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  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153694.jpg
  • Coastal dunes and dune slacks at Holme Nature Reserve on the Norfolk coast
    154241.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153690.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153689.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153693.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153695.jpg
  • Coastal dunes and dune slacks at Holme Nature Reserve on the Norfolk coast
    154242.jpg
  • YELLOW BIRD’S-NEST Monotropa hypopitys (Monotropaceae) Height to 10cm. Bizarre plant of beech and conifer woodland, but also found in dune slacks. Whole plant lacks chlorophyll and looks waxy yellow; food is obtained from soil leaf mould. FLOWERS are 10-15mm long and bell-shaped; borne in nodding spikes (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are scale-like. STATUS-Widespread but extremely local.
    132188.jpg
  • ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN Pyrola rotundifolia (Pyrolaceae) Height to 15cm. Low-growing perennial of damp, calcareous ground including fens and coastal dune slacks. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, white and bell-shaped; style is S-shaped and protrudes beyond petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, long-stalked and form a basal rosette. STATUS-Local and declining across its range.
    131183.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153685.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153688.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153687.jpg
  • Ragged Robin - Lychnis flos-cuculi in the Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153699.jpg
  • CORALROOT Orchid Corallorriza trifida (Orchidaceae) Height to 25cm. Intriguing, creeping perennial that grows in damp, shady woodland and in dune slacks. The plant is yellowish green and saprophytic, feeding on decaying plant matter, and it lacks leaves. FLOWERS are greenish white, the lip often tinged and streaked with red; in open spikes (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are absent. STATUS-Widespread and very locally common only in N England and Scotland.
    130295.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153691.jpg
  • Dune slacks at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153692.jpg
  • DEWBERRY Rubus caesius (Rosaceae) Height to 10cm<br />
Creeping perennial whose biennial stems bear weak prickles. Found in dry, grassy places but also in fens and dune slacks. FLOWERS are 2-2.5cm across with 5 white petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are bluish black, the large segments covered in a plum-like bloom. LEAVES are trifoliate and toothed. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    131993.jpg
  • ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN Pyrola rotundifolia (Pyrolaceae) Height to 15cm. Low-growing perennial of damp, calcareous ground including fens and coastal dune slacks. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, white and bell-shaped; style is S-shaped and protrudes beyond petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, long-stalked and form a basal rosette. STATUS-Local and declining across its range.
    131181.jpg
  • Bog Pimpernel - Anagallis tenella (Primulaceae) Creeping<br />
Delicate and attractive hairless perennial; has trailing stems and sometimes forms mats. Found on damp ground, such as bogs and dune slacks, and mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are up to 1cm long, pink and funnel-shaped with 5 lobes; borne on slender, upright stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, short-stalked and borne in opposite pairs.
    155451.jpg
  • DEWBERRY Rubus caesius (Rosaceae) Height to 10cm<br />
Creeping perennial whose biennial stems bear weak prickles. Found in dry, grassy places but also in fens and dune slacks. FLOWERS are 2-2.5cm across with 5 white petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are bluish black, the large segments covered in a plum-like bloom. LEAVES are trifoliate and toothed. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    130960.jpg
  • BOG PIMPERNEL Anagallis tenella (Primulaceae) Creeping<br />
Delicate and attractive hairless perennial; has trailing stems and sometimes forms mats. Found on damp ground, such as bogs and dune slacks, and mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are up to 1cm long, pink and funnel-shaped with 5 lobes; borne on slender, upright stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, short-stalked and borne in opposite pairs.
    110514.jpg
  • HEBRIDEAN MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza ebudensis (Orchidaceae) Height to 52cm. Small, sturdy orchid of grazed and poached marshy dune slacks. Endemic to Britain. FLOWERS are purple with a 3-lobed lip; borne in short, open spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are glossy dark green, heavily marked and blotched with purple, and sometimes uniformly deep purple on upperside. STATUS-Rare, almost confined to a few spots on North Uist, Outer Hebrides.
    143401.jpg
  • HEBRIDEAN MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza ebudensis (Orchidaceae) Height to 52cm. Small, sturdy orchid of grazed and poached marshy dune slacks. Endemic to Britain. FLOWERS are purple with a 3-lobed lip; borne in short, open spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are glossy dark green, heavily marked and blotched with purple, and sometimes uniformly deep purple on upperside. STATUS-Rare, almost confined to a few spots on North Uist, Outer Hebrides.
