunk from near ground level. LEAVES Scale-like, in whorls of 4 each bearing a short, incurved, pointed tip, adpressed and concealing shoots; smell of turpentine when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones up to 6mm across, ovoid, deep yellow, and borne at tips of lateral shoots. Female cones are 2–3 cm across when mature, oblong to ovoid and pointed, with 6 scales; 2 large fertile scales have outwardly pointed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of California and Oregon. Very popular ornamental tree in our region.
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  • Incense Cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Elegant columnar evergreen with anarrowly rounded crown. BARK Dark and cracked into large reddish-brown flakes. BRANCHES Numerous short upright branches run up the trunk from near ground level. LEAVES Scale-like, in whorls of 4 each bearing a short, incurved, pointed tip, adpressed and concealing shoots; smell of turpentine when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones up to 6mm across, ovoid, deep yellow, and borne at tips of lateral shoots. Female cones are 2–3 cm across when mature, oblong to ovoid and pointed, with 6 scales; 2 large fertile scales have outwardly pointed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of California and Oregon. Very popular ornamental tree in our region.
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  • Date-plum Diospyros lotus (Ebenaceae) HEIGHT to 14m <br />
Small, deciduous tree. BARK Grey or pink-tinged, broken by fissures into small plates. BRANCHES Spreading. LEAVES Ovate or lanceolate with pointed tips and untoothed margins, dark glossy green above and greyer below; young leaves are downy above. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers bell-shaped and salmon-pink or orange-yellow. Male and female flowers on separate trees, males clustered and smaller than single females, which are about 5mm long. Fruit is a 2cm-long, edible berry; ripens from green, through yellow-brown to blue-black. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, planted here occasionally.
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  • Date-plum Diospyros lotus (Ebenaceae) HEIGHT to 14m <br />
Small, deciduous tree. BARK Grey or pink-tinged, broken by fissures into small plates. BRANCHES Spreading. LEAVES Ovate or lanceolate with pointed tips and untoothed margins, dark glossy green above and greyer below; young leaves are downy above. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers bell-shaped and salmon-pink or orange-yellow. Male and female flowers on separate trees, males clustered and smaller than single females, which are about 5mm long. Fruit is a 2cm-long, edible berry; ripens from green, through yellow-brown to blue-black. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, planted here occasionally.
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  • Lawson’s Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Cupressaceae Height to 40m. Dense conical evergreen. Trunk often forked. Bark Cracks into vertical greyish plates. Branches Numerous. Leaves Scale-like, to 2mm long, flattened along shoot, in opposite pairs; parsley-scented. Reproductive parts Male flowers are cones, to 4mm long. Female cones, to 8mm across, have 4 pairs of scales. Status Native of western USA, widely planted here. Numerous cultivars exist with different with leaf colours.
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