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  • SCENTED MAYWEED Matricaria recutita (Asteraceae) Height to 60cm. Similar to Scentless Mayweed but scented and aromatic. Grows on disturbed ground. FLOWERS are borne in clusters of solitary, long-stalked heads, 20-30mm across, with yellow disc florets and white ray florets (Jun-Aug). No scales between disc florets. Receptacle is hollow and conical. FRUITS are achenes without black oil glands. LEAVES are feathery and much-divided. STATUS-Widespread and common only in the S.
    141370.jpg
  • Scented Mayweed - Matricaria recutita
    159127.jpg
  • Scented Mayweed - Matricaria recutita
    159453.jpg
  • PENNYROYAL Mentha pulegium (Height to 30cm) is mint-scented, creeping and downy perennial with upright flowering stems carrying discrete whorls of mauve flowers (Aug-Oct). It grows in damp, grazed ground beside ponds and the New Forest is the best place in the region to see the species.
    131898.jpg
  • Pennyroyal - Mentha pulegium
    161412.jpg
  • Pennyroyal - Mentha pulegium
    159418.jpg
  • Pennyroyal - Mentha pulegium
    159457.jpg
  • Pennyroyal - Mentha pulegium
    161411.jpg
  • Fox Vulpes vulpes Length 95-130cm Adaptable dog-like carnivore but with a catholic diet including fruits and berries. Mainly nocturnal; daytime shelter is called an earth. Adult has thick, mainly orange-brown coat with whitish jaws and underparts are white and white tip to tail. Feet and backs of ears are blackish. Yelping scream is uttered mainly by females for brief period in winter, to mark breeding season. Common, widespread and adaptable, found in towns and cities as well as countryside.
    144288.jpg
  • Fox Vulpes vulpes Length 95-130cm Adaptable dog-like carnivore but with a catholic diet including fruits and berries. Mainly nocturnal; daytime shelter is called an earth. Adult has thick, mainly orange-brown coat with whitish jaws and underparts are white and white tip to tail. Feet and backs of ears are blackish. Yelping scream is uttered mainly by females for brief period in winter, to mark breeding season. Common, widespread and adaptable, found in towns and cities as well as countryside.
    144291.jpg
  • SCENTED MAYWEED Matricaria recutita (Asteraceae) Height to 60cm. Similar to Scentless Mayweed but scented and aromatic. Grows on disturbed ground. FLOWERS are borne in clusters of solitary, long-stalked heads, 20-30mm across, with yellow disc florets and white ray florets (Jun-Aug). No scales between disc florets. Receptacle is hollow and conical. FRUITS are achenes without black oil glands. LEAVES are feathery and much-divided. STATUS-Widespread and common only in the S.
    131244.jpg
  • SCENTED MAYWEED Matricaria recutita (Asteraceae) Height to 60cm. Similar to Scentless Mayweed but scented and aromatic. Grows on disturbed ground. FLOWERS are borne in clusters of solitary, long-stalked heads, 20-30mm across, with yellow disc florets and white ray florets (Jun-Aug). No scales between disc florets. Receptacle is hollow and conical. FRUITS are achenes without black oil glands. LEAVES are feathery and much-divided. STATUS-Widespread and common only in the S.
    132190.jpg
  • STINKING CHAMOMILE Anthemis cotula (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm. Similar to Scented Mayweed but hairless and unpleasantly scented. Grows in disturbed ground. FLOWERS are borne in solitary heads, 20-35mm across, with yellow disc florets and white ray florets (Jul-Sep). Scales present between disc florets. FRUITS are achenes. LEAVES are feathery and much-divided. STATUS-Common only in S.
    118090.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    153640.jpg
  • Silver-lime Tilia tomentosa (Tiliaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Broadly domed tree. BARK Grey, ridged. BRANCHES Mostly straight and ascending. Young twigs whitish and woolly, darkening with age; buds greenish brown, to 8mm long. LEAVES To 12cm long, rounded; with heart-shaped base, tapering tip and toothed margins; dark green, hairless and wrinkled above, white and downy with stellate hairs below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5–10 off-white, strongly scented flowers are supported by yellowish bract. Fruit, to 1.2cm long, is ovoid, warty and downy. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native from Balkans eastwards; planted here and thrives in towns. COMMENTS Woolly leaves ensure no aphids, and hence no honeydew. SIMILAR TREE Pendent Silver-lime T. ‘Petiolaris’ (Height to 30m) is similar to Silver-lime, but branches have pendulous tips. Leaf underside is very white and downy, as is the long petiole.
    135034.jpg
  • Saint Lucie Cherry Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Often little more than a spreading shrub, but sometimes a small tree. BARK Greyish-brown and ringed with brown lenticels. BRANCHES Spreading, the young twigs covered with short greyish hairs and often slightly weeping at the tips. LEAVES Alternate, up to 7cm long and almost rounded, with a short point at the tip and a rounded or nearly heart-shaped base. The margin is finely toothed, the upper surface is glossy and the lower surface finely downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white, scented flowers, which open in April–May, grow in clusters of 3–10 in groups of racemes at the end of leafy shoots. The 5 petals are about 8mm long and surround the yellowish anthers. The fruit is a 0.6–1cm-long ovate or rounded black berry with bitter-tasting flesh surrounding a smooth rounded stone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of central and S Europe, growing in woodland glades and thickets. Planted in our region for ornament and naturalised occasionally.
