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  • Grass Snake Natrix natrix Length 60-90cm Large non-venomous snake. Hibernates October-April. Hunts on land but also active in water, feeding on frogs and fish. Female lays eggs, often in composting piles of vegetation. Adult has slender body, thickest towards middle evenly tapering towards tail. Ground colour on upperparts is olive-green; has occasional dark vertical stripes on flanks and double row of indistinct dark spots down back. Neck has black and yellow crescent-shaped markings on sides, forming incomplete collar. Scales on under surface are whitish with dark chequering. Has backward-curved teeth that retain struggling prey. Eye has round pupil. Juvenile resembles tiny adult with relatively larger head. Hisses if distressed. Locally common in grassland and heathland, usually in vicinity of water.
    128081.jpg
  • Grass Snake Natrix natrix Length 60-90cm Large non-venomous snake. Hibernates October-April. Hunts on land but also active in water, feeding on frogs and fish. Female lays eggs, often in composting piles of vegetation. Adult has slender body, thickest towards middle evenly tapering towards tail. Ground colour on upperparts is olive-green; has occasional dark vertical stripes on flanks and double row of indistinct dark spots down back. Neck has black and yellow crescent-shaped markings on sides, forming incomplete collar. Scales on under surface are whitish with dark chequering. Has backward-curved teeth that retain struggling prey. Eye has round pupil. Juvenile resembles tiny adult with relatively larger head. Hisses if distressed. Locally common in grassland and heathland, usually in vicinity of water.
    128082.jpg
  • Edible Dormouse Glis glis Length 28-33cm Plump rodent that recalls a miniature Grey Squirrel. Introduced to Britain, possibly in Roman times. Adult is fat-bodied in autumn but sleek in spring, after losing weight in hibernation. Has a mainly grey coat but throat and belly are whitish and hint a dark stripe down back is sometimes seen. Note the large eyes, rounded ears, and long toes. Tail is long and bushy. Utters chattering grunts and squeals. Introduced and now widespread in the Chilterns. Favours mature deciduous woodlands and mature gardens.
    128465.jpg
  • Blackbird Turdus merula L 25-28cm. Familiar ground-dwelling bird. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has uniformly blackish plumage. Legs are dark but bill and eyering are yellow. 1st winter male is similar but bill is dark and eyering is dull. Adult and 1st winter female are brown, darkest on wings and tail, and palest on throat and streaked breast. Juvenile is similar to adult female but marked with pale spots. Voice Utters harsh and repeated tchak alarm call, often at dusk. Male has rich, fluty and varied song. Status Common and widespread in gardens, but in woodland, farmland and coasts. Upland birds move to lower levels in winter and migrants arrive from Europe.
    110126.jpg
  • Blackbird Turdus merula L 25-28cm. Familiar ground-dwelling bird. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has uniformly blackish plumage. Legs are dark but bill and eyering are yellow. 1st winter male is similar but bill is dark and eyering is dull. Adult and 1st winter female are brown, darkest on wings and tail, and palest on throat and streaked breast. Juvenile is similar to adult female but marked with pale spots. Voice Utters harsh and repeated tchak alarm call, often at dusk. Male has rich, fluty and varied song. Status Common and widespread in gardens, but in woodland, farmland and coasts. Upland birds move to lower levels in winter and migrants arrive from Europe.
    111327.jpg
  • Robin Erithacus rubecula L 13-14cm. Distinctive bird. Garden-dwellers are bold and inquisitive. Sexes are similar. Adult has orange-red face, throat and breast, bordered by blue-grey on sides but with sharp demarcation from white belly. Upperparts are buffish brown with faint buff wingbar. Juvenile has brown upperparts, marked with buff spots and teardrop-shaped streaks; pale buff underparts have darker spots and crescent-shaped markings. Voice Song is plaintive and melancholy. Alarm call is a sharp tic. Status Widespread resident, commonest in S. Observation tips Easiest to find in gardens and parks.
    112324.jpg
  • Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros (L 14cm) has benefited from urban sprawl and indeed often thrives in areas where industrial dereliction prevails. It is a bold bird that perches conspicuously, quivering striking red tail in an obvious manner. Adult males are particularly striking, with slate-grey body plumage darkest on the face and breast. By comparison, female and immature birds are rather drab, with mainly grey-brown body plumage. In a strange way, the Black Redstart’s song sometimes match its surroundings and includes curious crackling, static-like phrases. Between 50 and 100 pairs attempt to nest here each year but the species is more numerous as a passage migrant and occasional winter visitor to south coasts.
