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  • Sorbus lancastriensis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 5m<br />
A shrub or small tree. LEAVES Ovate, the margin with short, sharp teeth; 8-10 pairs of veins and leaves are downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers and fruits are borne on slightly downy stalks. Fruits are red, to 1.5cm long, with prominent lenticels when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Mainly confined to limestone rocks in NW England.
    134540.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    135207.jpg
  • Bullace and Damson Prunus domestica ssp. instita (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m<br />
A small deciduous tree. BARK Dull brown, sometimes tinged purple, with deep fissures developing with age. BRANCHES The branches are usually spiny and the young twigs and flower stalks are downy. LEAVES Alternate, up to 8cm long, with toothed margins, a smooth green upper surface and a downy lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are mostly white or sometimes green-tinged, and hang in small clusters of 2–3 on a 1–2cm-long pedicel, opening at about the same time as the leaves in early spring. The rounded fruits are about 5cm long and the skin is purplish in the case of Damson; most Bullace trees produce purplish fruits too although some forms are yellowish. The flesh is rather acidic at first and slightly astringent (although nothing like as unpalatable as that of a sloe) but it ripens to become sweet and juicy. The oval stone is flattened (but less so than that of Plum) and usually rough and slightly pitted. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Probably a hybrid between Blackthorn and Cherry Plum, widely planted throughout Britain and Ireland and also naturalised (more frequently than Plum), nearly always near human habitation.
    135177.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    134909.jpg
  • Hawthorn-leaved Crab Malus florentina (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Attractive and rather conical small tree with good blossom, small fruits and colourful autumn foliage. BARK Brown with yellowish scales. BRANCHES Mostly level to upright. LEAVES To 8cm long, sharply lobed, resembling those of Wild Service-tree. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers whitish and fruits red, around 1cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Possibly a hybrid between a Malus species and Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which it resembles. Planted occasionally.
    134838.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    134837.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    134660.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    134661.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    133708.jpg
  • Hawthorn-leaved Crab Malus florentina (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Attractive and rather conical small tree with good blossom, small fruits and colourful autumn foliage. BARK Brown with yellowish scales. BRANCHES Mostly level to upright. LEAVES To 8cm long, sharply lobed, resembling those of Wild Service-tree. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers whitish and fruits red, around 1cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Possibly a hybrid between a Malus species and Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which it resembles. Planted occasionally.
    132760.jpg
  • Hawthorn-leaved Crab Malus florentina (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Attractive and rather conical small tree with good blossom, small fruits and colourful autumn foliage. BARK Brown with yellowish scales. BRANCHES Mostly level to upright. LEAVES To 8cm long, sharply lobed, resembling those of Wild Service-tree. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers whitish and fruits red, around 1cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Possibly a hybrid between a Malus species and Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which it resembles. Planted occasionally.
    132752.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    132497.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    132300.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    129687.jpg
  • Strawberry Tree Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae) Height to 9m <br />
Small, spreading evergreen tree with a short bole and a dense, domed crown. BARK Reddish, peeling away in shreds that turn brown. BRANCHES Often ascending and twisted; twigs slightly hairy and reddish. LEAVES To 11cm long, with either sharply toothed or entire margins, and a prominent midrib. Dark glossy-green above, paler below; 1cm-long petiole is usually red and hairy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers borne in pendulous clusters late in year at same time as fruits from previous year; flowers white, to 9mm long, and sometimes tinged pink or green. Fruit is a round berry, to 2cm across; warty skin ripens from yellow through orange to deep red; flesh is acidic. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Main native range is SW Europe and Mediterranean; also occurs naturally in SW Ireland in open woods and thickets. Planted widely elsewhere.
    135450.jpg
  • Cherry-Crab hybrid Malus x zumi (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 9m<br />
Hybrid crab apple popular for its small red fruits. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Spreading. LEAVES Narrowly oval. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers white, arising from pink buds. Fruits ovoid, to 2cm long; typically red but lemon-yellow in cultivar ‘Golden Hornet’. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widely planted.
    135447.jpg
  • Cherry-Crab hybrid Malus x zumi (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 9m<br />
Hybrid crab apple popular for its small red fruits. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Spreading. LEAVES Narrowly oval. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers white, arising from pink buds. Fruits ovoid, to 2cm long; typically red but lemon-yellow in cultivar ‘Golden Hornet’. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widely planted.
    135436.jpg
  • Hawthorn-leaved Crab Malus florentina (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Attractive and rather conical small tree with good blossom, small fruits and colourful autumn foliage. BARK Brown with yellowish scales. BRANCHES Mostly level to upright. LEAVES To 8cm long, sharply lobed, resembling those of Wild Service-tree. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers whitish and fruits red, around 1cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Possibly a hybrid between a Malus species and Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which it resembles. Planted occasionally.
