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  • SEA RADISH Raphanus raphanistrum maritimus (Brassicaceae) Height to 60cm. Robust, roughly hairy annual. Found on stabilised shingle, sand dunes and coastal grassland. FLOWERS are yellow (May-Jul). FRUITS are pods with up to 5 beaded segments. LEAVES comprise pinnate lower leaves and narrow, entire upper ones. STATUS-Locally common in S and SW only.
    141475.jpg
  • LUCERNE Medicago sativa ssp. sativa (Fabaceae) Height to 75cm. Downy or hairless perennial. Found in grassy places but also cultivated. FLOWERS are 7-8mm long and borne in stalked heads of 5-40 flowers (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are pods that are spirally twisted. LEAVES are trifoliate with narrow, toothed leaflets that broaden towards the tip. STATUS-Widely naturalised as a relict of cultivation.
    131819.jpg
  • Bird's-foot - Ornithopus perpusillus Low-growing, often trailing downy annual of dry, sandy places. FLOWERS are 3-5mm long, creamy and red-veined; in heads of 3-8 flowers (May-Aug). FRUITS are constricted pods, arranged like a bird’s foot when ripe. LEAVES comprise 5-13 pairs of leaflets.
    100538.jpg
  • Robust, roughly hairy annual. Found on stabilised shingle, sand dunes and coastal grassland. FLOWERS are yellow (May-Jul). FRUITS are pods with up to 5 beaded segments. LEAVES comprise pinnate lower leaves and narrow, entire upper ones.
    101418.jpg
  • Indian Bean Tree (Southern Catalpa) Catalpa bignonioides (Bignoniaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. Medium-sized deciduous tree with a short bole. BARK Greyish-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Mostly spreading with smooth, stout twigs tipped with very small orange-brown buds. LEAVES Long-stalked, large and broadly ovate, to 25cm long and 20cm across, with heart-shaped bases and short-pointed tips; margins are untoothed, upper surface is smooth and lower surface is downy. Leaves are tinged with purple and downy when young, becoming a lighter, almost transparent green when mature. Usually late to open and early to fall. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 5cm-long flowers are an open bell shape with 2 lips; petals are white with purple and yellow spots; in large showy panicles in midsummer. Fruit is a long, slender bean-like pod, to 40cm long, that hangs from branches long after leaves have fallen; contains many inedible flat, papery seeds, to 2.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SE USA, planted here and quite common in many large cities, including London.
    134976.jpg
  • Green-winged Orchid - Anacamptis morio
    156639.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    129777.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    103418.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    129778.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    129773.jpg
  • Hogweed - Heracleum sphondylium
    161383.jpg
  • Killer Whale Orcinus orca Length 4-9m Distinctive, well-marked cetacean. The largest dolphin. Social, living in ‘pods’ of 5-20 animals. Feeds on fish, squid, seals and other cetaceans. Adult male has mainly blackish upperparts with grey saddle-like patch behind dorsal fin. Underparts are white and band of white extends onto flanks. Also has white patch behind eye. Dorsal fin is up to 1.8m tall, triangular and upright, sometimes even forward-leaning. Flippers are broad and paddle-shaped. Adult female is smaller with much shorter, shark-like dorsal fin.
    127962.jpg
  • Killer Whale Orcinus orca Length 4-9m Distinctive, well-marked cetacean. The largest dolphin. Social, living in ‘pods’ of 5-20 animals. Feeds on fish, squid, seals and other cetaceans. Adult male has mainly blackish upperparts with grey saddle-like patch behind dorsal fin. Underparts are white and band of white extends onto flanks. Also has white patch behind eye. Dorsal fin is up to 1.8m tall, triangular and upright, sometimes even forward-leaning. Flippers are broad and paddle-shaped. Adult female is smaller with much shorter, shark-like dorsal fin.
    127964.jpg
  • Long-finned Pilot Whale Globiocephala melaena Length 4-6m Medium-sized cetacean with distinctive head and dorsal fin shapes. Lives in sizeable groups (pods) and feeds mainly on squid. Head, back and dorsal fin are visible at same time when cruising at surface. Adult is mainly blackish with greyish saddle-shaped mark behind dorsal fin. Has white, thighbone-shaped mark from throat to vent, seen only when breaching. Head is blunt-ended, forehead is domed and flippers are long and sickle-shaped. Dorsal fin is broad-based and curved.