    120053.jpg
  • Caledonian Pine Forest comprising Scots Pine, with an understorey of Bilberry and Heather. Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 36m. A conical evergreen when young and growing vigorously, but becoming much more open, and flat-topped with a long bole when an older tree. BARK Reddish- or grey-brown low down on the trunk, but markedly red or orange higher up the trunk in mature trees. The lower trunk is scaly, and higher up it becomes more papery. BRANCHES Irregular, with broken-off stumps of old branches remaining on the trunk lower down. LEAVES Needles, borne in bunches of 2, grey-green or blue-green, up to 7cm long, usually twisted with a short point at the tip. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellow and borne in clusters at the ends of the previous year’s shoots, shedding pollen in late spring. Female flowers grow at the tips of new shoots; they are usually solitary, and are crimson at first, ripening to brown by the end of the summer and persisting through the winter. In the second summer they enlarge and become green and bluntly conical, ripening to grey-brown in the autumn; they do not open their scales and shed seeds until the following spring. Each cone scale has a blunt projection in the centre. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A tree native to Scotland, and originally much of Britain, as well as a wide swathe of Europe from Spain to Siberia and Turkey.
    127550.jpg
  • Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Conical deciduous conifer with shoots and leaves in opposite pairs. Trunk tapers and is buttressed at base, becoming ridged in older trees. BARK Rich reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES 2.5cm long, flat and needle-like, pale green at first, becoming darker green later; on short, lateral shoots that are shed in autumn. Leaves emerge early in spring, and turn yellow, pink or red before falling. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers are produced on young shoots in separate clusters on same tree in spring. Males are yellow; females greenish, producing rounded green, then brown cones about 2.5cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW China, unknown as a living tree (known only from fossil records) until 1941. Now a popular garden tree.
    132647.jpg
  • Slow-worm Anguis fragilis Length 30-40cm Legless lizard. Hibernates Oct-Mar. Length comprises 50-60% tail but this can be shed in dire distress. Female gives birth to live young. Sexes are similar. Adult male has slender, shiny body and no discernible ‘neck’. Male is usually coppery brown or greyish brown, sometimes with darker markings on head. Adult female is similar but with a thin, dark vertebral stripe along back (may end in faint ‘v’ at anterior end) and broken black line on flanks. Belly is marbled bluish and some animals have blue spots on sides. Juvenile has golden or silvery back with thin, dark vertebral stripe and dark flanks. Favours sunny, open habitats with areas of grass and bramble.
    136128.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus - Male. Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    154918.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus - Male. Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    154834.jpg
  • Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 18m. Slender, conical to columnar deciduous tree. BARK Grey and ridged in older specimens. BRANCHES Horizontal but curving down sharply at tips, and fine shoots that curved upwards with small clasping leaves and give a knotted-cord look. Deciduous shoots are shed in autumn. There is a fine display of autumn colours, starting orange and turning brown. LEAVES Pale green and 8mm long; arranged spirally. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellowish-green, hanging catkins up to 20cm long. Female flowers are produced on the same tree at base of male catkins, first appearing in autumn, but not opening until spring. Rounded cones up to 3cm long are green at first but ripen brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the SE USA, growing in wet ground by ponds and swampy ground. Introduced into Britain, where it succeeds only in warmer parts of the south.
    134582.jpg
  • Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 18m. Slender, conical to columnar deciduous tree. BARK Grey and ridged in older specimens. BRANCHES Horizontal but curving down sharply at tips, and fine shoots that curved upwards with small clasping leaves and give a knotted-cord look. Deciduous shoots are shed in autumn. There is a fine display of autumn colours, starting orange and turning brown. LEAVES Pale green and 8mm long; arranged spirally. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellowish-green, hanging catkins up to 20cm long. Female flowers are produced on the same tree at base of male catkins, first appearing in autumn, but not opening until spring. Rounded cones up to 3cm long are green at first but ripen brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the SE USA, growing in wet ground by ponds and swampy ground. Introduced into Britain, where it succeeds only in warmer parts of the south.
    134581.jpg
  • Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Conical deciduous conifer with shoots and leaves in opposite pairs. Trunk tapers and is buttressed at base, becoming ridged in older trees. BARK Rich reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES 2.5cm long, flat and needle-like, pale green at first, becoming darker green later; on short, lateral shoots that are shed in autumn. Leaves emerge early in spring, and turn yellow, pink or red before falling. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers are produced on young shoots in separate clusters on same tree in spring. Males are yellow; females greenish, producing rounded green, then brown cones about 2.5cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW China, unknown as a living tree (known only from fossil records) until 1941. Now a popular garden tree.