    134888.jpg
  • Bullace and Damson Prunus domestica ssp. instita (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m<br />
A small deciduous tree. BARK Dull brown, sometimes tinged purple, with deep fissures developing with age. BRANCHES The branches are usually spiny and the young twigs and flower stalks are downy. LEAVES Alternate, up to 8cm long, with toothed margins, a smooth green upper surface and a downy lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are mostly white or sometimes green-tinged, and hang in small clusters of 2–3 on a 1–2cm-long pedicel, opening at about the same time as the leaves in early spring. The rounded fruits are about 5cm long and the skin is purplish in the case of Damson; most Bullace trees produce purplish fruits too although some forms are yellowish. The flesh is rather acidic at first and slightly astringent (although nothing like as unpalatable as that of a sloe) but it ripens to become sweet and juicy. The oval stone is flattened (but less so than that of Plum) and usually rough and slightly pitted. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Probably a hybrid between Blackthorn and Cherry Plum, widely planted throughout Britain and Ireland and also naturalised (more frequently than Plum), nearly always near human habitation.
    134589.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    133642.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    133196.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    133190.jpg
  • Snowy Mespil Amelanchier ovalis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 5m <br />
Small deciduous tree or shrub. LEAVES To 5cm long with coarsely toothed margins and downy undersides when first open. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers in upright spikes of up to 8 white-petalled flowers; fruits blue-black fruits. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of mainland Europe eastwards; planted here occasionally.
    132935.jpg
  • Sorbus lancastriensis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 5m<br />
A shrub or small tree. LEAVES Ovate, the margin with short, sharp teeth; 8-10 pairs of veins and leaves are downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers and fruits are borne on slightly downy stalks. Fruits are red, to 1.5cm long, with prominent lenticels when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Mainly confined to limestone rocks in NW England.
    132664.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    132299.jpg
  • Cultivated Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. A familiar orchard tree producing copious quantities of edible fruits. BARK Usually brown and fissured. BRANCHES Tangled unless pruned. The twigs are downy. LEAVES Up to 13cm long, elliptical and rounded at the base with a slightly pointed tip and toothed margin. They are slightly downy on the upper surface and normally very downy on the lower surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are white or tinged with pink and, in some varieties, produced abundantly in short-stalked clusters. The fruits are normally larger than 5cm in diameter and indented at the pedicel. A great variety of shapes, sizes, tastes and colours exist. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Almost al¬ways found in cultivation in orchards and gardens across much of Britain and Ireland. Occasionally naturalized, or found in isolated places where human habitation once occurred, or where apple cores, containing  seeds (‘pips’) have been discarded. Cultivated Apple is a hybrid species, probably between the wild Crab Apple M. sylvestris and M. dasyphylla, and possibly M. praecox.
    120925.jpg
  • Hawthorn-leaved Crab Malus florentina (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Attractive and rather conical small tree with good blossom, small fruits and colourful autumn foliage. BARK Brown with yellowish scales. BRANCHES Mostly level to upright. LEAVES To 8cm long, sharply lobed, resembling those of Wild Service-tree. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers whitish and fruits red, around 1cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Possibly a hybrid between a Malus species and Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which it resembles. Planted occasionally.
    134858.jpg
  • Hawthorn-leaved Crab Malus florentina (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Attractive and rather conical small tree with good blossom, small fruits and colourful autumn foliage. BARK Brown with yellowish scales. BRANCHES Mostly level to upright. LEAVES To 8cm long, sharply lobed, resembling those of Wild Service-tree. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers whitish and fruits red, around 1cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Possibly a hybrid between a Malus species and Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which it resembles. Planted occasionally.
    132758.jpg
  • MOUNTAIN AVENS Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae) Height to 6cm. Creeping, perennial undershrub. Found on basic rocks, in mountains and, locally, at to sea level. FLOWERS are 3-4cm across with 8 or more white petals and a mass of yellow stamens (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are dry and 1-seeded, with feathery plumes. LEAVES are dark green, oblong and toothed. STATUS-Locally common in Scotland and W Ireland.
    131634.jpg
  • WOOD CRANE’S-BILL Geranium sylvaticum (Geraniaceae) Height to 60cm. Showy, tufted perennial found in damp, upland meadows and open woodlands, usually on base-rich soils. FLOWERS are 2-3cm across and 5 reddish purple (Jun-Aug). FRUITS end in a long ‘beak’. LEAVES are deeply divided into 5-7 lobes but appear rather rounded overall. STATUS-Absent from much of S England but locally common elsewhere.