    142345.jpg
  • Killer Whale Orcinus orca Length 4-9m Distinctive, well-marked cetacean. The largest dolphin. Social, living in ‘pods’ of 5-20 animals. Feeds on fish, squid, seals and other cetaceans. Adult male has mainly blackish upperparts with grey saddle-like patch behind dorsal fin. Underparts are white and band of white extends onto flanks. Also has white patch behind eye. Dorsal fin is up to 1.8m tall, triangular and upright, sometimes even forward-leaning. Flippers are broad and paddle-shaped. Adult female is smaller with much shorter, shark-like dorsal fin.
    127963.jpg
  • Long-finned Pilot Whale Globiocephala melaena Length 4-6m Medium-sized cetacean with distinctive head and dorsal fin shapes. Lives in sizeable groups (pods) and feeds mainly on squid. Head, back and dorsal fin are visible at same time when cruising at surface. Adult is mainly blackish with greyish saddle-shaped mark behind dorsal fin. Has white, thighbone-shaped mark from throat to vent, seen only when breaching. Head is blunt-ended, forehead is domed and flippers are long and sickle-shaped. Dorsal fin is broad-based and curved.
    142343.jpg
  • Long-finned Pilot Whale Globiocephala melaena Length 4-6m Medium-sized cetacean with distinctive head and dorsal fin shapes. Lives in sizeable groups (pods) and feeds mainly on squid. Head, back and dorsal fin are visible at same time when cruising at surface. Adult is mainly blackish with greyish saddle-shaped mark behind dorsal fin. Has white, thighbone-shaped mark from throat to vent, seen only when breaching. Head is blunt-ended, forehead is domed and flippers are long and sickle-shaped. Dorsal fin is broad-based and curved.
    142344.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common Dolphin - Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    157579.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common Dolphin - Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    157576.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common - Dolphin Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    156909.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common - Dolphin Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    156910.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    106855.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common Dolphin - Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    157580.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common Dolphin - Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    157578.jpg
  • Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena Length 1.4-1.9m Our smallest cetacean. Lives in groups of 3-15 animals. Playful at surface. Adult has stout, streamlined body, blunt head and no beak. Flippers are small and oval and dorsal fin is triangular with concave trailing edge. Tailstock is thick and tail fin is broad. Upperparts are mainly dark grey while underparts are whitish. Has bluish grey patch on flanks, roughly between eye and start of dorsal fin.
    156901.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common - Dolphin Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    156908.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common - Dolphin Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    156911.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common - Dolphin Delphinus delphis. Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    156912.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    134570.jpg
  • ROUGH POPPY Papaver hybridum (Papaveraceae) Height to 40cm. Hairy annual of arable fields, mainly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 2-5cm across with 4 crimson, overlapping petals with dark-blotched bases; on hairy stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are ovoid to spherical with spreading, yellowish hairs. LEAVES are much divided and bristle-tipped. STATUS-Scarce and declining, mainly in S England.
    131422.jpg
  • ROUGH POPPY Papaver hybridum (Papaveraceae) Height to 40cm. Hairy annual of arable fields, mainly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 2-5cm across with 4 crimson, overlapping petals with dark-blotched bases; on hairy stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are ovoid to spherical with spreading, yellowish hairs. LEAVES are much divided and bristle-tipped. STATUS-Scarce and declining, mainly in S England.
    131412.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    136055.jpg
  • Short-beaked Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis Length 1.8-2.3m Our most regularly encountered dolphin. Gregarious, living in schools of 10s or 100s of animals. Adult is streamlined, with pattern of overlapping stripes and bands of pigmentation. Body is overall dark grey above and whitish below with broad, tapering yellow band on flanks from eye and mouth to just behind dorsal fin; grey band continues along flanks towards tail. Overall, yellow and grey patches resemble an hourglass. Flippers are narrow and black, with a black line running forward from base to throat. Dorsal fin is broadly triangular and curved backwards slightly.
    144353.jpg
  • Sea-rocket - Cakile maritima
    164340.jpg
  • Sea Radish - Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimum
    164239.jpg
  • Sea Radish - Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimum
    164238.jpg
  • WILD RADISH Raphanus raphanistrum has violet-veined white petals and beaded pods with up to 10 segments. Widespread relict of cultivation.
    131078.jpg
  • Hoary Stock - Matthiola incana (Brassicaceae) - on the cliffs of the Isle of Wight. Height to 80cm. Downy, greyish annual or perennial with a woody base to the stem. Associated with sea cliffs. FLOWERS are fragrant and 25-50mm across, with 4 white to purple petals (Apr-Jul). FRUITS are cylindrical pods up to 13cm long. LEAVES are narrow and untoothed. STATUS-Scarce and doubtfully native although possibly so in S England and S Wales.