    143399.jpg
  • HEBRIDEAN MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza ebudensis (Orchidaceae) Height to 52cm. Small, sturdy orchid of grazed and poached marshy dune slacks. Endemic to Britain. FLOWERS are purple with a 3-lobed lip; borne in short, open spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are glossy dark green, heavily marked and blotched with purple, and sometimes uniformly deep purple on upperside. STATUS-Rare, almost confined to a few spots on North Uist, Outer Hebrides.
    156652.jpg
  • Bog Pimpernel - Anagallis tenella (Primulaceae) Creeping<br />
Delicate and attractive hairless perennial; has trailing stems and sometimes forms mats. Found on damp ground, such as bogs and dune slacks, and mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are up to 1cm long, pink and funnel-shaped with 5 lobes; borne on slender, upright stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, short-stalked and borne in opposite pairs.
    155450.jpg
  • BLACK BOG-RUSH Schoenus nigricans Height to 50cm. Tufted perennial with rigid, smooth, round stems. Grows in bogs, dune slacks and marshes, usually on base-rich soils. Flowers are dark brown spikelets, in a terminal head, with a leaf-like bract (May-July). Fruits are whitish. Leaves are long, green, arising at base of plant. Commonest in N and W Britain, and Ireland
    118306.jpg
  • BALTIC RUSH Juncus balticus (Juncaceae) Height to 75cm<br />
Perennial of northern dune slacks. Stems are  green, glossy and smooth. FLOWERS are  brown, including tepals,  and borne in small open clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are brown, egg-shape and pointed at tip. LEAVES are absent. STATUS-Locally common, coasts of N and NE Scotland only.
    143395.jpg
  • JOINTED RUSH Juncus articulatus (Juncaceae) Height to 60cm. Creeping or tufted and upright perennial that grows in marshes and on damp heaths, moors and dune-slacks. FLOWERS are brown and borne in open, branched clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are brown, egg-shaped and abruptly pointed at the tip. LEAVES are curved, narrow and flattened with a transverse joint. STATUS-Locally common.
    131387.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    154626.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    133572.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    133882.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    133573.jpg
  • Dune slack pool and coastal dune system at Kenfig Nature Reserve
    153722.jpg
  • Dune slack pool and coastal dune system at Kenfig Nature Reserve
    153721.jpg
  • Dune slack pool and coastal dune system at Kenfig Nature Reserve
    153723.jpg
  • Petalwort - Petalophyllum ralfsii
    144713.jpg
  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
    153719.jpg
  • Coralroot Orchid - Corallorhiza trifida
    162795.jpg
  • Vipers Bugloss - Echium vulgare at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153732.jpg
  • Dune system at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153733.jpg
  • Dune system at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153735.jpg
  • Drift wood and rubbish accumulated on the beach at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153738.jpg
  • The beach at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153726.jpg
  • Pyramidal Orchid - Anacamptis pyramidalis at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153697.jpg
  • Flowering Elder - Samubucus nigra at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153698.jpg
  • Vipers Bugloss - Echium vulgare at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153731.jpg
  • Dune system at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153734.jpg
  • Dune system at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153736.jpg
  • Drift wood and rubbish accumulated on the beach at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153737.jpg
  • The beach at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153728.jpg
  • The beach at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153729.jpg
  • Coralroot Orchid - Corallorhiza trifida
    162805.jpg
  • Pyramidal Orchid - Anacamptis pyramidalis at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153696.jpg
  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
    153720.jpg
  • The beach at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153727.jpg
  • VIPER’S-BUGLOSS Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae) Height to 80cm. Upright biennial covered in reddish bristles. Grows in dry grassland, mainly on sandy and calcareous soils, often near the coast. FLOWERS are 15-20mm long, funnel-shaped and bright blue with protruding purplish stamens; borne in tall spikes (May-Sep). FRUITS are rough nutlets. LEAVES are narrow and pointed; basal leaves are stalked. STATUS-Widespread and common in England and Wales; scarce elsewhere.
    153724.jpg
  • Pyrola rotundifolia subsp norvegica - Varanger, Norway
    162789.jpg
  • Evening-primrose - Oenothera biennis at Kenfig Nature Reserve, South Wales
    153700.jpg
  • Yellow Bird's-nest - Hypopitys monotropa
    160117.jpg
  • Inocybe serotina
    139079.jpg
  • Hygrocybe conicoides
    137408.jpg
  • Bog Pimpernel - Anagallis tenella
    160052.jpg
  • SOUTHERN MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Orchidaceae) Height to 70cm. Robust orchid of water meadows, fens and wet dune-slacks, mostly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are pinkish purple with a broad 3-lobed lip, 11-14mm long, the lobes shallow and blunt; borne in tall, dense spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are glossy dark green, unmarked (rarely ring-spotted) and broadly lanceolate, largest at the base and becoming narrower and sheathing up the stem. STATUS-Common only in S.