    131642.jpg
  • SPOTTED MEDICK Medicago arabica (Fabaceae) Prostrate<br />
Creeping annual of dry, grass places, often near the sea. FLOWERS are small and yellow; borne in heads (5-7mm across) of 1-6 flowers (Apr-Sep). FRUITS are spirally coiled and spiny pods. LEAVES are trifoliate, the heart-shaped leaflets bearing a dark central spot. STATUS-Local in S and E England, and mainly coastal.
    130939.jpg
  • Sorbus croceocarpa (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Medium-sized tree. LEAVES Ovate with small marginal teeth; 9-11 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits orange, to 2cm long, with many lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Introduced.
    134644.jpg
  • London Plane Platanus x hispanica Platanaceae Height to 44m. Deciduous tree with tall trunk and spreading crown. Bark Grey-brown, flaking in patches. Branches Tangled and twisted. Leaves To 24cm long, 5-lobed, palmate. Reproductive parts Flowers rounded, in clusters. Greenish, spherical fruits have spiky hairs. Status Widely planted hybrid in towns and cities.
    132547.jpg
  • Bastard Service Sorbus x thuringiaca (Rosaceae) (Height to 16m) a naturally occurring hybrid between Common Whitebeam and Rowan. Leaves have 2-3 pairs of free lobes and fruits are brown.
    132319.jpg
  • Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis Rosaceae Height to 25m<br />
Spreading deciduous tree. Bark Fissured into squarish plates. Branches Straight; twigs shiny, buds green and rounded. Leaves To 10cm long, 3–5 pairs of pointed lobes; toothed margin. Reproductive parts Flowers white, to 1.5cm across, clustered. Fruits rounded, to 1.8cm across, rounded, brown. Status Scarce native of heavy soils; ancient woodland indicator.
    129862.jpg
  • Common Whitebeam Sorbus aria Rosaceae Height to 25m <br />
Deciduous tree or spreading shrub. Bark Smooth and grey. Branches Spreading; twigs brown above, green below. Buds ovoid, green, tipped with hairs. Leaves Oval, to 12cm long, toothed, very hairy below. Reproductive parts Flowers white, clustered. Fruits ovoid, to 1.5cm long, red. Status Native in S mainly on chalky soils; also widely planted in towns.
    129851.jpg
  • SWEET CICELY Myrrhis odorata (Apiaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Upright, downy perennial with hollow stems. Whole plant smells of aniseed when bruised. Favours grassland and damp ground, often near habitation. FLOWERS are white, with unequal petals, and borne in umbels up to 5cm across (May-Jun). FRUITS are elongated and ridged. LEAVES are fern-like, up to 30cm long and 2- or 3-pinnate; note the basal sheaths. STATUS-Introduced and naturalised, mainly N England and Scotland.
    134510.jpg
  • WILD MADDER Rubia peregrina (Rubiaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Straggly, bedstraw-like perennial; 4-angled stems have backward-pointing bristles on the angles. Grows in hedgerows and scrub and mainly coastal. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across, yellowish green and 5-lobed; in small clusters arising from leaf axils (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are black, spherical berries. LEAVES are dark green, shiny and leathery with prickles on the margins and midrib below. STATUS-Local, mainly coastal and in S.
    132393.jpg
  • HOUND’S-TONGUE Cynoglossum officinale (Boraginaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright, downy biennial that smells strongly of mice. Grows in dry, grassy places, often on chalky soil and near the coast. FLOWERS are 5-7mm across, maroon and 5-lobed; borne in branched clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS comprise groups of 4 flattened, oval nutlets that are covered in hooked bristles. LEAVES are narrow and hairy; lower ones are stalked. STATUS-Widespread but commonest in S and E England.
    132029.jpg
  • LUCERNE Medicago sativa ssp. sativa (Fabaceae) Height to 75cm. Downy or hairless perennial. Found in grassy places but also cultivated. FLOWERS are 7-8mm long and borne in stalked heads of 5-40 flowers (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are pods that are spirally twisted. LEAVES are trifoliate with narrow, toothed leaflets that broaden towards the tip. STATUS-Widely naturalised as a relict of cultivation.
    131819.jpg
  • COMMON GROMWELL Lithospermum officinale (Boraginaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright, downy perennial that grows along woodland margins and in scrub, usually on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 3-4mm across, creamy white and 5-lobed; borne in clusters (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are shiny, white nutlets whose texture resembles glazed china. LEAVES are narrow, unstalked and pointed with strongly marked side veins. STATUS-Locally common in S England and S Wales but scarce or absent elsewhere.
    131556.jpg
  • WOOD DOCK Rumex sanguineus (Polygonaceae) Height to 1m. Upright, straggly and branched perennial of grassy woodland rides and shady meadows. FLOWERS are borne in spikes; leafy only at the base (Jun-Aug). FRUITS have a single elongated wart. LEAVES are oval; basal ones are heart-shaped at base, sometimes red-veined and never waisted. STATUS-Widespread and common, mainly absent from Scotland.