    156695.jpg
  • Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 45m <br />
Tall deciduous tree with a high, domed crown; bole, branches and twigs are spiny. BARK Greyish purple. BRANCHES Mainly level, with curled twigs. LEAVES Alternate, either pinnate, with up to 18 pairs of 2–3cm-long leaflets, or bipinnate, with up to 14 leaflets no more than 2cm long. Leaf axes end in spines. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Tiny flowers open in June, are no more than 3mm long, may be male, female or both, and grow in compact clusters in leaf axils; greenish-white oval petals number from 3 to 5. Flattened pods with thickened edges, to 45cm long, are twisted or curved and become dark brown when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mississippi basin of N America, planted here for ornament.
    117601.jpg
  • False Acacia Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Medium-sized, open-crowned tree. BARK Spirally ridged. BRANCHES Snap easily. LEAVES Alternate, to 20cm long, pinnate, with 3–10 pairs of oval yellowish-green leaflets; petiole has 2 woody, basal stipules, each leaflet has a small stipule at petiole base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fragrant, white pea-like flowers in dense, hanging clusters, to 20cm long. Pods smooth, to 10cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to USA, planted here and naturalised.
    117597.jpg
  • Narrow-leaved Everlasting-pea Lathyrus sylvestris. Height to 3m. Hairless perennial with winged stems. Found in hedges and grassy places, often coastal. Flowers 2cm long, pinkish, flushed with yellow; in long-stalked groups of 3-12 (June-Aug). Fruits long pods. Leaves comprising one pair of narrow leaflets 10-15cm long, narrow stipules and branched tendrils.
    141404.jpg
  • WOOD VETCH Vicia sylvatica (Fabaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Elegant, straggling perennial of shady woods and steep, coastal slopes. FLOWERS are 12-20mm long, white and purple-veined; borne in spikes of up to 20 flowers (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are black, hairless pods. LEAVES comprise 6-12 pairs of oblong leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread but local; commonest in W.
    140122.jpg
  • SPINY RESTHARROW Ononis spinosa (Fabaceae) Height to 70cm. Similar to Common Restharrow but upright and bushy, with spiny stems. Favours grassland on clay and heavy soils. FLOWERS are 10-15mm long and deep pink, the wings shorter than the keel (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are pods that are longer than the calyx. LEAVES are trifoliate with narrow, oval leaflets. STATUS-Local, mainly in England.
    132044.jpg
  • SQUARE-STALKED WILLOWHERB Epilobium tetragonum (Onograceae) Height to 1m. Upright, downy perennial with 4-ridged stems (sometimes winged). Found in damp woods and on riverbanks. FLOWERS are 6-8mm across (upright in bud) with pink petals and a club-shaped stigma (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods (6-10cm long) that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are narrow and finely toothed. STATUS-Common only in England and Wales.
    131295.jpg
  • SQUARE-STALKED WILLOWHERB Epilobium tetragonum (Onograceae) Height to 1m. Upright, downy perennial with 4-ridged stems (sometimes winged). Found in damp woods and on riverbanks. FLOWERS are 6-8mm across (upright in bud) with pink petals and a club-shaped stigma (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods (6-10cm long) that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are narrow and finely toothed. STATUS-Common only in England and Wales.
    131294.jpg
  • SQUARE-STALKED WILLOWHERB Epilobium tetragonum (Onograceae) Height to 1m. Upright, downy perennial with 4-ridged stems (sometimes winged). Found in damp woods and on riverbanks. FLOWERS are 6-8mm across (upright in bud) with pink petals and a club-shaped stigma (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods (6-10cm long) that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are narrow and finely toothed. STATUS-Common only in England and Wales.
    131221.jpg
  • COMMON VETCH Vicia sativa (Fabaceae) Height to 75cm<br />
Scrambling, downy annual of grassy places and hedgerows. FLOWERS are pinkish purple and 2-3cm long; appear singly or in pairs (Apr-Sep). FRUITS are pods that ripen black. LEAVES comprise 3-8 pairs of oval leaflets, ending in tendrils. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common throughout; sometimes seen as a relict of cultivation.
    130746.jpg
  • BROOM Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Deciduous, branched and spineless shrub with ridged, 5-angled green twigs. Found on heaths and hedgerows, favouring acid soils. FLOWERS are 2cm long, bright yellow and solitary, or in pairs (Apr-Jun). FRUITS are oblong, blackening pods that explode on dry, sunny days. LEAVES are usually trifoliate. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    130708.jpg
  • CROWN VETCH Securigera varia (Fabaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Straggling, hairless perennial. Found in grassy places, usually on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 10-15mm long and pink and white; borne in long-stalked, spherical heads of 10-20 flowers (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are 4-angled pods, 6cm long. LEAVES comprise 7-12 pairs of oval leaflets and a terminal leaflet. STATUS-Naturalised locally.