    133711.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    130135.jpg
  • LIMESTONE WOUNDWORT Stachys alpina (Lamiaceae) Height to 80cm. Creeping and patch-forming, softly hairy perennial with upright flowering stems. Superficially similar to Hedge Woundwort but the plant is not scented when bruised. Grows in open woodland and on rocky ground on limestone. FLOWERS are 15-22mm long, often with creamy yellow markings; borne in whorls in open, leafy spikes (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are stalked and heart-shaped with rounded teeth. STATUS-Rare and restricted to protected sites in Gloucestshire and N Wales.
    131256.jpg
  • Great Scented Liverwort - Conocephalum conicum
    135894.jpg
  • Silver-lime Tilia tomentosa (Tiliaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Broadly domed tree. BARK Grey, ridged. BRANCHES Mostly straight and ascending. Young twigs whitish and woolly, darkening with age; buds greenish brown, to 8mm long. LEAVES To 12cm long, rounded; with heart-shaped base, tapering tip and toothed margins; dark green, hairless and wrinkled above, white and downy with stellate hairs below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5–10 off-white, strongly scented flowers are supported by yellowish bract. Fruit, to 1.2cm long, is ovoid, warty and downy. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native from Balkans eastwards; planted here and thrives in towns. COMMENTS Woolly leaves ensure no aphids, and hence no honeydew. SIMILAR TREE Pendent Silver-lime T. ‘Petiolaris’ (Height to 30m) is similar to Silver-lime, but branches have pendulous tips. Leaf underside is very white and downy, as is the long petiole.
    135035.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    133228.jpg
  • Snowbell Tree Styrax japonica (Styracaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Spreading deciduous tree or large shrub. BARK Smooth, dark greyish-brown, fissured with age. BRANCHES Mostly ascending with zigzag slender shoots and purple-tinged buds. LEAVES Elliptical to ovate, to 10cm long with narrow bases, pointed tips, and finely toothed margin; deep glossy green above, turning yellow or red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White, lightly scented, 5-petalled flowers, to 1.5cm long, hang singly or in small clusters from branches; open in midsummer. Fruit is an egg-shaped berry, to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E Asia, planted here for ornament.
    132541.jpg
  • HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera periclymenum (Caprifoliaceae) Height to 5M. Familiar and woody climber that twines clockwise up other shrubs and trees. Grows in woodland, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm long and scented, the corolla trumpet-shaped, 2-lipped and creamy yellow to white; borne in whorled heads (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are red berries that appear in clusters. LEAVES are grey-green, oval and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout the region.
    128048.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    153637.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    153638.jpg
  • Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, spreading evergreen tree, or usually a shrub. BARK Smooth or occasionally flaking, and very dark grey to black. BRANCHES Widely spreading, with twigs that are reddish and smooth. LEAVES Dark-green, glossy and slightly leathery, and up to 13cm long. The leaves are lanceolate to elliptical and tapering at the tip, with a rounded base and a toothed margin. The reddish petiole is about 2cm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white flowers are borne in long tapering spikes, up to 26cm long and composed of about 100 strongly scented flowers. They grow out of the leaf axils and exceed the length of the leaves, and are usually pendent. The fruits are up to 1.3cm long, ovoid or rounded with a tapering tip, purplish-black when ripe and containing a smooth, rounded stone with a ridged margin. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Portugal, Spain and SW France, but frequently planted elsewhere in the milder parts of W Europe, including Britain and Ireland.
    135446.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    135178.jpg
  • Saint Lucie Cherry Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Often little more than a spreading shrub, but sometimes a small tree. BARK Greyish-brown and ringed with brown lenticels. BRANCHES Spreading, the young twigs covered with short greyish hairs and often slightly weeping at the tips. LEAVES Alternate, up to 7cm long and almost rounded, with a short point at the tip and a rounded or nearly heart-shaped base. The margin is finely toothed, the upper surface is glossy and the lower surface finely downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white, scented flowers, which open in April–May, grow in clusters of 3–10 in groups of racemes at the end of leafy shoots. The 5 petals are about 8mm long and surround the yellowish anthers. The fruit is a 0.6–1cm-long ovate or rounded black berry with bitter-tasting flesh surrounding a smooth rounded stone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of central and S Europe, growing in woodland glades and thickets. Planted in our region for ornament and naturalised occasionally.
    134635.jpg
  • Kohuhu Pittosporum tenuifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Stout-boled tree. BARK Smooth and dark grey. BRANCHES Densely packed; shoots purplish black. LEAVES Oblong or elliptical, to 6cm long and 2cm across with a wavy margin; glossy above, less shiny below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Scented tubular flowers, to 1cm long, have 5 deep-purplish lobes and yellow anthers; in clusters or solitary, in leaf axils. Fruit is a rounded capsule, about 1cm long, ripening from green to black. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand; planted here but not hardy, thriving only in Scillies and W Cornwall.