    131391.jpg
  • Rowan Sorbus aucuparia Rosaceae Height to 20m <br />
Open, deciduous tree. Bark Silvery-grey, smooth. Branches Ascending with purple-tinged twigs and hairy buds. Leaves Pinnate, with 5–8 pairs of ovate, toothed leaflets, each to 6cm long. Reproductive parts Flowers to 1cm across with 5 white petals; in dense heads. Fruits rounded, scarlet, in clusters. Status Locally common native; also widely planted.
    134537.jpg
  • ASPARAGUS Asparagus officinalis (Liliaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Branched, hairless perennial that is either upright or prostrate. Young shoots are the familiar vegetable. Grows in free-draining grassy places. FLOWERS are 4-6mm long, greenish and bell-shaped; borne in leaf axils, with separate sex plants (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are red berries. LEAVES are reduced to tiny bracts; what appear to be leaves are in fact slender, branched stems. STATUS- Garden Asparagus (ssp. officinalis) is locally naturalised; prostrate Wild Asparagus (ssp. prostratus) grows on sea cliffs in SW.
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  • BLACK MEDICK Medicago lupulina (Fabaceae) Height to 20cm<br />
Downy annual of short grassland and waste places. FLOWERS are small and yellow; borne in dense, spherical heads (8-9mm across) of 10-50 flowers (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are spirally coiled, spineless and black when ripe. LEAVES are trifoliate, each leaflet bearing a point at the centre of its apex. STATUS-Widespread and rather common.
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  • CURLED DOCK Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Upright perennial of rough meadows and disturbed soils. FLOWERS are flattened and oval; borne in dense, leafless spikes that do not spread away from the stem (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are oval and untoothed, usually with a single tubercle. LEAVES are narrow, up to 25cm long and have wavy edges. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • Japanese Crab Malus floribunda (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
A compact, densely crowned small tree on a thick bole with dark brown, fissured bark. The twigs are slightly pendulous and reddish when young, remaining densely hairy. The alternate leaves are up to 8cm long, oval with a pointed tip and a toothed margin. The underside is downy when the leaves first open, but becomes smooth later. Reproductive parts The fragrant flowers appear soon after the leaves and are usually so dense that they hide the leaves. At first the buds are a rich pink, then they become paler as they open and the blossom gradually fades to white. The fruits are rounded and up to 2.5cm across, but sometimes smaller. They ripen to a bright yellow, and are often present in the same abundance as the flowers. Habitat and distribution Probably a hybrid between two Japanese garden species, as this tree has not been found growing in the wild. Frequently planted in gardens and parks all over Europe for its attractive blossom and convenient small size.
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  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
    131743.jpg
  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • Service-tree Sorbus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles Rowan but note subtle differences in bark, buds and fruit. BARK Rich brown bark, fissured, ridged and often peels in vertical shreds. BRANCHES Upright to spreading. Buds are smooth, rounded and green, unlike the purple, pointed buds of the Rowan. LEAVES Alternate and pinnate, composed of up to 8 pairs of oblong, toothed leaflets about 5cm long, and softly hairy on underside. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in May in rounded, branched clusters; each flower is about 1.5cm across and composed of 5 creamy-white petals. Small pear- or sometimes apple-shaped fruits are up to 2cm long and green or brown like a russet apple. They have a very sharp taste when ripe, but after a frost they become more palatable. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widespread in southern Europe and a rare British native; also planted occasionally.
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  • Apricot Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m <br />
Small, rounded deciduous tree. BARK Greyish-brown with fine fissures. BRANCHES Twisted and dense with smooth reddish twigs. LEAVES Heart-shaped, reddish when first open, later becoming green above and yellowish beneath, on a red petiole with 2 glands near leaf base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White or pale-pink short-stalked flowers, solitary paired, open before leaves. Fruit, to 8cm long, is rounded, the downy red-tinged skin surrounding a rather acid-tasting juicy flesh that becomes sweet only when fully ripe. Stone is flattened, elliptical and smooth, with 3 raised lines along one edge. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of central and E Asia, grown for its edible fruits; requires shelter in our region.
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  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
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  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
    135127.jpg
  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
    135129.jpg
  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
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  • Service-tree Sorbus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles Rowan but note subtle differences in bark, buds and fruit. BARK Rich brown bark, fissured, ridged and often peels in vertical shreds. BRANCHES Upright to spreading. Buds are smooth, rounded and green, unlike the purple, pointed buds of the Rowan. LEAVES Alternate and pinnate, composed of up to 8 pairs of oblong, toothed leaflets about 5cm long, and softly hairy on underside. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in May in rounded, branched clusters; each flower is about 1.5cm across and composed of 5 creamy-white petals. Small pear- or sometimes apple-shaped fruits are up to 2cm long and green or brown like a russet apple. They have a very sharp taste when ripe, but after a frost they become more palatable. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widespread in southern Europe and a rare British native; also planted occasionally.
