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  • SUFFOCATED CLOVER Trifolium suffocatum (Prostrate) is easily overlooked because it is low-growing and soon withers and dries. The stalked leaves are arranged around a stalkless cluster of whitish flowers with pointed bracts (Apr-May). The plant grows on bare shingle and sand near the coast and occurs, very locally, from Pagham Harbour to east Kent.
    133705.jpg
  • Northern Green Orchid - Platanthera hyperborea growing beside Marl Lake, Peter Lougheed Provincial Park, Kananaskis
    159972.jpg
  • Northern Green Orchid - Platanthera hyperborea growing beside Marl Lake, Peter Lougheed Provincial Park, Kananaskis
    159971.jpg
  • FIELD MADDER Sherardia arvensis (Rubiaceae) Creeping<br />
Low-growing, hairy annual with square stems. Found on arable and disturbed land. FLOWERS are 3-5mm across and pinkish with 4 corolla lobes; borne in small heads (May-Sep). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are narrow, oval and arranged in whorls of 4-6 along the stems. STATUS-Widespread; rather common in the S but becoming scarce further N.
    130866.jpg
  • BASTARD-TOADFLAX Thesium humifusum (Santalaceae) Prostrate. Low-growing plant of chalk grassland with sparse branches and a woody base. FLOWERS are cup-shaped and fused, white inside, yellowish green outside; 4 or 5 pointed lobes create a star-like appearance (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are greenish and ovoid. LEAVES are 5-15mm long, oval and yellowish green. STATUS-Extremely local and habitat-specific.
    134648.jpg
  • Erman’s Birch Betula ermanii (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 24m<br />
A fast-growing and attractive tree, easily recognised by studying its bark. The tree is more spreading and has a stouter bole than the Silver Birch, with which it frequently hybridises. BARK Pinkish, or sometimes shining yellowish white; it peels horizontally and hangs in tattered strips down the bole of mature trees; younger trees have a smoother white bark. BRANCHES Rather upright, with twigs that are warty and usually hairless. LEAVES Triangular to heart-shaped with a pointed tip and toothed margins; there are 7-11 pairs of veins and the stalks hairless. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of E Asia, and introduced into Britain and Ireland from Japan. The best specimens are seen in established gardens where the peeling bark is a fine winter feature.
    134716.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    134709.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    154626.jpg
  • Hungarian Oak Quercus frainetto (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Deciduous, rapid-growing oak that forms a fine, broadly domed tree. BARK Pale grey and finely fissured, breaking into fine ridges. BRANCHES Largest are long and straight, emerging from a sturdy bole; terminate in finely downy greyish-green or<br />
brownish twigs. LEAVES Large, deeply lobed, to 25cm long and 14cm wide. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pendulous yellow catkins appear in May and early June; acorns are borne in cups about 1.2cm deep covered in downy, blunt, overlapping scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Balkans, central Europe and S Italy. Planted here for its splendid appearance when mature.
    135233.jpg
  • Hungarian Oak Quercus frainetto (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Deciduous, rapid-growing oak that forms a fine, broadly domed tree. BARK Pale grey and finely fissured, breaking into fine ridges. BRANCHES Largest are long and straight, emerging from a sturdy bole; terminate in finely downy greyish-green or<br />
brownish twigs. LEAVES Large, deeply lobed, to 25cm long and 14cm wide. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pendulous yellow catkins appear in May and early June; acorns are borne in cups about 1.2cm deep covered in downy, blunt, overlapping scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Balkans, central Europe and S Italy. Planted here for its splendid appearance when mature.
    135226.jpg
  • Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Small, slow-growing tree. LEAVES Needles, 2–4cm long, dark green, often flecked with white resin; turpentine-scented and persist for many years. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones, to 6cm long; 6mm-long spine on each scale. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Rocky Mountains, rarely planted here.
    135047.jpg
  • Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Small, slow-growing tree. LEAVES Needles, 2–4cm long, dark green, often flecked with white resin; turpentine-scented and persist for many years. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones, to 6cm long; 6mm-long spine on each scale. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Rocky Mountains, rarely planted here.