    133805.jpg
  • Silver-lime Tilia tomentosa (Tiliaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Broadly domed tree. BARK Grey, ridged. BRANCHES Mostly straight and ascending. Young twigs whitish and woolly, darkening with age; buds greenish brown, to 8mm long. LEAVES To 12cm long, rounded; with heart-shaped base, tapering tip and toothed margins; dark green, hairless and wrinkled above, white and downy with stellate hairs below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5–10 off-white, strongly scented flowers are supported by yellowish bract. Fruit, to 1.2cm long, is ovoid, warty and downy. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native from Balkans eastwards; planted here and thrives in towns. COMMENTS Woolly leaves ensure no aphids, and hence no honeydew
    132677.jpg
  • Snowbell Tree Styrax japonica (Styracaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Spreading deciduous tree or large shrub. BARK Smooth, dark greyish-brown, fissured with age. BRANCHES Mostly ascending with zigzag slender shoots and purple-tinged buds. LEAVES Elliptical to ovate, to 10cm long with narrow bases, pointed tips, and finely toothed margin; deep glossy green above, turning yellow or red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White, lightly scented, 5-petalled flowers, to 1.5cm long, hang singly or in small clusters from branches; open in midsummer. Fruit is an egg-shaped berry, to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E Asia, planted here for ornament.
    132544.jpg
  • Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, spreading evergreen tree, or usually a shrub. BARK Smooth or occasionally flaking, and very dark grey to black. BRANCHES Widely spreading, with twigs that are reddish and smooth. LEAVES Dark-green, glossy and slightly leathery, and up to 13cm long. The leaves are lanceolate to elliptical and tapering at the tip, with a rounded base and a toothed margin. The reddish petiole is about 2cm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white flowers are borne in long tapering spikes, up to 26cm long and composed of about 100 strongly scented flowers. They grow out of the leaf axils and exceed the length of the leaves, and are usually pendent. The fruits are up to 1.3cm long, ovoid or rounded with a tapering tip, purplish-black when ripe and containing a smooth, rounded stone with a ridged margin. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Portugal, Spain and SW France, but frequently planted elsewhere in the milder parts of W Europe, including Britain and Ireland.
    132480.jpg
  • Kohuhu Pittosporum tenuifolium (Pittosporaceae)HEIGHT to 10m. Stout-boled tree. BARK Smooth and dark grey. BRANCHES Densely packed; shoots purplish black. LEAVES Oblong or elliptical, to 6cm long and 2cm across with a wavy margin; glossy above, less shiny below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Scented tubular flowers, to 1cm long, have 5 deep-purplish lobes and yellow anthers; in clusters or solitary, in leaf axils. Fruit is a rounded capsule, about 1cm long, ripening from green to black. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of New Zealand; planted here but not hardy, thriving only in Scillies and W Cornwall.
    132460.jpg
  • NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY Silene noctiflora (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 60cm. Stickily hairy annual of arable fields, mainly on chalk or sandy soils. FLOWERS recall those of White Campion. However, petals are pinkish above, yellowish below and inrolled by day, opening at night, when they are scented (May-Jul). FRUITS are capsules with 6 reflexed teeth. LEAVES are ovate. STATUS-Local and declining.
    134499.jpg
  • NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY Silene noctiflora (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 60cm. Stickily hairy annual of arable fields, mainly on chalk or sandy soils. FLOWERS recall those of White Campion. However, petals are pinkish above, yellowish below and inrolled by day, opening at night, when they are scented (May-Jul). FRUITS are capsules with 6 reflexed teeth. LEAVES are ovate. STATUS-Local and declining.
    134498.jpg
  • LIMESTONE WOUNDWORT Stachys alpina (Lamiaceae) Height to 80cm. Creeping and patch-forming, softly hairy perennial with upright flowering stems. Superficially similar to Hedge Woundwort but the plant is not scented when bruised. Grows in open woodland and on rocky ground on limestone. FLOWERS are 15-22mm long, often with creamy yellow markings; borne in whorls in open, leafy spikes (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are stalked and heart-shaped with rounded teeth. STATUS-Rare and restricted to protected sites in Gloucestshire and N Wales.
    134291.jpg
  • LIMESTONE WOUNDWORT Stachys alpina (Lamiaceae) Height to 80cm. Creeping and patch-forming, softly hairy perennial with upright flowering stems. Superficially similar to Hedge Woundwort but the plant is not scented when bruised. Grows in open woodland and on rocky ground on limestone. FLOWERS are 15-22mm long, often with creamy yellow markings; borne in whorls in open, leafy spikes (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are stalked and heart-shaped with rounded teeth. STATUS-Rare and restricted to protected sites in Gloucestshire and N Wales.