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  • Dwarf Cherry (Sour Cherry) Prunus cerasus (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. A small deciduous tree with a very short, branching bole and a rounded shrubby outline, often surrounded by suckers. BARK Reddish-brown and twigs are smooth. LEAVES To 8cm long, oval to elliptic and sharply pointed at tip, with a tapering base and toothed margin; on 1–3cm-long petioles. Young leaves are slightly downy below, and upper surface is always smooth and shiny. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Long-stalked white flowers usually open just before leaves in April–May, and grow in clusters of 2–6. Fruits, to 1.8cm long are rounded with a slightly depressed apex, usually bright red or blackish-red. Flesh is soft and tastes acidic, and stone is rounded and smooth. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but widely cultivated for its fruit, which is used mainly in preserves when it loses much of its acidity.
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  • Service-tree Sorbus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles Rowan but note subtle differences in bark, buds and fruit. BARK Rich brown bark, fissured, ridged and often peels in vertical shreds. BRANCHES Upright to spreading. Buds are smooth, rounded and green, unlike the purple, pointed buds of the Rowan. LEAVES Alternate and pinnate, composed of up to 8 pairs of oblong, toothed leaflets about 5cm long, and softly hairy on underside. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in May in rounded, branched clusters; each flower is about 1.5cm across and composed of 5 creamy-white petals. Small pear- or sometimes apple-shaped fruits are up to 2cm long and green or brown like a russet apple. They have a very sharp taste when ripe, but after a frost they become more palatable. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widespread in southern Europe and a rare British native; also planted occasionally.
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  • Cornelian-cherry Cornus mas (Cornaceae) HEIGHT to 8m <br />
Small, spreading deciduous tree with an untidy crown. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Mostly level, ending in numerous greenish-yellow, slightly downy twigs. LEAVES Opposite, short-stalked, ovate and pointed, to 10cm long and 4cm wide with rounded bases; dull green above and slightly downy with entire margins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers in small stalked heads, about 2cm across, consist of up to 25 small yellow flowers, each about 4mm across. Flowers open early in year, well before leaves. Fruit is a short-stalked, pendulous, bright-red, fleshy berry, to 2cm long, with pitted apex and acid taste. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of scrub and open woodlands in central and SE Europe, grown here for its winter flowers and edible fruits. Naturalised occasionally.
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  • Service-tree Sorbus domestica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles Rowan but note subtle differences in bark, buds and fruit. BARK Rich brown bark, fissured, ridged and often peels in vertical shreds. BRANCHES Upright to spreading. Buds are smooth, rounded and green, unlike the purple, pointed buds of the Rowan. LEAVES Alternate and pinnate, composed of up to 8 pairs of oblong, toothed leaflets about 5cm long, and softly hairy on underside. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in May in rounded, branched clusters; each flower is about 1.5cm across and composed of 5 creamy-white petals. Small pear- or sometimes apple-shaped fruits are up to 2cm long and green or brown like a russet apple. They have a very sharp taste when ripe, but after a frost they become more palatable. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Widespread in southern Europe and a rare British native; also planted occasionally.
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  • Apricot Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m <br />
Small, rounded deciduous tree. BARK Greyish-brown with fine fissures. BRANCHES Twisted and dense with smooth reddish twigs. LEAVES Heart-shaped, reddish when first open, later becoming green above and yellowish beneath, on a red petiole with 2 glands near leaf base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White or pale-pink short-stalked flowers, solitary paired, open before leaves. Fruit, to 8cm long, is rounded, the downy red-tinged skin surrounding a rather acid-tasting juicy flesh that becomes sweet only when fully ripe. Stone is flattened, elliptical and smooth, with 3 raised lines along one edge. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of central and E Asia, grown for its edible fruits; requires shelter in our region.
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  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
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  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
    133873.jpg
  • Quince Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 7.5m <br />
Small, irregularly spreading, deciduous tree with a flattened crown. BARK Greyish brown. BRANCHES Dense. The shoots are noticeably woolly at first, but lose this as they become older. LEAVES Up to 10cm long with entire margins; the upper surface is green and mostly smooth, and the lower surface is greyer and markedly downy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Attractive pink-tinged white flowers, which are at their best in April–May, are up to 5cm in diameter and bowl-shaped, containing yellowish anthers and stigmas. Fruit is up to 3.5cm long, resembling a small pear, greenish at first and becoming golden-yellow when mature with a pleasing fragrance. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, but long cultivated elsewhere, including in our region, for its fruits.