    131147.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    113744.jpg
  • SOUTHERN MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Orchidaceae) Height to 70cm. Robust orchid of water meadows, fens and wet dune-slacks, mostly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are pinkish purple with a broad 3-lobed lip, 11-14mm long, the lobes shallow and blunt; borne in tall, dense spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are glossy dark green, unmarked (rarely ring-spotted) and broadly lanceolate, largest at the base and becoming narrower and sheathing up the stem. STATUS-Common only in S.
    131146.jpg
  • Southern Marsh-orchid - Dactylorhiza praetermissa
    159824.jpg
  • YELLOW BARTSIA Parentucellia viscosa (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 40cm. Stickily-hairy, unbranched annual that is semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grow in damp, grassy places, mostly near the sea and often in dune slacks<br />
FLOWERS are 15-35mm long, the corolla bright yellow and 2-lipped, the lower lip 3-lobed; in leafy spikes (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are lanceolate and unstalked. STATUS-Very locally common near coasts of S and SW England and W Ireland.
    131153.jpg
  • BOG PIMPERNEL Anagallis tenella (Primulaceae) * Creeping<br />
Delicate and attractive hairless perennial; has trailing stems and sometimes forms mats. Found on damp ground, such as bogs and dune slacks, and mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are up to 1cm long, pink and funnel-shaped with 5 lobes; borne on slender, upright stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, short-stalked and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in W but scarce in E.
    132202.jpg
  • WATER GEMANDER Teucrium scordium (Lamiaceae) Height to 35m. Downy and spreading perennial with creeping runners and upright flowering stems. Grows in damp, grassy places, typically on calcareous soils and sometimes in dune slacks. FLOWERS are 8-10mm long with no upper lip but a pinkish purple lower lip; in whorls up leafy stems (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are oblong, toothed and unstalked. STATUS-Rare, restricted to a few sites in S England and W Ireland.
    117948.jpg
  • YELLOW BARTSIA Parentucellia viscosa (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 40cm. Stickily-hairy, unbranched annual that is semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grow in damp, grassy places, mostly near the sea and often in dune slacks<br />
FLOWERS are 15-35mm long, the corolla bright yellow and 2-lipped, the lower lip 3-lobed; in leafy spikes (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are lanceolate and unstalked. STATUS-Very locally common near coasts of S and SW England and W Ireland.
    143529.jpg
  • Height to 65cm. Upright perennial that is similar to Narrow-lipped Helleborine. Grows in dune slacks. FLOWERS comprise rather narrow, greenish white sepals and upper petals, and a broadly heart-shaped lip that is greenish white, sometimes pink-tinged towards the centre, and curved under at the tip; in open spikes, flowers seldom opening fully (Jun-Jul).  FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are oval.
    115531.jpg
  • JOINTED RUSH Juncus articulatus (Juncaceae) Height to 60cm. Creeping or tufted and upright perennial that grows in marshes and on damp heaths, moors and dune-slacks. FLOWERS are brown and borne in open, branched clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are brown, egg-shaped and abruptly pointed at the tip. LEAVES are curved, narrow and flattened with a transverse joint. STATUS-Locally common.
    143614.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    138041.jpg
  • JOINTED RUSH Juncus articulatus (Juncaceae) Height to 60cm. Creeping or tufted and upright perennial that grows in marshes and on damp heaths, moors and dune-slacks. FLOWERS are brown and borne in open, branched clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are brown, egg-shaped and abruptly pointed at the tip. LEAVES are curved, narrow and flattened with a transverse joint. STATUS-Locally common.
    143604.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    156663.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    144555.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    130522.jpg
  • JOINTED RUSH Juncus articulatus (Juncaceae) Height to 60cm. Creeping or tufted and upright perennial that grows in marshes and on damp heaths, moors and dune-slacks. FLOWERS are brown and borne in open, branched clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are brown, egg-shaped and abruptly pointed at the tip. LEAVES are curved, narrow and flattened with a transverse joint. STATUS-Locally common.
    143605.jpg