    117768.jpg
  • COMMON WHITLOWGRASS Erophila verna (Brassicaceae) Height to 20cm. Variable, hairy annual of dry, bare places. FLOWERS are 3-6mm across and comprise 4 deeply notched whitish petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are elliptical pods, borne on long stalks. LEAVES are narrow and toothed; form a basal rosette from the centre of which the flowering stalk arises.
    105992.jpg
  • Broom - Cytisus scoparius. Height to 2m<br />
Deciduous, branched and spineless shrub with ridged, 5-angled green twigs. Found on heaths and hedgerows, favouring acid soils. FLOWERS are 2cm long, bright yellow and solitary, or in pairs (Apr-Jun). FRUITS are oblong, blackening pods that explode on dry, sunny days. LEAVES are usually trifoliate. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    157354.jpg
  • Hoary Stock - Matthiola incana (Brassicaceae) - on the cliffs of the Isle of Wight. Height to 80cm. Downy, greyish annual or perennial with a woody base to the stem. Associated with sea cliffs. FLOWERS are fragrant and 25-50mm across, with 4 white to purple petals (Apr-Jul). FRUITS are cylindrical pods up to 13cm long. LEAVES are narrow and untoothed. STATUS-Scarce and doubtfully native although possibly so in S England and S Wales.
    156694.jpg
  • Rosebay Willowherb (Chamerion augustifolium) on the dune system at Holme Nature Reserve, Norfolk. Height to 1.5m. Showy perennial of waste ground, cleared woodland and riverbanks, on a wide range of soil types. FLOWERS are 2-3cm across with pinkish purple petals; borne in tall spikes (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are lanceolate and arranged spirally up the stems. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    154253.jpg
  • Mimosa Acacia dealbata (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Medium-sized tree. Twigs, shoots and foliage are covered by silvery-white hairs. BARK Smooth, greenish-grey; blackens with age. BRANCHES Upright. LEAVES Fern-like tripinnate leaves; leaflets, to 5mm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Tiny yellow flowers, in small globular heads of 30-40 flowers, on long racemes of 20–30 heads. Pods flattened, to 10cm long; not constricted between seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Australia, grown here for ornament.
    135179.jpg
  • Laburnum Laburnum anagyroides (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 7m<br />
Deciduous tree with narrow, sparse crown and slender bole. BARK Smooth, greenish-brown, marked with blemishes. BRANCHES Often slightly pendulous; shoots grey-green with long, silky, clinging hairs. LEAVES Alternate, divided into three, each leaflet to 8cm long, elliptic and blunt-pointed at tip, on a 2–6cm-long petiole; hairy below when young. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellow, fragrant pea-like flowers appear copiously in 10–30cm-long pendulous racemes in early summer. Pods, to 6cm long, have smooth blackish-brown, dry outer skin. Persist on tree, twisting open to reveal pale inner skin and dark seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and central Europe, planted here for ornament; sometimes naturalised
    130419.jpg
  • CROWN VETCH Securigera varia (Fabaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Straggling, hairless perennial. Found in grassy places, usually on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 10-15mm long and pink and white; borne in long-stalked, spherical heads of 10-20 flowers (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are 4-angled pods, 6cm long. LEAVES comprise 7-12 pairs of oval leaflets and a terminal leaflet. STATUS-Naturalised locally.
    141463.jpg
  • RIBBED MELILOT Melilotus officinalis (Fabaceae) Height to 1.5m Attractive, upright and hairless biennial. Found in grassy places and on waste ground. FLOWERS are bright yellow and borne in spikes up to 7cm long (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are brown, wrinkled pods. LEAVES comprise 3 oblong leaflets. STATUS-Locally common and possibly native in S England and Wales; introduced elsewhere.
    140219.jpg
  • GORSE Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Evergreen shrub with straight, grooved spines, 15-25mm long. Found on heaths and grassy places, mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are 2cm long, bright yellow and coconut-scented with 4-5mm-long basal bracts (Jan-Dec, but mainly Feb-May). FRUITS are hairy pods. LEAVES are trifoliate when young. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    136861.jpg
  • WATERCRESS Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Brassicaceae) Height to 15cm. Usually creeping perennial of shallow streams and ditches. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal heads (May-Oct). FRUITS are narrow pods, 16-18mm long, containing 2 rows of seeds. LEAVES are dark green and pinnately divided; persist through winter. STATUS-Widespread and common; widely cultivated in S England.