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  • Apricot Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m <br />
Small, rounded deciduous tree. BARK Greyish-brown with fine fissures. BRANCHES Twisted and dense with smooth reddish twigs. LEAVES Heart-shaped, reddish when first open, later becoming green above and yellowish beneath, on a red petiole with 2 glands near leaf base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White or pale-pink short-stalked flowers, solitary paired, open before leaves. Fruit, to 8cm long, is rounded, the downy red-tinged skin surrounding a rather acid-tasting juicy flesh that becomes sweet only when fully ripe. Stone is flattened, elliptical and smooth, with 3 raised lines along one edge. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of central and E Asia, grown for its edible fruits; requires shelter in our region.
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  • Cliff Whitebeam Sorbus rupicola (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 6m<br />
A small tree, and often little more than a shrub (lumped within S. aria agg. by some authors). LEAVES Narrowly obovate with shallow, sharply-toothed lobes conspicuous only on distal third of leaf; teeth curve on the outer edge and are all directed towards the apex. Leaves are densely woolly underneath and there are 7-9 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits ripen bright red, to 15mm long with many lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Scattered across north and west Britain, found mainly on limestone.
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  • Sorbus anglica (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 3m. Small shrub. LEAVES Ovate to obovate, lobed and toothed towards distal half; shiny above, whitish and downy below, 8-10 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits crimson, to 12mm long, with small lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Restricted to hillsides in Wales, SW England and Ireland, mostly limestone.
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  • Wild Pear Pyrus pyraster Rosaceae Height to 15m <br />
Deciduous spreading shrub or small tree. Bark Grey-brown, breaking into square plates. Branches Spreading and spiny; twigs smooth and greyish brown. Leaves To 7cm long, elliptical with toothed margin. Reproductive parts Flowers white, 5-petalled, long-stalked; produced in quantity. Fruits rounded, hard, to 3.5cm across, yellowish brown. Status Local native.
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  • Bastard Service Sorbus x thuringiaca (Rosaceae) (Height to 16m) a naturally occurring hybrid between Common Whitebeam and Rowan. Leaves have 2-3 pairs of free lobes and fruits are brown.
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  • Swedish Whitebeam Sorbus intermedia (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 15m. Medium-sized tree. LEAVES To 12cm long, oval and deeply lobed. Glossy green above, yellowish and downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits oval, to 1.5cm long, scarlet with many lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Scandinavia; tolerates air pollution so popular here.
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  • Common Whitebeam Sorbus aria Rosaceae Height to 25m <br />
Deciduous tree or spreading shrub. Bark Smooth and grey. Branches Spreading; twigs brown above, green below. Buds ovoid, green, tipped with hairs. Leaves Oval, to 12cm long, toothed, very hairy below. Reproductive parts Flowers white, clustered. Fruits ovoid, to 1.5cm long, red. Status Native in S mainly on chalky soils; also widely planted in towns.
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  • Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis Rosaceae Height to 25m<br />
Spreading deciduous tree. Bark Fissured into squarish plates. Branches Straight; twigs shiny, buds green and rounded. Leaves To 10cm long, 3–5 pairs of pointed lobes; toothed margin. Reproductive parts Flowers white, to 1.5cm across, clustered. Fruits rounded, to 1.8cm across, rounded, brown. Status Scarce native of heavy soils; ancient woodland indicator.
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  • London Plane Platanus x hispanica Platanaceae Height to 44m. Deciduous tree with tall trunk and spreading crown. Bark Grey-brown, flaking in patches. Branches Tangled and twisted. Leaves To 24cm long, 5-lobed, palmate. Reproductive parts Flowers rounded, in clusters. Greenish, spherical fruits have spiky hairs. Status Widely planted hybrid in towns and cities.
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  • GREEN FIELD-SPEEDWELL Veronica agrestis. Prostrate. Similar to both Common and Field-speedwells, but separable with care. Favours bare and disturbed ground, often on acid soils. Flowers 3-5mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and extremely pale with a white lower lip (Jan-Dec). Fruits with rounded lobes. Leaves fresh green, oval, toothed and in pairs. Status widespread but rather scarce and declining.
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  • GREAT LETTUCE Lactuca virosa (Asteraceae) Height to 2m<br />
Similar to Prickly Lettuce but taller; note differences in leaves. Stems often tinged purple and exude a milky sap when broken. FLOWERS are borne in heads, 9-11mm across, with yellow florets; carried in open, branched inflorescences (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are maroon with unbanched pappus hairs. LEAVES are dark green and spreading with rounded, clasping bases; lower leaves may have broad lobes. STATUS-Common only in S.