    135046.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    134963.jpg
  • Hungarian Oak Quercus frainetto (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Deciduous, rapid-growing oak that forms a fine, broadly domed tree. BARK Pale grey and finely fissured, breaking into fine ridges. BRANCHES Largest are long and straight, emerging from a sturdy bole; terminate in finely downy greyish-green or<br />
brownish twigs. LEAVES Large, deeply lobed, to 25cm long and 14cm wide. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pendulous yellow catkins appear in May and early June; acorns are borne in cups about 1.2cm deep covered in downy, blunt, overlapping scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Balkans, central Europe and S Italy. Planted here for its splendid appearance when mature.
    134954.jpg
  • Erman’s Birch Betula ermanii (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 24m<br />
A fast-growing and attractive tree, easily recognised by studying its bark. The tree is more spreading and has a stouter bole than the Silver Birch, with which it frequently hybridises. BARK Pinkish, or sometimes shining yellowish white; it peels horizontally and hangs in tattered strips down the bole of mature trees; younger trees have a smoother white bark. BRANCHES Rather upright, with twigs that are warty and usually hairless. LEAVES Triangular to heart-shaped with a pointed tip and toothed margins; there are 7-11 pairs of veins and the stalks hairless. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of E Asia, and introduced into Britain and Ireland from Japan. The best specimens are seen in established gardens where the peeling bark is a fine winter feature.
    134715.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    134710.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    134708.jpg
  • Western Balsam-poplar Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Fast-growing (up to 2m per year), columnar when mature with a tapering crown and trunk. BARK Dark-grey bark with shallow grooves and fissures. SHOOTS Stout. LEAVES Pointed, tapering, glossy-green above and white below; turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, produced in April, slender and pendulous: males reddish-brown and females greenish. Seeds are hairy and produced abundantly. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Pacific coast of N America, sometimes planted here.
    133904.jpg
  • Downy Willow Salix lapponum (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing shrub. SHOOTS Downy at first becoming shiny and reddish brown with age. LEAVES Ovate to elliptical, to 5cm long, greyish green with silky hairs on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Stalkless catkins. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Local; damp mountain slopes and cliffs in Scotland.
    133900.jpg
  • Downy Willow Salix lapponum (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing shrub. SHOOTS Downy at first becoming shiny and reddish brown with age. LEAVES Ovate to elliptical, to 5cm long, greyish green with silky hairs on both surfaces. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Stalkless catkins. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Local; damp mountain slopes and cliffs in Scotland.
    133897.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    133882.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    133573.jpg
  • Erman’s Birch Betula ermanii (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 24m<br />
A fast-growing and attractive tree, easily recognised by studying its bark. The tree is more spreading and has a stouter bole than the Silver Birch, with which it frequently hybridises. BARK Pinkish, or sometimes shining yellowish white; it peels horizontally and hangs in tattered strips down the bole of mature trees; younger trees have a smoother white bark. BRANCHES Rather upright, with twigs that are warty and usually hairless. LEAVES Triangular to heart-shaped with a pointed tip and toothed margins; there are 7-11 pairs of veins and the stalks hairless. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of E Asia, and introduced into Britain and Ireland from Japan. The best specimens are seen in established gardens where the peeling bark is a fine winter feature.
    133311.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    132992.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    132936.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    132932.jpg
  • Hungarian Oak Quercus frainetto (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Deciduous, rapid-growing oak that forms a fine, broadly domed tree. BARK Pale grey and finely fissured, breaking into fine ridges. BRANCHES Largest are long and straight, emerging from a sturdy bole; terminate in finely downy greyish-green or<br />
brownish twigs. LEAVES Large, deeply lobed, to 25cm long and 14cm wide. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pendulous yellow catkins appear in May and early June; acorns are borne in cups about 1.2cm deep covered in downy, blunt, overlapping scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Balkans, central Europe and S Italy. Planted here for its splendid appearance when mature.
    132545.jpg
  • Western Balsam-poplar Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Fast-growing (up to 2m per year), columnar when mature with a tapering crown and trunk. BARK Dark-grey bark with shallow grooves and fissures. SHOOTS Stout. LEAVES Pointed, tapering, glossy-green above and white below; turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, produced in April, slender and pendulous: males reddish-brown and females greenish. Seeds are hairy and produced abundantly. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Pacific coast of N America, sometimes planted here.