    134551.jpg
  • BIRD’S-FOOT CLOVER or FENUGREEK Trifolium ornithopodioides (Fabaceae) Prostrate. Low-growing, hairless annual that is easily overlooked. Found in dry, grassy places, usually on sand or gravel. FLOWERS are 5-8mm long and white or pale pink; in heads of 1-5 (May-Oct). FRUITS are small pods. LEAVES are clover-like and trifoliate with toothed, oval leaflets. STATUS-Very local in S England, Wales and Ireland.
    133706.jpg
  • PALE WILLOWHERB Epilobium roseum (Onograceae) Height to 80cm. Similar to Short-fruited Willowherb but with only faint lines on the stem. Favours damp ground. FLOWERS are 4-7mm across, white at first, turning pink later (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are elliptical with a wedge-shaped base; stalk 2cm long. STATUS-Locally common in England and Wales; scarce elsewhere.
    132193.jpg
  • CREEPING YELLOW-CRESS Rorippa sylvestris (Brassicaceae) Height to 50cm. Sprawling, sometimes creeping annual of damp, bare ground that has solid, not hollow, stems. FLOWERS are 5mm across with 4 yellow petals, twice as long as sepals; in terminal heads (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are elliptical pods, 8-15mm long. LEAVES are pinnately lobed. STATUS-Locally common in England and Wales; scarce elsewhere.
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  • SPEAR-LEAVED WILLOWHERB Epilobium lanceolatum (Onograceae) Height to 80cm. Recalls a slender, grey-green form of Broad-leaved Willowherb with alternate leaves. Found in shady places. FLOWERS are 6-8mm across with a 4-lobed stigma; white at first, turning pink later (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are narrow and taper to the base. STATUS-Local, S England and S Wales only.
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  • LUCERNE Medicago sativa ssp. sativa (Fabaceae) Height to 75cm. Downy or hairless perennial. Found in grassy places but also cultivated. FLOWERS are 7-8mm long and borne in stalked heads of 5-40 flowers (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are pods that are spirally twisted. LEAVES are trifoliate with narrow, toothed leaflets that broaden towards the tip. STATUS-Widely naturalised as a relict of cultivation.
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  • GREAT WILLOWHERB Epilobium hirsutum (Onograceae) Height to 2m. Downy perennial with a round stem. Favours damp habitats such as fens and riverbanks. FLOWERS are 25mm across and pinkish purple with pale centres, and a 4-lobed stigma; in terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are broadly oval, hairy and clasping. STATUS-Widespread and common, except in the N.
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  • COMMON BIRD’S-FOOT-TREFOIL Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) Height to 10cm. Sprawling, solid-stemmed and usually hairless perennial. Found in grassy places. FLOWERS are red in bud but yellow and 15mm long when open; in heads on stalks to 8cm long (May-Sep). FRUITS are slender pods; splayed like a bird’s foot when ripe. LEAVES have 5 leaflets but appear trifoliate (lower pair at stalk base). STATUS-Common.
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  • SEA STOCK Matthiola sinuata (Brassicaceae) Height to 80cm<br />
Downy, grey-green perennial, the base of which is not woody. Associated with coastal dunes and sea cliffs. FLOWERS are fragrant and 25-50mm across, with 4 pinkish petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are narrow and elongated pods. LEAVES are narrow with toothed or lobed margins. STATUS-Rare, SW England, S Wales, S Ireland and Channel Islands only.
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  • COMMON VETCH Vicia sativa (Fabaceae) Height to 75cm<br />
Scrambling, downy annual of grassy places and hedgerows. FLOWERS are pinkish purple and 2-3cm long; appear singly or in pairs (Apr-Sep). FRUITS are pods that ripen black. LEAVES comprise 3-8 pairs of oval leaflets, ending in tendrils. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common throughout; sometimes seen as a relict of cultivation.
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  • KIDNEY VETCH Anthyllis vulneraria (Fabaceae) Height to 30cm. Perennial covered in silky hairs. Found on calcareous grassland and coastal slopes. FLOWERS are yellow, orange or red; borne in paired, kidney-shaped heads, 3cm across (May-Sep). FRUITS are short pods. LEAVES comprise pairs of narrow leaflets, the terminal one being the largest. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
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  • SPOTTED MEDICK Medicago arabica (Fabaceae) Prostrate<br />
Creeping annual of dry, grass places, often near the sea. FLOWERS are small and yellow; borne in heads (5-7mm across) of 1-6 flowers (Apr-Sep). FRUITS are spirally coiled and spiny pods. LEAVES are trifoliate, the heart-shaped leaflets bearing a dark central spot. STATUS-Local in S and E England, and mainly coastal.