    132271.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    130048.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    128025.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    144483.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    100515.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    104467.jpg
  • Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi Shoulder height 38-45cm Tiny, unobtrusive deer. Territorial and mainly solitary. Browses low vegetation. Adult is mainly reddish brown coat with whitish chest and belly. Has large head (with converging dark stripes on forehead) and short legs. Tail is long, reddish brown above but whitish below; conspicuous when raised in alarm. Male (buck) develops tusk-like upper canine teeth; antlers appear in autumn, shed the following summer. Female (doe) does not grow antlers. Fawn is tiny and reddish brown with white spots. Utters a piercing bark. Introduced from Far East, now locally common in scrub, woods and gardens.
    112520.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    115634.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    128163.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    128165.jpg
  • Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi Shoulder height 38-45cm Tiny, unobtrusive deer. Territorial and mainly solitary. Browses low vegetation. Adult is mainly reddish brown coat with whitish chest and belly. Has large head (with converging dark stripes on forehead) and short legs. Tail is long, reddish brown above but whitish below; conspicuous when raised in alarm. Male (buck) develops tusk-like upper canine teeth; antlers appear in autumn, shed the following summer. Female (doe) does not grow antlers. Fawn is tiny and reddish brown with white spots. Utters a piercing bark. Introduced from Far East, now locally common in scrub, woods and gardens.
    128256.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    128688.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    133444.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    133445.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    135627.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    143012.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    143015.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144371.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144374.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    144384.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    144383.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    144385.jpg
  • Slow-worm Anguis fragilis Length 30-40cm Legless lizard. Hibernates Oct-Mar. Length comprises 50-60% tail but this can be shed in dire distress. Female gives birth to live young. Sexes are similar. Adult male has slender, shiny body and no discernible ‘neck’. Male is usually coppery brown or greyish brown, sometimes with darker markings on head. Adult female is similar but with a thin, dark vertebral stripe along back (may end in faint ‘v’ at anterior end) and broken black line on flanks. Belly is marbled bluish and some animals have blue spots on sides. Juvenile has golden or silvery back with thin, dark vertebral stripe and dark flanks. Favours sunny, open habitats with areas of grass and bramble.
    127805.jpg
  • Slow-worm Anguis fragilis Length 30-40cm Legless lizard. Hibernates Oct-Mar. Length comprises 50-60% tail but this can be shed in dire distress. Female gives birth to live young. Sexes are similar. Adult male has slender, shiny body and no discernible ‘neck’. Male is usually coppery brown or greyish brown, sometimes with darker markings on head. Adult female is similar but with a thin, dark vertebral stripe along back (may end in faint ‘v’ at anterior end) and broken black line on flanks. Belly is marbled bluish and some animals have blue spots on sides. Juvenile has golden or silvery back with thin, dark vertebral stripe and dark flanks. Favours sunny, open habitats with areas of grass and bramble.
    144193.jpg
  • Dog Rose - Rosa canina. Height to 3m. Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    157361.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus - Male. Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    154919.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus - Male. Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    154835.jpg
  • Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 18m. Slender, conical to columnar deciduous tree. BARK Grey and ridged in older specimens. BRANCHES Horizontal but curving down sharply at tips, and fine shoots that curved upwards with small clasping leaves and give a knotted-cord look. Deciduous shoots are shed in autumn. There is a fine display of autumn colours, starting orange and turning brown. LEAVES Pale green and 8mm long; arranged spirally. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellowish-green, hanging catkins up to 20cm long. Female flowers are produced on the same tree at base of male catkins, first appearing in autumn, but not opening until spring. Rounded cones up to 3cm long are green at first but ripen brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the SE USA, growing in wet ground by ponds and swampy ground. Introduced into Britain, where it succeeds only in warmer parts of the south.
    134967.jpg
  • Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Conical deciduous conifer with shoots and leaves in opposite pairs. Trunk tapers and is buttressed at base, becoming ridged in older trees. BARK Rich reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES 2.5cm long, flat and needle-like, pale green at first, becoming darker green later; on short, lateral shoots that are shed in autumn. Leaves emerge early in spring, and turn yellow, pink or red before falling. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers are produced on young shoots in separate clusters on same tree in spring. Males are yellow; females greenish, producing rounded green, then brown cones about 2.5cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW China, unknown as a living tree (known only from fossil records) until 1941. Now a popular garden tree.