    132477.jpg
  • Western Balsam-poplar Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Fast-growing (up to 2m per year), columnar when mature with a tapering crown and trunk. BARK Dark-grey bark with shallow grooves and fissures. SHOOTS Stout. LEAVES Pointed, tapering, glossy-green above and white below; turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, produced in April, slender and pendulous: males reddish-brown and females greenish. Seeds are hairy and produced abundantly. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Pacific coast of N America, sometimes planted here.
    132475.jpg
  • Western Balsam-poplar Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Fast-growing (up to 2m per year), columnar when mature with a tapering crown and trunk. BARK Dark-grey bark with shallow grooves and fissures. SHOOTS Stout. LEAVES Pointed, tapering, glossy-green above and white below; turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, produced in April, slender and pendulous: males reddish-brown and females greenish. Seeds are hairy and produced abundantly. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Pacific coast of N America, sometimes planted here.
    132468.jpg
  • Japanese Elm Ulmus japonica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 8m<br />
Spreading, low-growing tree. BARK Grey-brown, scaly and ridged. BRANCHES Upright and spreading with downy shoots. LEAVES Narrow-ovate, to 10cm long, dark green, rough above, downy below; leaf bases unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here partly for its resistance to Dutch Elm Disease.
    132263.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    132229.jpg
  • Western Balsam-poplar Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Fast-growing (up to 2m per year), columnar when mature with a tapering crown and trunk. BARK Dark-grey bark with shallow grooves and fissures. SHOOTS Stout. LEAVES Pointed, tapering, glossy-green above and white below; turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, produced in April, slender and pendulous: males reddish-brown and females greenish. Seeds are hairy and produced abundantly. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Pacific coast of N America, sometimes planted here.
    124968.jpg
  • Hungarian Oak Quercus frainetto (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Deciduous, rapid-growing oak that forms a fine, broadly domed tree. BARK Pale grey and finely fissured, breaking into fine ridges. BRANCHES Largest are long and straight, emerging from a sturdy bole; terminate in finely downy greyish-green or<br />
brownish twigs. LEAVES Large, deeply lobed, to 25cm long and 14cm wide. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pendulous yellow catkins appear in May and early June; acorns are borne in cups about 1.2cm deep covered in downy, blunt, overlapping scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Balkans, central Europe and S Italy. Planted here for its splendid appearance when mature.
    101854.jpg
  • Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Small, slow-growing tree. LEAVES Needles, 2–4cm long, dark green, often flecked with white resin; turpentine-scented and persist for many years. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones, to 6cm long; 6mm-long spine on each scale. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Rocky Mountains, rarely planted here.
    135048.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    135021.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    134982.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m. Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    134933.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    134717.jpg
  • Grey Alder Alnus incana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 25m <br />
A fast-growing alder more at home on dry soils than most other alders. Shoots and new leaves are covered with a dense layer of soft greyish hairs (hence incana). BARK Smooth and grey. LEAVES Triangular and toothed, terminating in a point, and the margins do not roll inwards. Hairs persist on the underside of the leaf as it matures. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The catkins and fruits are very similar to those of other alders, although the green fruits are more globose before ripening to the typical dark, woody alder cone. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of Europe, introduced into Britain but not often planted. A good species for wasteland and reclamation schemes.
    134707.jpg
  • Creeping Willow Salix repens Salicaceae Height to 1.5m<br />
Low-growing and creeping shrub. Shoots Sometimes downy and usually reddish brown. Leaves Ovate, usually untoothed, to 4cm long; hairless above when mature, with silky hairs below. Reproductive parts Catkins. Status Locally common on moors, heaths and coastal dune-slacks.
    133572.jpg
  • Western Balsam-poplar Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Fast-growing (up to 2m per year), columnar when mature with a tapering crown and trunk. BARK Dark-grey bark with shallow grooves and fissures. SHOOTS Stout. LEAVES Pointed, tapering, glossy-green above and white below; turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, produced in April, slender and pendulous: males reddish-brown and females greenish. Seeds are hairy and produced abundantly. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Pacific coast of N America, sometimes planted here.