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  • GREAT YELLOW-CRESS Rorippa amphibia (Brassicaceae) Height to 1.2m. Robust, hairless perennial with stout, hollow stems. Favours damp ground and the margins of freshwater habitats. FLOWERS are 5-7mm across with 4 yellow petals, twice the length of the sepals; in terminal heads (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are elliptical pods, 3-6mm long. LEAVES are pinnately lobed. STATUS-Locally common in S but absent from N
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  • SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Trifolium subterraneum (Fabaceae) Prostrate. Low-growing, hairy annual, found in short grassland on sand and gravel, usually near the coast. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and creamy white; in clusters of 2-6 in leaf axils (May-Jun). FRUITS are pods that ‘burrow’ into the soil, pushed by elongating stalks. LEAVES are trifoliate with broadly oval, notched leaflets. STATUS-Local, mainly in S.
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  • YELLOW VETCHLING Lathyrus aphaca (Fabaceae) Height to 80cm. Hairless, scrambling annual with angled stems and a waxy, grey-green appearance. Restricted to chalk grassland. FLOWERS are 12mm long and yellow; solitary and borne on long stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are curved, brown pods. LEAVES are reduced to tendrils but note the leaf-like stipules. STATUS-Locally common in S England only.
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  • SICKLE MEDICK Medicago sativa ssp. falcata (Height to 70cm) is native form of cultivated Lucerne from which it differs in its yellow flowers and its sickle-shaped (not spiral) pods. It grows in grassy places in the Brecks, and is sometimes found on roadside verges.
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  • PURPLE OXYTROPIS Oxytropis halleri (Fabaceae) Height to 20cm. Tufted perennial, covered in silky hairs. Found on mountain rocks and sea cliffs (in far N), on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 20mm long and deep purple, with a pointed tip to the keel; in stalked heads (May-Jun). FRUITS are downy, 25mm-long pods. LEAVES are up to 15cm long with 10-15 pairs of narrow leaflets. STATUS-Extremely local.
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  • COMMON BIRD’S-FOOT-TREFOIL Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) Height to 10cm. Sprawling, solid-stemmed and usually hairless perennial. Found in grassy places. FLOWERS are red in bud but yellow and 15mm long when open; in heads on stalks to 8cm long (May-Sep). FRUITS are slender pods; splayed like a bird’s foot when ripe. LEAVES have 5 leaflets but appear trifoliate (lower pair at stalk base).
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  • HAIRY TARE Vicia hirsuta (Fabaceae) Height to 60cm<br />
Scrambling downy annual. Found in grassy places, especially on neutral or calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 2-4mm long and pale lilac; borne in groups of 1-9 flowers (May-Aug). FRUITS are hairy, 2-seeded pods. LEAVES comprise 4-10 pairs of leaflets and end in branched tendrils.
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  • SEA-KALE Crambe maritima (Brassicaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Robust perennial. Forms domed and expansive clumps on shingle and sandy beaches. FLOWERS are 6-12mm across with 4 whitish petals; in flat-topped clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are oval pods. LEAVES are fleshy with wavy margins; lowers ones 25cm long and long-stalked.
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  • PURPLE MILK-VETCH Astragalus danicus (Fabaceae) Height to 30cm. Attractive, downy and spreading perennial of dry, calcareous grassland. FLOWERS are 15-18mm long and purple; borne in stalked clusters (May-Jul). FRUITS are pods, covered in white hairs. LEAVES are hairy and pinnate, comprising 6-12 pairs of oval leaflets. STATUS-Local in E England and S Scotland; scarce in Ireland.
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  • Killer Whale Orcinus orca Length 4-9m Distinctive, well-marked cetacean. The largest dolphin. Social, living in ‘pods’ of 5-20 animals. Feeds on fish, squid, seals and other cetaceans. Adult male has mainly blackish upperparts with grey saddle-like patch behind dorsal fin. Underparts are white and band of white extends onto flanks. Also has white patch behind eye. Dorsal fin is up to 1.8m tall, triangular and upright, sometimes even forward-leaning. Flippers are broad and paddle-shaped. Adult female is smaller with much shorter, shark-like dorsal fin.