    134290.jpg
  • HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera periclymenum (Caprifoliaceae) Height to 5M. Familiar and woody climber that twines clockwise up other shrubs and trees. Grows in woodland, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm long and scented, the corolla trumpet-shaped, 2-lipped and creamy yellow to white; borne in whorled heads (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are red berries that appear in clusters. LEAVES are grey-green, oval and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout the region.
    130392.jpg
  • HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera periclymenum (Caprifoliaceae) Height to 5M. Familiar and woody climber that twines clockwise up other shrubs and trees. Grows in woodland, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm long and scented, the corolla trumpet-shaped, 2-lipped and creamy yellow to white; borne in whorled heads (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are red berries that appear in clusters. LEAVES are grey-green, oval and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout the region.
    144542.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    144438.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    144437.jpg
  • Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, spreading evergreen tree, or usually a shrub. BARK Smooth or occasionally flaking, and very dark grey to black. BRANCHES Widely spreading, with twigs that are reddish and smooth. LEAVES Dark-green, glossy and slightly leathery, and up to 13cm long. The leaves are lanceolate to elliptical and tapering at the tip, with a rounded base and a toothed margin. The reddish petiole is about 2cm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white flowers are borne in long tapering spikes, up to 26cm long and composed of about 100 strongly scented flowers. They grow out of the leaf axils and exceed the length of the leaves, and are usually pendent. The fruits are up to 1.3cm long, ovoid or rounded with a tapering tip, purplish-black when ripe and containing a smooth, rounded stone with a ridged margin. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Portugal, Spain and SW France, but frequently planted elsewhere in the milder parts of W Europe, including Britain and Ireland.
    134766.jpg
  • Saint Lucie Cherry Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Often little more than a spreading shrub, but sometimes a small tree. BARK Greyish-brown and ringed with brown lenticels. BRANCHES Spreading, the young twigs covered with short greyish hairs and often slightly weeping at the tips. LEAVES Alternate, up to 7cm long and almost rounded, with a short point at the tip and a rounded or nearly heart-shaped base. The margin is finely toothed, the upper surface is glossy and the lower surface finely downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white, scented flowers, which open in April–May, grow in clusters of 3–10 in groups of racemes at the end of leafy shoots. The 5 petals are about 8mm long and surround the yellowish anthers. The fruit is a 0.6–1cm-long ovate or rounded black berry with bitter-tasting flesh surrounding a smooth rounded stone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of central and S Europe, growing in woodland glades and thickets. Planted in our region for ornament and naturalised occasionally.
    134659.jpg
  • Snowbell Tree Styrax japonica (Styracaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Spreading deciduous tree or large shrub. BARK Smooth, dark greyish-brown, fissured with age. BRANCHES Mostly ascending with zigzag slender shoots and purple-tinged buds. LEAVES Elliptical to ovate, to 10cm long with narrow bases, pointed tips, and finely toothed margin; deep glossy green above, turning yellow or red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White, lightly scented, 5-petalled flowers, to 1.5cm long, hang singly or in small clusters from branches; open in midsummer. Fruit is an egg-shaped berry, to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E Asia, planted here for ornament.
    134638.jpg
  • Snowbell Tree Styrax japonica (Styracaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Spreading deciduous tree or large shrub. BARK Smooth, dark greyish-brown, fissured with age. BRANCHES Mostly ascending with zigzag slender shoots and purple-tinged buds. LEAVES Elliptical to ovate, to 10cm long with narrow bases, pointed tips, and finely toothed margin; deep glossy green above, turning yellow or red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White, lightly scented, 5-petalled flowers, to 1.5cm long, hang singly or in small clusters from branches; open in midsummer. Fruit is an egg-shaped berry, to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E Asia, planted here for ornament.
    134637.jpg
  • Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, spreading evergreen tree, or usually a shrub. BARK Smooth or occasionally flaking, and very dark grey to black. BRANCHES Widely spreading, with twigs that are reddish and smooth. LEAVES Dark-green, glossy and slightly leathery, and up to 13cm long. The leaves are lanceolate to elliptical and tapering at the tip, with a rounded base and a toothed margin. The reddish petiole is about 2cm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white flowers are borne in long tapering spikes, up to 26cm long and composed of about 100 strongly scented flowers. They grow out of the leaf axils and exceed the length of the leaves, and are usually pendent. The fruits are up to 1.3cm long, ovoid or rounded with a tapering tip, purplish-black when ripe and containing a smooth, rounded stone with a ridged margin. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Portugal, Spain and SW France, but frequently planted elsewhere in the milder parts of W Europe, including Britain and Ireland.
    133775.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    133224.jpg
  • Mahonia japonica Height to 2m. Widely cultivated shrub. Native to northeast China but widely planted elsewhere for its ornamental value. Leaves are pinnate and glossy green. Flowers are yellow and scented; borne in inflorescences up to 20cm. Long. Fruits are black and berry-like.
