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  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    145033.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    145030.jpg
  • Swallowtail - Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus - larva. Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    157504.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    145028.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    144759.jpg
  • Swallowtail - Papilio machaon britannicus - female. Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    156733.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    145031.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    145029.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    145026.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    136580.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    101708.jpg
  • Swallowtail - Papilio machaon britannicus - female. Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    155547.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    109221.jpg
  • Swallowtail Papilio machaon ssp. britannicus Wingspan 70mm. Iconic and unmistakable butterfly with mainly yellow and black wings; hind wings have blue and red spots, and tail streamers. Double-brooded: adults are on the wing May–June, and again in August. Larva is yellow-green with black and red markings; feeds on Milk-parsley. Restricted to a few fens and marshes in East Anglia, mainly in the Norfolk Broads; easiest to see at Strumpshaw Fen and Hickling Broad.
    145027.jpg
  • FEN VIOLET Viola persicifolia. Height to 20cm. Charming, scarce perennial, similar to Marsh Violet but the rounded petals are bluish-white (not lilac) and the spur is short and greenish (not lilac) (May-June). It grows in a few East Anglian fens and, locally, in W Ireland too.
    113546.jpg
  • Saw/Great Fen Sedge (Cladium mariscus) HEIGHT to 2.5m. Imposing plant of fens and lake margins. Sometimes forms dense stands, and still cut commercially in E Anglia. FLOWERS Glossy reddish-brown spikelets, in branched clusters (July- Aug). FRUITS shiny, dark brown. LEAVES Long, saw-edged, often bent at an angle.
    106536.jpg
  • DEWBERRY Rubus caesius (Rosaceae) Height to 10cm<br />
Creeping perennial whose biennial stems bear weak prickles. Found in dry, grassy places but also in fens and dune slacks. FLOWERS are 2-2.5cm across with 5 white petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are bluish black, the large segments covered in a plum-like bloom. LEAVES are trifoliate and toothed. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    130960.jpg
  • GREAT WILLOWHERB Epilobium hirsutum (Onograceae) Height to 2m. Downy perennial with a round stem. Favours damp habitats such as fens and riverbanks. FLOWERS are 25mm across and pinkish purple with pale centres, and a 4-lobed stigma; in terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are broadly oval, hairy and clasping. STATUS-Widespread and common, except in the N.
    131780.jpg
  • RAGGED-ROBIN Lychnis flos-cuculi (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 65cm. Delicate-looking perennial of damp meadows, fens and marshes. FLOWERS comprise 5 pink petals; each is divided into 4 ‘ragged’ lobes (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, grass-like and rough, the upper ones in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and common, but decreasing due to agricultural changes (eg land drainage).
    127998.jpg
  • GREATER BIRD’S-FOOT-TREFOIL Lotus pedunculatus (Fabaceae) Height to 50cm. Hairy, hollow-stemmed perennial found in damp grassy places and fens. FLOWERS are 15mm long and yellow; in heads on stalks up to 15cm long (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are slender pods; splayed like a bird’s foot when ripe. LEAVES have 5 dark green leaflets but appear trifoliate (lower pair sited at stalk base). STATUS-Locally common.
    141420.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    138041.jpg
  • GREATER BIRD’S-FOOT-TREFOIL Lotus pedunculatus (Fabaceae) Height to 50cm. Hairy, hollow-stemmed perennial found in damp grassy places and fens. FLOWERS are 15mm long and yellow; in heads on stalks up to 15cm long (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are slender pods; splayed like a bird’s foot when ripe. LEAVES have 5 dark green leaflets but appear trifoliate (lower pair sited at stalk base). STATUS-Locally common.
    131989.jpg
  • MARSH PEA Lathyrus palustris (Fabaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Slender, climbing perennial with winged stems. Found in fens and damp, grassy places on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 2cm long and pinkish purple; in long-stalked groups of 2-8 flowers (May-Jul). FRUITS are flat pods, 5cm long. LEAVES have 2-5 pairs of narrow leaflets and branched tendrils. STATUS-Extremely local; absent from Scotland.
    131988.jpg
  • YELLOW LOOSESTRIFE Lysimachia vulgaris (Primulaceae) Height to 1m. Softly hairy perennial of damp grassland, and often found beside rivers and in fens. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across and yellow, with 5 pointed lobes; borne in terminal heads (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, ovate and borne in whorls of 3 or 4; often adorned with black dots. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    131897.jpg
  • GREAT WILLOWHERB Epilobium hirsutum (Onograceae) Height to 2m. Downy perennial with a round stem. Favours damp habitats such as fens and riverbanks. FLOWERS are 25mm across and pinkish purple with pale centres, and a 4-lobed stigma; in terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are broadly oval, hairy and clasping. STATUS-Widespread and common, except in the N.