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  • Kidney Vetch - Anthyllis vulneraria. Height to 30cm. Perennial covered in silky hairs. Found on calcareous grassland and coastal slopes. FLOWERS are yellow, orange or red; borne in paired, kidney-shaped heads, 3cm across (May-Sep). FRUITS are short pods. LEAVES comprise pairs of narrow leaflets, the terminal one being the largest. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
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  • Hop Trefoil - Trifolium campestre. Low-growing, hairy annual. Found in dry grassland. FLOWERS are 4-5mm long and yellow; borne in compact, rounded heads, 15mm across (May-Oct). FRUITS are pods, cloaked by brown dead flowers in hop-like heads. LEAVES are trifoliate; terminal leaflet has the longest stalk. STATUS-Widespread and generally common; local in N and Ireland.
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  • Meadow Vetchling - Lathyrus pratensis. Height to 50cm. Scrambling perennial with long, angled stems. Favours grassy places. FLOWERS are 15-20mm long and yellow; borne in open, long-stalked terminal clusters of 4-12 flowers (May-Aug). FRUITS are 25-35mm long pods that ripen black. LEAVES comprise 1 pair of narrow leaflets with a tendril and large stipules. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • Weld - Reseda luteola. Height to 1.2m. Upright, hollow-stemmed biennial of disturbed calcareous ground. FLOWERS are yellow-green with 4 petals; in tall spikes in the plant’s second year (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are globular pods. LEAVES are narrow; form a basal rosette in the plant’s 1st year but appear as stem leaves in 2nd. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common, except in N and W.
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  • Katsura Tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Conical-crowned deciduous tree, sometimes with a single bole, more often with several main stems. BARK vertically fissured and peeling. LEAVES In opposite pairs, to 8cm long, rounded, with pointed tips and heart-shaped bases. Pink at first, turning green in summer, then red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in leaf nodes in April. Male flowers are small clusters of reddish stamens, female flowers are darker-red clusters of styles. Fruits are claw-like bunches of 5cm-long pods which change from grey, through green, to brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, grown in Britain and Ireland for ornament.
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  • False Acacia Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Medium-sized, open-crowned tree. BARK Spirally ridged. BRANCHES Snap easily. LEAVES Alternate, to 20cm long, pinnate, with 3–10 pairs of oval yellowish-green leaflets; petiole has 2 woody, basal stipules, each leaflet has a small stipule at petiole base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fragrant, white pea-like flowers in dense, hanging clusters, to 20cm long. Pods smooth, to 10cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to USA, planted here and naturalised.
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  • Weld - Reseda luteola (Resedaceae) Height to 1.2m<br />
Upright, hollow-stemmed biennial of disturbed calcareous ground. FLOWERS are yellow-green with 4 petals; in tall spikes in the plant’s second year (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are globular pods. LEAVES are narrow; form a basal rosette in the plant’s 1st year but appear as stem leaves in 2nd. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common, except in N and W.
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  • Pink Siris Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 13m <br />
Small tree. BARK Smooth and grey. BRANCHES Spreading. LEAVES Pinnate, to 40cm long; each leaf has up to 25 pinnae, each pinna with about 35–50 curved, ovate leaflets, to 1.5cm long, green above, white below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pinkish-orange plume-like flowers borne on branched hairy stalks; pods brown, to 15cm long, constricted between seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Asia, planted here occasionally.
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  • Pink Siris Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 13m <br />
Small tree. BARK Smooth and grey. BRANCHES Spreading. LEAVES Pinnate, to 40cm long; each leaf has up to 25 pinnae, each pinna with about 35–50 curved, ovate leaflets, to 1.5cm long, green above, white below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pinkish-orange plume-like flowers borne on branched hairy stalks; pods brown, to 15cm long, constricted between seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Asia, planted here occasionally.
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  • Laburnum Laburnum anagyroides (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 7m<br />
Deciduous tree with narrow, sparse crown and slender bole. BARK Smooth, greenish-brown, marked with blemishes. BRANCHES Often slightly pendulous; shoots grey-green with long, silky, clinging hairs. LEAVES Alternate, divided into three, each leaflet to 8cm long, elliptic and blunt-pointed at tip, on a 2–6cm-long petiole; hairy below when young. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellow, fragrant pea-like flowers appear copiously in 10–30cm-long pendulous racemes in early summer. Pods, to 6cm long, have smooth blackish-brown, dry outer skin. Persist on tree, twisting open to reveal pale inner skin and dark seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and central Europe, planted here for ornament; sometimes naturalised
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  • Katsura Tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Conical-crowned deciduous tree, sometimes with a single bole, more often with several main stems. BARK vertically fissured and peeling. LEAVES In opposite pairs, to 8cm long, rounded, with pointed tips and heart-shaped bases. Pink at first, turning green in summer, then red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in leaf nodes in April. Male flowers are small clusters of reddish stamens, female flowers are darker-red clusters of styles. Fruits are claw-like bunches of 5cm-long pods which change from grey, through green, to brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, grown in Britain and Ireland for ornament.