    132626.jpg
  • Snowbell Tree Styrax japonica (Styracaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Spreading deciduous tree or large shrub. BARK Smooth, dark greyish-brown, fissured with age. BRANCHES Mostly ascending with zigzag slender shoots and purple-tinged buds. LEAVES Elliptical to ovate, to 10cm long with narrow bases, pointed tips, and finely toothed margin; deep glossy green above, turning yellow or red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White, lightly scented, 5-petalled flowers, to 1.5cm long, hang singly or in small clusters from branches; open in midsummer. Fruit is an egg-shaped berry, to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E Asia, planted here for ornament.
    132543.jpg
  • Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A small, spreading evergreen tree, or usually a shrub. BARK Smooth or occasionally flaking, and very dark grey to black. BRANCHES Widely spreading, with twigs that are reddish and smooth. LEAVES Dark-green, glossy and slightly leathery, and up to 13cm long. The leaves are lanceolate to elliptical and tapering at the tip, with a rounded base and a toothed margin. The reddish petiole is about 2cm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The white flowers are borne in long tapering spikes, up to 26cm long and composed of about 100 strongly scented flowers. They grow out of the leaf axils and exceed the length of the leaves, and are usually pendent. The fruits are up to 1.3cm long, ovoid or rounded with a tapering tip, purplish-black when ripe and containing a smooth, rounded stone with a ridged margin. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Portugal, Spain and SW France, but frequently planted elsewhere in the milder parts of W Europe, including Britain and Ireland.
    132481.jpg
  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
    108740.jpg
  • NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY Silene noctiflora (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 60cm. Stickily hairy annual of arable fields, mainly on chalk or sandy soils. FLOWERS recall those of White Campion. However, petals are pinkish above, yellowish below and inrolled by day, opening at night, when they are scented (May-Jul). FRUITS are capsules with 6 reflexed teeth. LEAVES are ovate. STATUS-Local and declining.
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  • LIMESTONE WOUNDWORT Stachys alpina (Lamiaceae) Height to 80cm. Creeping and patch-forming, softly hairy perennial with upright flowering stems. Superficially similar to Hedge Woundwort but the plant is not scented when bruised. Grows in open woodland and on rocky ground on limestone. FLOWERS are 15-22mm long, often with creamy yellow markings; borne in whorls in open, leafy spikes (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are stalked and heart-shaped with rounded teeth. STATUS-Rare and restricted to protected sites in Gloucestshire and N Wales.
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  • HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera periclymenum (Caprifoliaceae) Height to 5M. Familiar and woody climber that twines clockwise up other shrubs and trees. Grows in woodland, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm long and scented, the corolla trumpet-shaped, 2-lipped and creamy yellow to white; borne in whorled heads (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are red berries that appear in clusters. LEAVES are grey-green, oval and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout the region.
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  • Elder Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Height to 10m<br />
Untidy deciduous shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, furrowed, corky and lichen-covered with age. Branches Spreading, twisted, with white central pith. Leaves Opposite, compound with 5–7 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 12cm long. Reproductive part Flowers, white, sickly-sweet scented, in flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rounded, shiny-black berries, in pendulous heads. Status Common.
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  • Sawara Cypress Chamaecyparis pisifera (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 24m. Evergreen, recalls Lawson’s Cypress but with finer, paler foliage, and more open crown. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. BRANCHES Mostly level. LEAVES Scale-like with white marks on undersides; resinous scent when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are small brownish cones, female flowers are paler brown, growing in clusters at shoot tips. Wrinkled, pea-like cones are 6-8mm across and hidden among foliage. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mountain woodlands in Japan.
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  • Sweet Gum Liquidamber styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. A large tree with attractive foliage. BARK Greyish brown with scaly ridges. BRANCHES Twisting and spreading to upcurved. LEAVES Sharply lobed with a toothed margin. They are alternate and give off a resinous scent when crushed, unlike maple leaves, which they resemble. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are globose; fruits are spiny and pendulous, 2.5– 4cm across, resembling those of a Plane. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native tree of the south-eastern USA as far south as Central America. Familiar here as a colourful autumn tree in many parks and gardens.
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  • Sweet Gum Liquidamber styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. A large tree with attractive foliage. BARK Greyish brown with scaly ridges. BRANCHES Twisting and spreading to upcurved. LEAVES Sharply lobed with a toothed margin. They are alternate and give off a resinous scent when crushed, unlike maple leaves, which they resemble. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are globose; fruits are spiny and pendulous, 2.5– 4cm across, resembling those of a Plane. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native tree of the south-eastern USA as far south as Central America. Familiar here as a colourful autumn tree in many parks and gardens.
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  • Sweet Gum Liquidamber styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. A large tree with attractive foliage. BARK Greyish brown with scaly ridges. BRANCHES Twisting and spreading to upcurved. LEAVES Sharply lobed with a toothed margin. They are alternate and give off a resinous scent when crushed, unlike maple leaves, which they resemble. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are globose; fruits are spiny and pendulous, 2.5– 4cm across, resembling those of a Plane. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native tree of the south-eastern USA as far south as Central America. Familiar here as a colourful autumn tree in many parks and gardens.