    131779.jpg
  • GREATER SPEARWORT Ranunculus lingua (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Robust and upright perennial of fens and the shallow margins of ponds and lakes. Plant has long runners. FLOWERS are 20-40mm across with 5 yellow petals; borne on furrowed stalks (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are rough and winged, with a curved beak. LEAVES are narrow, 25cm long and sometimes toothed. STATUS-Widespread but local.
    131558.jpg
  • MARSH STITCHWORT Stellaria palustris (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 60cm. Rather straggly perennial of fens and marshes. Similar to Greater Stitchwort but with smooth stems and smooth-edged leaves. FLOWERS are white with 5 deeply notched petals and 12-20mm across (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green and narrow. STATUS-Extremely local.
    131246.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    130522.jpg
  • GREAT WILLOWHERB Epilobium hirsutum (Onograceae) Height to 2m. Downy perennial with a round stem. Favours damp habitats such as fens and riverbanks. FLOWERS are 25mm across and pinkish purple with pale centres, and a 4-lobed stigma; in terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are broadly oval, hairy and clasping. STATUS-Widespread and common, except in the N.
    143652.jpg
  • GREAT WILLOWHERB Epilobium hirsutum (Onograceae) Height to 2m. Downy perennial with a round stem. Favours damp habitats such as fens and riverbanks. FLOWERS are 25mm across and pinkish purple with pale centres, and a 4-lobed stigma; in terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are broadly oval, hairy and clasping. STATUS-Widespread and common, except in the N.
    143656.jpg
  • GREAT WILLOWHERB Epilobium hirsutum (Onograceae) Height to 2m. Downy perennial with a round stem. Favours damp habitats such as fens and riverbanks. FLOWERS are 25mm across and pinkish purple with pale centres, and a 4-lobed stigma; in terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are broadly oval, hairy and clasping. STATUS-Widespread and common, except in the N.
    143657.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    144455.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    156663.jpg
  • YELLOW LOOSESTRIFE Lysimachia vulgaris (Primulaceae) Height to 1m. Softly hairy perennial of damp grassland, and often found beside rivers and in fens. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across and yellow, with 5 pointed lobes; borne in terminal heads (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, ovate and borne in whorls of 3 or 4; often adorned with black dots. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    131896.jpg
  • GREATER SPEARWORT Ranunculus lingua (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Robust and upright perennial of fens and the shallow margins of ponds and lakes. Plant has long runners. FLOWERS are 20-40mm across with 5 yellow petals; borne on furrowed stalks (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are rough and winged, with a curved beak. LEAVES are narrow, 25cm long and sometimes toothed. STATUS-Widespread but local.
    131586.jpg
  • SOUTHERN MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Orchidaceae) Height to 70cm. Robust orchid of water meadows, fens and wet dune-slacks, mostly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are pinkish purple with a broad 3-lobed lip, 11-14mm long, the lobes shallow and blunt; borne in tall, dense spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are glossy dark green, unmarked (rarely ring-spotted) and broadly lanceolate, largest at the base and becoming narrower and sheathing up the stem. STATUS-Common only in S.
    131146.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    144452.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    144454.jpg
  • COMMON MEADOW-RUE Thalictrum flavum (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Upright perennial of damp meadows, ditches and fens; favours basic soils. FLOWERS have small petals that drop, but showy, yellow anthers; borne in dense clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are fern-like and pinnately divided 2 or 3 times into toothed lobes. STATUS-Widespread but local, common only in S and E.
    131457.jpg
  • ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN Pyrola rotundifolia (Pyrolaceae) Height to 15cm. Low-growing perennial of damp, calcareous ground including fens and coastal dune slacks. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, white and bell-shaped; style is S-shaped and protrudes beyond petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, long-stalked and form a basal rosette. STATUS-Local and declining across its range.
    131183.jpg
  • NARROW-LEAVED MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Delicate orchid of fens and marshes. FLOWERS are pinkish purple, the well-marked lip 3-lobed with the central lobe longer than side ones; borne in short, open and few-flowered spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are narrow, lanceolate, keeled and usually unspotted. STATUS-Very local in England, Wales and Ireland.
    127853.jpg
  • MARSH VALERIAN Valeriana dioica (Valerianaceae)  Height to 30cm. Slender perennial with creeping runners and upright flowering stems. Grows in damp grassland and fens. FLOWERS are pale pink and produced on separate-sex plants: males are 5mm across and borne in terminal heads 4cm across; females are 2mm across and borne in heads 1-2cm across (May-Jun). FRUITS are oblong with a feathery pappus. LEAVES are ovate and opposite; basal ones long-stalked. STATUS-Locally common.