    132476.jpg
  • Hungarian Oak Quercus frainetto (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 30m<br />
Deciduous, rapid-growing oak that forms a fine, broadly domed tree. BARK Pale grey and finely fissured, breaking into fine ridges. BRANCHES Largest are long and straight, emerging from a sturdy bole; terminate in finely downy greyish-green or<br />
brownish twigs. LEAVES Large, deeply lobed, to 25cm long and 14cm wide. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pendulous yellow catkins appear in May and early June; acorns are borne in cups about 1.2cm deep covered in downy, blunt, overlapping scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Balkans, central Europe and S Italy. Planted here for its splendid appearance when mature.
    132407.jpg
  • Japanese Elm Ulmus japonica (Ulmaceae) HEIGHT to 8m<br />
Spreading, low-growing tree. BARK Grey-brown, scaly and ridged. BRANCHES Upright and spreading with downy shoots. LEAVES Narrow-ovate, to 10cm long, dark green, rough above, downy below; leaf bases unequal. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Papery fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here partly for its resistance to Dutch Elm Disease.
    132285.jpg
  • DWARF PANSY Viola kitaibeliana (Height to 10cm) is clearly recognisable as a member of the violet family but is low-growing with tiny flowers (5mm long). It is found in short turf on sandy ground and flowers in early spring (Apr-May). Look for it on Bryher; the species also occurs on the Channel Islands.
    133646.jpg
  • Hop Trefoil - Trifolium campestre. Low-growing, hairy annual. Found in dry grassland. FLOWERS are 4-5mm long and yellow; borne in compact, rounded heads, 15mm across (May-Oct). FRUITS are pods, cloaked by brown dead flowers in hop-like heads. LEAVES are trifoliate; terminal leaflet has the longest stalk. STATUS-Widespread and generally common; local in N and Ireland.
    157359.jpg
  • SILVERWEED Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Low-growing perennial with long, creeping stems. Found in damp, grassy places and on bare ground. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across with 5 yellow petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are divided into up to 12 pairs of leaflets (with tiny ones between them) that are covered in silvery, silky hairs. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    132204.jpg
  • ICELAND PURSLANE Koenigia islandica. Height o 10cm. A low-growing annual with reddish stems and rounded, opposite and reddish leaves. Flowers are tiny and whitish. A rare plant of bare, damp ground in the mountains of Mull and Skye.
    131769.jpg
  • DWARF SPURGE Euphorbia exigua (Euphorbiaceae) Height to 30cm. Slender, low-growing annual that is grey-green, often branching from base. Found on cultivated ground, often on chalk. FLOWERS are yellowish (lack sepals and petals), the lobes bearing horns; borne in open, umbel-like clusters (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are smooth. LEAVES are untoothed and very narrow. STATUS-Locally common in S only.
    131449.jpg
  • MARSH PENNYWORT Hydrocotyle vulgaris (Apiaceae) Creeping. Low-growing perennial and an atypical umbellifer. Found in short, grassy vegetation on damp, mostly acid ground. FLOWERS are tiny, pinkish and hidden by the leaves; borne in small umbels (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are rounded and ridged. LEAVES are round and dimpled with broad, blunt teeth. STATUS-Widespread but commonest in the W of region.
    131408.jpg
  • ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN Pyrola rotundifolia (Pyrolaceae) Height to 15cm. Low-growing perennial of damp, calcareous ground including fens and coastal dune slacks. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, white and bell-shaped; style is S-shaped and protrudes beyond petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, long-stalked and form a basal rosette. STATUS-Local and declining across its range.
    131183.jpg
  • ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN Pyrola rotundifolia (Pyrolaceae) Height to 15cm. Low-growing perennial of damp, calcareous ground including fens and coastal dune slacks. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, white and bell-shaped; style is S-shaped and protrudes beyond petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, long-stalked and form a basal rosette. STATUS-Local and declining across its range.