    135422.jpg
  • Sawara Cypress Chamaecyparis pisifera (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 24m. Evergreen, recalls Lawson’s Cypress but with finer, paler foliage, and more open crown. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. BRANCHES Mostly level. LEAVES Scale-like with white marks on undersides; resinous scent when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are small brownish cones, female flowers are paler brown, growing in clusters at shoot tips. Wrinkled, pea-like cones are 6-8mm across and hidden among foliage. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mountain woodlands in Japan.
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  • Bay (Sweet Bay) Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) HEIGHT to 17m <br />
Moderate-sized evergreen tree with a conical crown. BARK Smooth dark-grey or almost black. BRANCHES Mostly ascending and dark grey, terminating in reddish twigs and conical dark-red buds. LEAVES To 10cm long, narrowly oval or lanceolate with wavy margins; they feel tough and leathery and have a pleasing aroma when crushed. Upper surface is glossy dark green and underside is paler; glands that release scent can be seen through a hand-lens. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are borne below the petioles against shoot and open in creamy-yellow clusters. Fruits are small, shiny-black berries up to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean area, but widely planted here and naturalised in the south.
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  • Californian Laurel Umbellularia californica (Lauraceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Dense evergreen with a domed crown and similar foliage to Bay. BARK Grey and cracked. BRANCHES Much-divided. LEAVES Similar to Bay but typically narrower and paler green or yellowish-green. Crushed leaves give off a stronger scent than those of Bay, which can induce painful headaches and nausea in some people. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellowish flowers grow in small, dense, rounded clusters and fruits are rounded and greenish, ripening to purple. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of W coast of North America, cultivated in milder parts of our region where some fine trees exist.
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  • Sawara Cypress Chamaecyparis pisifera (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 24m. Evergreen, recalls Lawson’s Cypress but with finer, paler foliage, and more open crown. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. BRANCHES Mostly level. LEAVES Scale-like with white marks on undersides; resinous scent when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are small brownish cones, female flowers are paler brown, growing in clusters at shoot tips. Wrinkled, pea-like cones are 6-8mm across and hidden among foliage. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mountain woodlands in Japan.
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  • Bay (Sweet Bay) Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) HEIGHT to 17m <br />
Moderate-sized evergreen tree with a conical crown. BARK Smooth dark-grey or almost black. BRANCHES Mostly ascending and dark grey, terminating in reddish twigs and conical dark-red buds. LEAVES To 10cm long, narrowly oval or lanceolate with wavy margins; they feel tough and leathery and have a pleasing aroma when crushed. Upper surface is glossy dark green and underside is paler; glands that release scent can be seen through a hand-lens. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are borne below the petioles against shoot and open in creamy-yellow clusters. Fruits are small, shiny-black berries up to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean area, but widely planted here and naturalised in the south.
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  • Californian Laurel Umbellularia californica (Lauraceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Dense evergreen with a domed crown and similar foliage to Bay. BARK Grey and cracked. BRANCHES Much-divided. LEAVES Similar to Bay but typically narrower and paler green or yellowish-green. Crushed leaves give off a stronger scent than those of Bay, which can induce painful headaches and nausea in some people. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellowish flowers grow in small, dense, rounded clusters and fruits are rounded and greenish, ripening to purple. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of W coast of North America, cultivated in milder parts of our region where some fine trees exist.
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  • Californian Laurel Umbellularia californica (Lauraceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Dense evergreen with a domed crown and similar foliage to Bay. BARK Grey and cracked. BRANCHES Much-divided. LEAVES Similar to Bay but typically narrower and paler green or yellowish-green. Crushed leaves give off a stronger scent than those of Bay, which can induce painful headaches and nausea in some people. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellowish flowers grow in small, dense, rounded clusters and fruits are rounded and greenish, ripening to purple. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of W coast of North America, cultivated in milder parts of our region where some fine trees exist.
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  • Sweet Gum Liquidamber styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. A large tree with attractive foliage. BARK Greyish brown with scaly ridges. BRANCHES Twisting and spreading to upcurved. LEAVES Sharply lobed with a toothed margin. They are alternate and give off a resinous scent when crushed, unlike maple leaves, which they resemble. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are globose; fruits are spiny and pendulous, 2.5– 4cm across, resembling those of a Plane. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native tree of the south-eastern USA as far south as Central America. Familiar here as a colourful autumn tree in many parks and gardens.
    134819.jpg
  • Sawara Cypress Chamaecyparis pisifera (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 24m. Evergreen, recalls Lawson’s Cypress but with finer, paler foliage, and more open crown. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. BRANCHES Mostly level. LEAVES Scale-like with white marks on undersides; resinous scent when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are small brownish cones, female flowers are paler brown, growing in clusters at shoot tips. Wrinkled, pea-like cones are 6-8mm across and hidden among foliage. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mountain woodlands in Japan.