    127852.jpg
  • GREAT WILLOWHERB Epilobium hirsutum (Onograceae) Height to 2m. Downy perennial with a round stem. Favours damp habitats such as fens and riverbanks. FLOWERS are 25mm across and pinkish purple with pale centres, and a 4-lobed stigma; in terminal clusters (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pods that contain cottony seeds. LEAVES are broadly oval, hairy and clasping. STATUS-Widespread and common, except in the N.
    131793.jpg
  • GREATER WATER-PARSNIP Sium latifolium (Apiaceae) Height to 2m. Hairless perennial with hollow, ridged stems. Found in fens on riverbanks. FLOWERS are white and borne in terminal, long-stalked umbels, 6-10cm across (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are egg-shaped and ridged. LEAVES are pinnate with 4-8 pairs of narrow, toothed leaflets plus a terminal one. STATUS-Local, mainly SE England; commonest in E Anglia.
    131545.jpg
  • SOUTHERN MARSH-ORCHID Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Orchidaceae) Height to 70cm. Robust orchid of water meadows, fens and wet dune-slacks, mostly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are pinkish purple with a broad 3-lobed lip, 11-14mm long, the lobes shallow and blunt; borne in tall, dense spikes (May-Jun). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are glossy dark green, unmarked (rarely ring-spotted) and broadly lanceolate, largest at the base and becoming narrower and sheathing up the stem. STATUS-Common only in S.
    131147.jpg
  • PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae) Height to 1.5m. Upright, downy perennial of damp habitats such as riverbanks and fens. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across, reddish purple and 6-petalled; borne in tall spikes (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are 4-7cm long, narrow, unstalked and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread and locally common, except in the N.
    118141.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    113744.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    144453.jpg
  • MARSH HELLEBORINE Epipactis palustris (Orchidaceae) Height to 50cm. Upright and elegant perennial. Grows in marshes, fens and wet dune-slacks. FLOWERS comprise reddish- or brownish-green sepals, narrow, whitish upper petals that are marked with red, and a frilly, whitish lip marked with red streaks towards the base; borne in open spikes of up to 14 flowers (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are pear-shaped. LEAVES are broad and oval towards the base of the plant but narrower up the stem. STATUS-Very locally common in S England, S Wales and S Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    144555.jpg
  • DEWBERRY Rubus caesius (Rosaceae) Height to 10cm<br />
Creeping perennial whose biennial stems bear weak prickles. Found in dry, grassy places but also in fens and dune slacks. FLOWERS are 2-2.5cm across with 5 white petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are bluish black, the large segments covered in a plum-like bloom. LEAVES are trifoliate and toothed. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    131993.jpg
  • GREATER WATER-PARSNIP Sium latifolium (Apiaceae) Height to 2m. Hairless perennial with hollow, ridged stems. Found in fens on riverbanks. FLOWERS are white and borne in terminal, long-stalked umbels, 6-10cm across (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are egg-shaped and ridged. LEAVES are pinnate with 4-8 pairs of narrow, toothed leaflets plus a terminal one. STATUS-Local, mainly SE England; commonest in E Anglia.
    131516.jpg
  • ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN Pyrola rotundifolia (Pyrolaceae) Height to 15cm. Low-growing perennial of damp, calcareous ground including fens and coastal dune slacks. FLOWERS are 8-12mm across, white and bell-shaped; style is S-shaped and protrudes beyond petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, long-stalked and form a basal rosette. STATUS-Local and declining across its range.
    131181.jpg
  • GREATER TUSSOCK-SEDGE Carex paniculata (Cyperaceae) Height to 1m. Distinctive, coarsely hairy perennial of marshes and fens, recognised throughout the year by the large tussocks that it forms. FLOWERS are brown and borne in a dense, terminal spikes 5-15cm long (May-Jun). FRUITS are ribbed with a winged beak. LEAVES are narrow and up to 1.2m long. STATUS-Widespread and locally common, mainly in S.
    127857.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    127854.jpg
  • Milk-parsley (Peucedanum palustre) HEIGHT to 1.5m. Hairless biennial with ridged stems that are often blotched purple. The unbels of white flowers, 3-8cm across, have long, sometimes forked, bracts below (July-Sept) and the leaves are deeply pinnately divided. It grows in East Anglian fens.
    112220.jpg
  • COWBANE Cicuta virosa (Apiaceae)  Height to 1m<br />
Robust, upright and hairless perennial with hollow, ridged stems. Found in damp habitats, including fens and marshes, and sometimes partly aquatic. Extremely poisonous. FLOWERS are white and borne in domed umbels that are 11-13cm across; bracts re absent (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are globular and ridged, with prominent styles. LEAVES are dark green, 2- 3-pinnate and divided into narrow leaflets.