    131181.jpg
  • HOP TREFOIL Trifolium campestre (Fabaceae) Height to 25cm. Low-growing, hairy annual. Found in dry grassland. FLOWERS are 4-5mm long and yellow; borne in compact, rounded heads, 15mm across (May-Oct). FRUITS are pods, cloaked by brown dead flowers in hop-like heads. LEAVES are trifoliate; terminal leaflet has the longest stalk. STATUS-Widespread and generally common; local in N and Ireland.
    131175.jpg
  • HOP TREFOIL Trifolium campestre (Fabaceae) Height to 25cm. Low-growing, hairy annual. Found in dry grassland. FLOWERS are 4-5mm long and yellow; borne in compact, rounded heads, 15mm across (May-Oct). FRUITS are pods, cloaked by brown dead flowers in hop-like heads. LEAVES are trifoliate; terminal leaflet has the longest stalk. STATUS-Widespread and generally common; local in N and Ireland.
    131173.jpg
  • SILVERWEED Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Low-growing perennial with long, creeping stems. Found in damp, grassy places and on bare ground. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across with 5 yellow petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are divided into up to 12 pairs of leaflets (with tiny ones between them) that are covered in silvery, silky hairs. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Trifolium subterraneum (Fabaceae) Prostrate. Low-growing, hairy annual, found in short grassland on sand and gravel, usually near the coast. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and creamy white; in clusters of 2-6 in leaf axils (May-Jun). FRUITS are pods that ‘burrow’ into the soil, pushed by elongating stalks. LEAVES are trifoliate with broadly oval, notched leaflets. STATUS-Local, mainly in S.
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  • LESSER HOP TREFOIL Trifolium dubium (Fabaceae) Height to 20cm. Low-growing annual. Similar to Hop Trefoil but hairless. Found in dry, grassy places. FLOWERS are 3-4mm long and yellow; borne in compact, rounded heads, 8-9mm across (May-Oct). FRUITS are pods, cloaked by brown dead flowers in hop-like heads. LEAVES are trifoliate with oval leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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  • SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Trifolium subterraneum (Fabaceae) Prostrate. Low-growing, hairy annual, found in short grassland on sand and gravel, usually near the coast. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and creamy white; in clusters of 2-6 in leaf axils (May-Jun). FRUITS are pods that ‘burrow’ into the soil, pushed by elongating stalks. LEAVES are trifoliate with broadly oval, notched leaflets. STATUS-Local, mainly in S.
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  • ALLSEED Radiola linoides (Linaceae) Height to 5cm<br />
Low-growing, rather bushy annual found on damp ground, usually on sandy or peaty ground and acid soils. FLOWERS 1-2mm across with tiny white petals; borne in dense terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are globular. LEAVES are oval, 1-veined and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread but local, and most common in SW England.
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  • Giant Fir Abies grandis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m Map<br />
Magnificent when mature. Fast-growing conifers, reaching a height of 40m in as many years. LEAVES Note the comb-like arrangement of soft, shining-green needles, borne in 2 rows on either side of downy olive-green twigs. Needles are up to 5cm long with a notched tip and 2 pale bands below; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are smooth, less than 10cm long and are produced high up on trees at least 50 years old; they break up on tree to release seeds, STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of coastal W USA. Planted in our region for ornament and sometimes commercially.
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  • Giant Fir Abies grandis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m Map<br />
Magnificent when mature. Fast-growing conifers, reaching a height of 40m in as many years. LEAVES Note the comb-like arrangement of soft, shining-green needles, borne in 2 rows on either side of downy olive-green twigs. Needles are up to 5cm long with a notched tip and 2 pale bands below; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are smooth, less than 10cm long and are produced high up on trees at least 50 years old; they break up on tree to release seeds, STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of coastal W USA. Planted in our region for ornament and sometimes commercially.
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  • Giant Fir Abies grandis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Magnificent when mature. Fast-growing conifers, reaching a height of 40m in as many years. LEAVES Note the comb-like arrangement of soft, shining-green needles, borne in 2 rows on either side of downy olive-green twigs. Needles are up to 5cm long with a notched tip and 2 pale bands below; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are smooth, less than 10cm long and are produced high up on trees at least 50 years old; they break up on tree to release seeds, STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of coastal W USA. Planted in our region for ornament and sometimes commercially.