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  • Sawara Cypress Chamaecyparis pisifera (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 24m. Evergreen, recalls Lawson’s Cypress but with finer, paler foliage, and more open crown. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips. BRANCHES Mostly level. LEAVES Scale-like with white marks on undersides; resinous scent when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are small brownish cones, female flowers are paler brown, growing in clusters at shoot tips. Wrinkled, pea-like cones are 6-8mm across and hidden among foliage. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mountain woodlands in Japan.
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  • Sweet Gum Liquidamber styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) HEIGHT to 28m. A large tree with attractive foliage. BARK Greyish brown with scaly ridges. BRANCHES Twisting and spreading to upcurved. LEAVES Sharply lobed with a toothed margin. They are alternate and give off a resinous scent when crushed, unlike maple leaves, which they resemble. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are globose; fruits are spiny and pendulous, 2.5– 4cm across, resembling those of a Plane. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native tree of the south-eastern USA as far south as Central America. Familiar here as a colourful autumn tree in many parks and gardens.
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  • Hay-scented Fern - Dryopteris aemula
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  • Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Small, slow-growing tree. LEAVES Needles, 2–4cm long, dark green, often flecked with white resin; turpentine-scented and persist for many years. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones, to 6cm long; 6mm-long spine on each scale. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Rocky Mountains, rarely planted here.
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  • YELLOW WATER-LILY Nuphar lutea (Nymphaeaceae) Aquatic<br />
Water plant of still or slow-flowing freshwater to a depth of 5m. Tolerates partial shade and nutrient-rich waters. FLOWERS are 6cm across, yellow and alcohol-scented; on stalks that rise well above the waters’ surface (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are flagon-shaped and smooth. LEAVES are up to 40cm across and leathery; unlike White Water-lily, basal lobes usually touch or overlap. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
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  • WINTER HELIOTROPE Petasites fragrans (Asteraceae) Height to 20cm. Creeping and patch-forming perennial that grows in damp or shady wayside places and hedgerows. FLOWERS are vanilla-scented and borne in pinkish lilac heads, 10-12mm across; these are carried in spikes, 20-25cm long (Dec-Mar). FRUITS are achenes. LEAVES are rounded, 20cm across, long-stalked and present all year. STATUS-Introduced as a garden plant but now widely naturalised throughout the region.
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  • Western Red-cedar Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 45m Tall, conical with buttressed trunk and upright leading shoot. BARK Reddish-brown with fibrous plates. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like, clasping shoots in alternate, opposite pairs; glossy, dark green above, paler below with pale markings. Crushed leaves pineapple-scented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female cones on separate trees. Small yellow or brownish male cones grow at shoot tips. Female cones ovoid, up to 1.2cm long, with 8-10 spine-tipped scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of W USA, grown here for timber or ornament.
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  • Hay-scented Fern - Dryopteris aemula
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  • Japanese Thuja Thuja standishii (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 22m. Broadly conical tree. BARK Reddish-brown, peeling in strips or broader flakes. BRANCHES U-shaped with pendent grey-green shoot-tips. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like on flattened sprays, lemon-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers at shoot tips, dark red at first, yellower when open. Female flowers greenish, in separate clusters on tips of different shoots on same tree; ripen to red-brown, scaly cones. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for ornament.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Western Red Cedar Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 45m Tall, conical with buttressed trunk and upright leading shoot. BARK Reddish-brown with fibrous plates. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like, clasping shoots in alternate, opposite pairs; glossy, dark green above, paler below with pale markings. Crushed leaves pineapple-scented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female cones on separate trees. Small yellow or brownish male cones grow at shoot tips. Female cones ovoid, up to 1.2cm long, with 8-10 spine-tipped scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of W USA, grown here for timber or ornament.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Monterey Cypress Cupressus macrocarpa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 36m. Large evergreen, pyramidal when young, domed and spreading when mature. BARK reddish-brown; ridged and scaly with age. BRANCHES Crowded, upright on younger trees, more level and spreading with age. LEAVES Small, scale-like, on stiff, forward-pointing shoots; lemon-scented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones yellow, up to 5mm across, are produced on tips of shoots behind female cones; females 2–4cm across, rounded and bright green at first, maturing purplish-green; each scale has a central point. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native near Monterey, California, where it is now rare and never attains the size it can in W Britain and Ireland.
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  • Monterey Cypress Cupressus macrocarpa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 36m. Large evergreen, pyramidal when young, domed and spreading when mature. BARK reddish-brown; ridged and scaly with age. BRANCHES Crowded, upright on younger trees, more level and spreading with age. LEAVES Small, scale-like, on stiff, forward-pointing shoots; lemon-scented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones yellow, up to 5mm across, are produced on tips of shoots behind female cones; females 2–4cm across, rounded and bright green at first, maturing purplish-green; each scale has a central point. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native near Monterey, California, where it is now rare and never attains the size it can in W Britain and Ireland.
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  • BEDSTRAW BROOMRAPE Orobanche caryophyllacea (Orobanchaceae) Height to 30cm. A distinctive plant, as broomrapes go. Its flowers are pinkish white or creamy yellow, clove-scented, and borne in spikes (June-July). As its name suggests, the plant is a parasite of bedstraws and grows in grassland, mainly on dunes but rarely also on downland. It is easiest to locate at Sandwich Bay in Kent.