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  • CURLED DOCK Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Upright perennial of rough meadows and disturbed soils. FLOWERS are flattened and oval; borne in dense, leafless spikes that do not spread away from the stem (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are oval and untoothed, usually with a single tubercle. LEAVES are narrow, up to 25cm long and have wavy edges. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • BULBOUS BUTTERCUP Ranunculus bulbosus (Ranunculaceae) Height to 40cm. Hairy perennial of dry grassland, including chalk downs. Note the swollen stem base. FLOWERS are 20-30mm across with 5 bright yellow petals and reflexed sepals; borne on furrowed stalks (Mar-Jul). FRUITS are smooth. LEAVES are divided into 3 lobes, each of which is stalked. STATUS-Widespread and often abundant.
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  • Spindle - Euonymus europaeus Celastraceae. Height to 6m <br />
Twiggy deciduous tree. Bark Smooth,grey, fissured and pink-tinged with age. Branches Numerous; young green twigs are angular. Leaves Ovate, to 10cm long, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers yellowish, 4-petalled, in clusters. Fruits are pink capsules, 1.5cm across with 4 chambers. Status Local native of hedgerows and copses, especially on lime-rich soils.
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  • Spindle - Euonymus europaeus Celastraceae. Height to 6m <br />
Twiggy deciduous tree. Bark Smooth,grey, fissured and pink-tinged with age. Branches Numerous; young green twigs are angular. Leaves Ovate, to 10cm long, toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers yellowish, 4-petalled, in clusters. Fruits are pink capsules, 1.5cm across with 4 chambers. Status Local native of hedgerows and copses, especially on lime-rich soils.
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  • Hupeh Rowan Sorbus hupehensis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 18m <br />
Domed tree. Sometimes called Hubei Rowan S. glabrescens.<br />
LEAVES Pinnate with 11-17 pairs of leaflets. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits pink-tinged white. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, popular here in gardens.
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  • Hupeh Rowan Sorbus hupehensis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 18m <br />
Domed tree. Sometimes called Hubei Rowan S. glabrescens.<br />
LEAVES Pinnate with 11-17 pairs of leaflets. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits pink-tinged white. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Natie of China, popular here in gardens.
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  • Exmoor Service Sorbus subcuneata (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m. Modest tree (lumped within Sorbus latifolia agg. by some authors). LEAVES Ovate to elliptical with shallow-toothed lobes extending less than ¼ to midrib; 8-9 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits are brownish, to 12mm long, with numerous lenticels. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Scarce and local, confined to Sessile Oak Quercus petraea woodland on Old Red Sandstone, mainly in the valley of the East Lyn, around Watersmeet in N Devon.
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  • Sorbus leyana (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 10m (often much shorter). Small tree or smaller shrub. LEAVES Oval, with deep lobes, cut to around half way to midrib, on proximal half; tip is rounded and there are 9-10 pairs of veins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits scarlet, to 1cm across. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Rare, on limestone crags in Breconshire.
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  • Domed tree. Sometimes called Hubei Rowan S. glabrescens.<br />
LEAVES Pinnate with 11-17 pairs of leaflets. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits pink-tinged white. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, popular here in gardens.
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  • Domed tree. Sometimes called Hubei Rowan S. glabrescens.<br />
LEAVES Pinnate with 11-17 pairs of leaflets. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits pink-tinged white. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, popular here in gardens.
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  • Wild Crab Malus sylvestris Rosaceae Height to 10m <br />
Slender deciduous tree. Bark Deep brown, cracking into oblong plates. Branches Often spiny; even shoots can be thorny. Leaves To 11cm long, oval and toothed. Reproductive parts Flowers 5-petalled, to 4cm across, white, sometimes pink-tinged. Fruits to 4cm across, rounded, yellowish-green, hard and sour. Status Locally common native of hedges and woods.
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  • SPINDLE Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) Height to 6m<br />
Deciduous shrub or small tree. Found in scrub and hedgerows, mostly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 7-9mm across and greenish; borne in leaf axils (May-Jun). FRUITS are pinkish and 4-lobed. LEAVES are narrow-oval and pointed, with toothed margins; green in summer but turning reddish in autumn. STATUS-Locally common in England only.
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  • SWEET-BRIAR Rosa rubiginosa (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Compact shrub with upright stems that bear short, curved thorns, bristles and glands. Found in hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 2-3cm across and pink; in clusters of up to 3 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are ovoid, red hips with persisting sepals. LEAVES have 5-7 oval, toothed and sweet-smelling leaflets. STATUS-Locally common in S.