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  • MARSH PENNYWORT Hydrocotyle vulgaris (Apiaceae) Creeping. Low-growing perennial and an atypical umbellifer. Found in short, grassy vegetation on damp, mostly acid ground. FLOWERS are tiny, pinkish and hidden by the leaves; borne in small umbels (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are rounded and ridged. LEAVES are round and dimpled with broad, blunt teeth. STATUS-Widespread but commonest in the W of region.
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  • BIRD’S-FOOT CLOVER or FENUGREEK Trifolium ornithopodioides (Fabaceae) Prostrate. Low-growing, hairless annual that is easily overlooked. Found in dry, grassy places, usually on sand or gravel. FLOWERS are 5-8mm long and white or pale pink; in heads of 1-5 (May-Oct). FRUITS are small pods. LEAVES are clover-like and trifoliate with toothed, oval leaflets. STATUS-Very local in S England, Wales and Ireland.
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  • SMALL-LEAVED COTONEASTER Cotoneaster microphyllus (Rosaceae) Prostrate. Low-growing, stiff and evergreen undershrub with twigs that are downy when young. Found on coastal limestone. FLOWERS are small with white, spreading petals; usually solitary (May-Jun). FRUITS are spherical, crimson berries. LEAVES are 5-10mm long, oval but blunt or notched at the tip. STATUS-Introduced and locally naturalised.
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  • Giant Fir Abies grandis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m Map<br />
Magnificent when mature. Fast-growing conifers, reaching a height of 40m in as many years. LEAVES Note the comb-like arrangement of soft, shining-green needles, borne in 2 rows on either side of downy olive-green twigs. Needles are up to 5cm long with a notched tip and 2 pale bands below; orange-scented when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are smooth, less than 10cm long and are produced high up on trees at least 50 years old; they break up on tree to release seeds, STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of coastal W USA. Planted in our region for ornament and sometimes commercially.
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  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
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  • Farmer baling summer hay
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  • Pyrola rotundifolia subsp norvegica - Varanger, Norway
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  • An example of a country garden hay meadow
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  • Eastern Balsam-poplar Populus balsamifera (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Conical to slightly spreading tree with numerous ascending branches arising from a tapering bole; base of bole is often surrounded by suckers. BARK Thinner than in other poplars and narrowly grooved. SHOOTS Young shoots (and 2.5cm-long buds) are covered with shiny resin. LEAVES To 10cm long, oval and pointed at tip with finely toothed margins; dark shiny green above, paler and downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Greenish catkins appear in late spring or early summer. Males (to 7.5cm long) and females (to 12.5cm long) on separate trees. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of N America. Cultivated here occasionally.
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  • Barley Field in the Test Valley, Whitchurch, Hampshire
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  • Tractor turning hay for haylage in summer meadow
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  • Farmer and tractor mowing grass for hay and haylage production
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  • Farmer and tractor mowing grass for hay and haylage production
    154689.jpg
  • Farmer and tractor mowing grass for hay and haylage production
    154690.jpg
  • Farmer and tractor mowing grass for hay and haylage production
    154692.jpg
  • Farmer and tractor mowing grass for hay and haylage production
    154693.jpg
  • Farmer and tractor mowing grass for hay and haylage production
    154695.jpg
  • Photograph showing farmer driving tractor with tedder attached turning cut hay during the summer.  This process assists with the drying of the grass to make hay prior to baling.
    154696.jpg
  • Photograph showing farmer driving tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154698.jpg
  • Photograph showing farmer driving tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154700.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154702.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154704.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154703.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154705.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154707.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154708.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154710.jpg
  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
    154713.jpg
  • Tractor with rake attached to the rear rowing hay in a summer field ready for baling
    154712.jpg
  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
    154714.jpg
  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
    154715.jpg
  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
    154716.jpg
  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
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  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
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  • Farmer in the process of baling hay
    154722.jpg
  • Close up of baler baling hay
    154723.jpg
  • Farmer baling summer hay
    154726.jpg
  • Farmer baling summer hay
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