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  • Balm-of-Gilead Populus x jackii (Height to 20m) has abundant sticky buds, on downy shoots, that are balsam-scented. Young leaves aromatic when newly opened, heart-shaped and downy below; on a downy petiole. Mature tree is open-crowned, suckers freely and forms thickets.
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  • Lemon-scented Fern - Oreopteris limbosperma
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  • Lemon-scented Fern - Oreopteris limbosperma
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  • Hay-scented Fern Dryopteris aemula
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  • Hay-scented Fern Dryopteris aemula  and Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina
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  • Lemon-scented Fern - Thelypteris limbosperma
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  • Pacific Silver Fir (Beautiful Fir) Abies amabilis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 32m. Has luxuriant foliage, a strong trunk thick tapering crown on in suitable wet climates. BARK Silvery. LEAVES Glossy, to 3cm long, silvery below and densely packed; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Smooth oval cones tinged purple; grow on upper surface of twigs. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Widely planted here for ornament.
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  • Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Small, slow-growing tree. LEAVES Needles, 2–4cm long, dark green, often flecked with white resin; turpentine-scented and persist for many years. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones, to 6cm long; 6mm-long spine on each scale. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Rocky Mountains, rarely planted here.
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  • Monterey Cypress Cupressus macrocarpa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 36m. Large evergreen, pyramidal when young, domed and spreading when mature. BARK reddish-brown; ridged and scaly with age. BRANCHES Crowded, upright on younger trees, more level and spreading with age. LEAVES Small, scale-like, on stiff, forward-pointing shoots; lemon-scented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones yellow, up to 5mm across, are produced on tips of shoots behind female cones; females 2–4cm across, rounded and bright green at first, maturing purplish-green; each scale has a central point. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native near Monterey, California, where it is now rare and never attains the size it can in W Britain and Ireland.
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  • Monterey Cypress Cupressus macrocarpa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 36m. Large evergreen, pyramidal when young, domed and spreading when mature. BARK reddish-brown; ridged and scaly with age. BRANCHES Crowded, upright on younger trees, more level and spreading with age. LEAVES Small, scale-like, on stiff, forward-pointing shoots; lemon-scented. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones yellow, up to 5mm across, are produced on tips of shoots behind female cones; females 2–4cm across, rounded and bright green at first, maturing purplish-green; each scale has a central point. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native near Monterey, California, where it is now rare and never attains the size it can in W Britain and Ireland.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Hinoki Cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Evergreen; recalls Lawson’s Cypress. BARK Reddish and soft. BRANCHES Mainly level. LEAVES Blunt-pointed, bright green with white lines below, eucalyptus-scented; in flat sprays. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Rounded female cones blue-green at first, yellowing with age. Male cones small, reddish-yellow. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan and Taiwan. Introduced to Britain in 1861; grows best in wetter areas.
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  • Common Juniper Juniperus communis Cupressaceae Height to 6m. Aromatic evergreen shrub or small tree. Bark Reddish-brown, peeling. Branches With 3-angled twigs. Leaves Needle-like, to 2cm long, in whorls of 3. Foliage is gin- or apple-scented. Reproductive parts Male cones small and yellow. Female cones to 9mm long and green, ripening through blue-green to black in 2nd year. Status Native of chalk downland in S England and moors and limestone crags in N Britain.
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  • Giant Fir Abies grandis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m Map<br />
Magnificent when mature. Fast-growing conifers, reaching a height of 40m in as many years. LEAVES Note the comb-like arrangement of soft, shining-green needles, borne in 2 rows on either side of downy olive-green twigs. Needles are up to 5cm long with a notched tip and 2 pale bands below; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are smooth, less than 10cm long and are produced high up on trees at least 50 years old; they break up on tree to release seeds, STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of coastal W USA. Planted in our region for ornament and sometimes commercially.
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  • Giant Fir Abies grandis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m Map<br />
Magnificent when mature. Fast-growing conifers, reaching a height of 40m in as many years. LEAVES Note the comb-like arrangement of soft, shining-green needles, borne in 2 rows on either side of downy olive-green twigs. Needles are up to 5cm long with a notched tip and 2 pale bands below; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are smooth, less than 10cm long and are produced high up on trees at least 50 years old; they break up on tree to release seeds, STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of coastal W USA. Planted in our region for ornament and sometimes commercially.
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  • Common Juniper Juniperus communis Cupressaceae Height to 6m. Aromatic evergreen shrub or small tree. Bark Reddish-brown, peeling. Branches With 3-angled twigs. Leaves Needle-like, to 2cm long, in whorls of 3. Foliage is gin- or apple-scented. Reproductive parts Male cones small and yellow. Female cones to 9mm long and green, ripening through blue-green to black in 2nd year. Status Native of chalk downland in S England and moors and limestone crags in N Britain.
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