    132294.jpg
  • Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Conical deciduous conifer with shoots and leaves in opposite pairs. Trunk tapers and is buttressed at base, becoming ridged in older trees. BARK Rich reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. LEAVES 2.5cm long, flat and needle-like, pale green at first, becoming darker green later; on short, lateral shoots that are shed in autumn. Leaves emerge early in spring, and turn yellow, pink or red before falling. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers are produced on young shoots in separate clusters on same tree in spring. Males are yellow; females greenish, producing rounded green, then brown cones about 2.5cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW China, unknown as a living tree (known only from fossil records) until 1941. Now a popular garden tree.
    132274.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    130047.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    144482.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    144484.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    144485.jpg
  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    144486.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    101286.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    103460.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    104464.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    104465.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    104469.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    104566.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    108566.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    114194.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    116947.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    119500.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    122778.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    122786.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    123443.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    126894.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    126895.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    127548.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    128014.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    128228.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    128229.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    128464.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    128492.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    128687.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    128689.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    132834.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    132850.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    133442.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    133443.jpg
  • Sika Deer Cervus nippon Shoulder height 70-90cm Has body proportions of Fallow Deer but pointed antlers like Red Deer. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer, dark grey-brown in winter. Rump is whitish with black margin; tail is white with dark median line above. Male’s antlers appear in spring, mature in autumn, and are shed in winter Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with whitish spots. Male utters blood-curdling screams during autumn rut. Introduced to Britain from Far East. Feral populations exist in several parts of the region. Favours wooded country. Mainly nocturnal.
    133446.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    133615.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    135526.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    135527.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    141213.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    141214.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    141215.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    143011.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    143013.jpg
  • Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi Shoulder height 38-45cm Tiny, unobtrusive deer. Territorial and mainly solitary. Browses low vegetation. Adult is mainly reddish brown coat with whitish chest and belly. Has large head (with converging dark stripes on forehead) and short legs. Tail is long, reddish brown above but whitish below; conspicuous when raised in alarm. Male (buck) develops tusk-like upper canine teeth; antlers appear in autumn, shed the following summer. Female (doe) does not grow antlers. Fawn is tiny and reddish brown with white spots. Utters a piercing bark. Introduced from Far East, now locally common in scrub, woods and gardens.
    143207.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    144281.jpg
  • Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi Shoulder height 38-45cm Tiny, unobtrusive deer. Territorial and mainly solitary. Browses low vegetation. Adult is mainly reddish brown coat with whitish chest and belly. Has large head (with converging dark stripes on forehead) and short legs. Tail is long, reddish brown above but whitish below; conspicuous when raised in alarm. Male (buck) develops tusk-like upper canine teeth; antlers appear in autumn, shed the following summer. Female (doe) does not grow antlers. Fawn is tiny and reddish brown with white spots. Utters a piercing bark. Introduced from Far East, now locally common in scrub, woods and gardens.
    144334.jpg
  • Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi Shoulder height 38-45cm Tiny, unobtrusive deer. Territorial and mainly solitary. Browses low vegetation. Adult is mainly reddish brown coat with whitish chest and belly. Has large head (with converging dark stripes on forehead) and short legs. Tail is long, reddish brown above but whitish below; conspicuous when raised in alarm. Male (buck) develops tusk-like upper canine teeth; antlers appear in autumn, shed the following summer. Female (doe) does not grow antlers. Fawn is tiny and reddish brown with white spots. Utters a piercing bark. Introduced from Far East, now locally common in scrub, woods and gardens.
    144335.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144366.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144367.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144368.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144369.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144373.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144372.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144375.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144376.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144377.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144378.jpg
  • Red Deer Cervus elaphus Shoulder height 100-130cm Male (stag) is our heaviest deer. Size varies with region – southern animals are larger than northern ones. Lives in separate sex herds for much or year. Adult is reddish in summer but dark brown in winter. Has whitish rump patch and buffish brown tail. Only male has antlers: appear in spring, mature in autumn, shed in winter. Number of antler points increases with age. Calf is reddish brown with white spots. Female (hind) bleats and male utters bellowing roars during autumn rut. Common and native in Scotland. Locally also in Lake District, Exmoor, the New Forest and Norfolk.
    144379.jpg
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