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  • False Acacia Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Medium-sized, open-crowned tree. BARK Spirally ridged. BRANCHES Snap easily. LEAVES Alternate, to 20cm long, pinnate, with 3–10 pairs of oval yellowish-green leaflets; petiole has 2 woody, basal stipules, each leaflet has a small stipule at petiole base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fragrant, white pea-like flowers in dense, hanging clusters, to 20cm long. Pods smooth, to 10cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to USA, planted here and naturalised.
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  • Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 45m <br />
Tall deciduous tree with a high, domed crown; bole, branches and twigs are spiny. BARK Greyish purple. BRANCHES Mainly level, with curled twigs. LEAVES Alternate, either pinnate, with up to 18 pairs of 2–3cm-long leaflets, or bipinnate, with up to 14 leaflets no more than 2cm long. Leaf axes end in spines. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Tiny flowers open in June, are no more than 3mm long, may be male, female or both, and grow in compact clusters in leaf axils; greenish-white oval petals number from 3 to 5. Flattened pods with thickened edges, to 45cm long, are twisted or curved and become dark brown when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mississippi basin of N America, planted here for ornament.
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  • Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 45m <br />
Tall deciduous tree with a high, domed crown; bole, branches and twigs are spiny. BARK Greyish purple. BRANCHES Mainly level, with curled twigs. LEAVES Alternate, either pinnate, with up to 18 pairs of 2–3cm-long leaflets, or bipinnate, with up to 14 leaflets no more than 2cm long. Leaf axes end in spines. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Tiny flowers open in June, are no more than 3mm long, may be male, female or both, and grow in compact clusters in leaf axils; greenish-white oval petals number from 3 to 5. Flattened pods with thickened edges, to 45cm long, are twisted or curved and become dark brown when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mississippi basin of N America, planted here for ornament.
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  • Laburnum Laburnum anagyroides (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 7m<br />
Deciduous tree with narrow, sparse crown and slender bole. BARK Smooth, greenish-brown, marked with blemishes. BRANCHES Often slightly pendulous; shoots grey-green with long, silky, clinging hairs. LEAVES Alternate, divided into three, each leaflet to 8cm long, elliptic and blunt-pointed at tip, on a 2–6cm-long petiole; hairy below when young. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Yellow, fragrant pea-like flowers appear copiously in 10–30cm-long pendulous racemes in early summer. Pods, to 6cm long, have smooth blackish-brown, dry outer skin. Persist on tree, twisting open to reveal pale inner skin and dark seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and central Europe, planted here for ornament; sometimes naturalised
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  • COMMON WHITLOWGRASS Erophila verna (Brassicaceae) Height to 20cm. Variable, hairy annual of dry, bare places. FLOWERS are 3-6mm across and comprise 4 deeply notched whitish petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are elliptical pods, borne on long stalks. LEAVES are narrow and toothed; form a basal rosette from the centre of which the flowering stalk arises. STATUS-Common and widespread throughout.
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  • WOOD VETCH Vicia sylvatica (Fabaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Elegant, straggling perennial of shady woods and steep, coastal slopes. FLOWERS are 12-20mm long, white and purple-veined; borne in spikes of up to 20 flowers (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are black, hairless pods. LEAVES comprise 6-12 pairs of oblong leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread but local; commonest in W.
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  • TUFTED VETCH Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Slightly downy, scrambling perennial. Found in grassy places, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and bluish purple; borne in one-sided spikes up to 8cm tall (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are hairless pods. LEAVES comprise up to 12 pairs of narrow leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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  • TUFTED VETCH Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Slightly downy, scrambling perennial. Found in grassy places, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and bluish purple; borne in one-sided spikes up to 8cm tall (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are hairless pods. LEAVES comprise up to 12 pairs of narrow leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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  • CROWN VETCH Securigera varia (Fabaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Straggling, hairless perennial. Found in grassy places, usually on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 10-15mm long and pink and white; borne in long-stalked, spherical heads of 10-20 flowers (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are 4-angled pods, 6cm long. LEAVES comprise 7-12 pairs of oval leaflets and a terminal leaflet. STATUS-Naturalised locally.
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