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  • PRICKLY LETTUCE Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) Height to 1.75m. Upright and stiff biennial, the upper part of which is branched. Broken stems exude a milky sap. Grows on disturbed and waste ground, verges and railways. FLOWERS are borne in heads, 11-13mm across, with yellow florets; carried in open, branched inflorescences (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are brown with unbranched pappus hairs. LEAVES are grey-green and held stiffly erect with pointed clasping bases; margins and lower midrib have weak spine; lower leaves may have narrow lobes. STATUS-Common only in S.
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  • STONE BRAMBLE Rubus saxatilis (Rosaceae) Height to 40cm<br />
Creeping perennial with slender stems that either bear weak prickles, or none at all. Favours rocky ground. FLOWERS are 5-10mm across with 5 narrow, white petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are shiny and red with 2-6 segments. LEAVES are trifoliate with toothed leaflets that are downy below. STATUS-Locally common, but mainly in W and N.
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  • GREY FIELD-SPEEDWELL Veronica polita (Scrophulariaceae) Prostrate. Straggling, hairy and branched perennial. Similar to Common Field-speedwell; note differences in flower and leaf colour. Grows in cultivated ground, often on chalky soil. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and entirely blue; solitary and borne on stalks arising from leaf axils (Mar-Nov). FRUITS are flattened and broad capsules with rounded lobes. LEAVES are grey-green, oval, deeply toothed and paired. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common throughout the region, least so in the N.
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  • COMMON FIELD-SPEEDWELL Veronica persica (Scrophulariaceae) Prostrate. Straggling, hairy and branched annual with reddish stems. Grows on bare soil, cultivated arable fields and disturbed ground. FLOWERS are 6-8mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and mainly pale blue, but with white on the lower lip; solitary and borne on rather long, slender stalks that arise from the leaf axils (Jan-Dec). FRUITS are broad, flattened capsules, with keeled lobes. LEAVES are pale green, oval, toothed and borne in pairs. STATUS-Probably not native but now widespread and common.
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  • WATER FIGWORT Scrophularia auriculata (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 70cm. Upright, hairless perennial with stems that are square with prominent wings. Grows in damp ground, in woodlands and beside fresh water. FLOWERS are 1cm long and greenish with a maroon upper lip, and broad white borders to the sepal lobes; borne in open spikes (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are greenish capsules, like miniature figs. LEAVES are oval but blunt tipped, with rounded teeth; on winged stalks. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • FIDDLE DOCK Rumex pulcher (Polygonaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright to spreading perennial with branches spreading at right angles. Favours well-drained soil, often near the coast. FLOWERS are borne on spikes in widely separated whorls (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are toothed and have 3 tubercles. LEAVES are up to 10cm, and waisted and violin-shaped. STATUS-Local, and restricted to S England and S Wales.
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  • Strawberry Tree Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae) Height to 9m <br />
Small, spreading evergreen tree with a short bole and a dense, domed crown. BARK Reddish, peeling away in shreds that turn brown. BRANCHES Often ascending and twisted; twigs slightly hairy and reddish. LEAVES To 11cm long, with either sharply toothed or entire margins, and a prominent midrib. Dark glossy-green above, paler below; 1cm-long petiole is usually red and hairy. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers borne in pendulous clusters late in year at same time as fruits from previous year; flowers white, to 9mm long, and sometimes tinged pink or green. Fruit is a round berry, to 2cm across; warty skin ripens from yellow through orange to deep red; flesh is acidic. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Main native range is SW Europe and Mediterranean; also occurs naturally in SW Ireland in open woods and thickets. Planted widely elsewhere.
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  • SPINDLE Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) Height to 6m<br />
Deciduous shrub or small tree. Found in scrub and hedgerows, mostly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 7-9mm across and greenish; borne in leaf axils (May-Jun). FRUITS are pinkish and 4-lobed. LEAVES are narrow-oval and pointed, with toothed margins; green in summer but turning reddish in autumn. STATUS-Locally common in England only.
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  • YELLOW HORNED-POPPY Glaucium flavum (Papaveraceae) Height to 50cm. Blue-grey, clump-forming perennial of shingle beaches. FLOWERS are 6-9cm across with overlapping yellow petals (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are elongated, curved capsules up to 30cm long. LEAVES are pinnately divided, the clasping upper ones having shallow, toothed lobes. STATUS-Locally common on most suitable coasts although absent from far N.
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  • MEADOW BUTTERCUP Ranunculus acris (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Downy perennial of damp grassland habitats. FLOWERS are 18-25mm across and comprise 5 shiny, yellow petals with upright sepals; borne on long, unfurrowed stalks (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are hook-tipped and borne in a rounded head. LEAVES are rounded and divided into 3-7 lobes; upper ones are unstalked. STATUS-Widespread and abundant throughout.
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