    106155.jpg
  • FEN ORCHID Liparis loeselii (Height to 20cm) has rather curious yellow flowers with narrow, spreading perianth segments; the flowers are borne in spikes (Jun-Jul) that arise from the cup-like arrangement comprising the basal pair of leaves. Fen Orchid grows in a few fen locations in Norfolk, with additional sites in S Wales and N Devon.
    142355.jpg
  • FEN ORCHID Liparis loeselii (Height to 20cm) has rather curious yellow flowers with narrow, spreading perianth segments; the flowers are borne in spikes (Jun-Jul) that arise from the cup-like arrangement comprising the basal pair of leaves. Fen Orchid grows in a few fen locations in Norfolk, with additional sites in S Wales and N Devon.
    142356.jpg
  • Trap camera pointing at Fen Orchids - Liparis loeselii ovata, Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk UK
    156784.jpg
  • FEN RAGWORT Senecio paludosus. Height to 2m. A tall, downy perennial of damp soils. Flowers are yellow and 3-4cm across (June-Aug), and the leaves are narrow, lanceolate toothed and 15-20cm long. Rare and restricted to a few fenland sites.
    131532.jpg
  • Fen Mason Wasp - Odynerus simillimus
    156774.jpg
  • Sedge cutting on Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk, UK
    156747.jpg
  • Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, UK
    128712.jpg
  • Fen Raft Spider - Dolomedes plantarius- spiderling nursery
    156760.jpg
  • Sedge cutting on Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk, UK
    156749.jpg
  • Fen Mason Wasp - Odynerus simillimus
    156775.jpg
  • Fen Mason Wasp - Odynerus simillimus
    156773.jpg
  • Fen Mason Wasp - Odynerus simillimus
    156772.jpg
  • Fen Raft Spider - Dolomedes plantarius- spiderling nursery
    156758.jpg
  • Fen Raft Spider - Dolomedes plantarius- spiderling nursery
    156757.jpg
  • Dyke showing water level, Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk UK
    156754.jpg
  • Fen Raft Spider - Dolomedes plantarius
    156755.jpg
  • Sedge cutting on Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk, UK
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  • Sedge cutting on Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk, UK
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  • Fen Mason Wasp - Odynerus simillimus
    156776.jpg
  • Fen Raft Spider - Dolomedes plantarius - unstriped adult female
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  • Fen Raft Spider - Dolomedes plantarius - female guarding nursery of spiderlings
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  • Fen Grassland
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  • Ragged Robin - Lychnis flos-cuculi
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  • Ragged Robin - Lychnis flos-cuculi
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  • Ragged Robin - Lychnis flos-cuculi
    162541.jpg
  • Purple Loosestrife - Lythrum salicaria
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  • Pyrola rotundifolia subsp norvegica - Varanger, Norway
    162789.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    161350.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    159416.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    161350.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    161319.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    161309.jpg
  • Common Meadow-rue - Thalictrum flavum
    159324.jpg
  • Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil - Lotus pedunculatus
    161365.jpg
  • Southern Marsh-orchid - Dactylorhiza praetermissa
    159824.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    159417.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    159415.jpg
  • Great Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
    161351.jpg
  • Marsh Helleborine - Epipactis palustris
    159881.jpg
  • Common Meadow-rue - Thalictrum flavum
    159281.jpg
  • Fen Wainscott - Arenostola phragmitidis
    156766.jpg
  • Dry River Glen, Lincolnshire, UK
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  • MARSH LOUSEWORT Pedicularis palustris (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 60cm. Upright, hairless perennial with a single branching stem. Semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grows on marshes and bogs, not exclusively favouring acid soils, hence its occurrence in some fens. FLOWERS are 20-25mm long, the corolla pinkish purple and 2-lipped, the upper lip with 4 teeth; borne in open, leafy spikes (May-Sep). FRUITS are inflated capsules. LEAVES are feathery and deeply divided into toothed lobes. STATUS-Widespread and locally common, least so in E England.
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  • Chinese Water Deer Hydropotes inermis Shoulder height 55-60cm Small, secretive deer. Adult is reddish buff in summer, greyish brown in winter. Black nose contrasts with otherwise white muzzle. Beady black eyes have white surround. Ears are large and antlers are absent in both sexes. With age, the upper canines develop into projecting tusks; longer in male than female. Fawn is reddish brown with white spots. Barks and screams in alarm. Males have a whistling call during rut. Escaped from Whipsnade Zoo early in 20th Century. Feral British populations now found from Buckinghamshire to East Anglia. Favours marsh habitats including fens and reedbeds.
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