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  • Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia Wingspan 60mm. An iconic woodland butterfly associated with sunny rides and clearing; adults are often seen feeding on flowers of Bramble and thistles. Adult has orange-brown upperwings with black markings; underside of hindwing has silvery sheen. Flies June–August. Larva feed on violets.  Status Locally common woodland species in S and SW England and Ireland.
    145252.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    145055.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    144882.jpg
  • Swift Apus apus L 16-17cm. Invariably seen in flight: has anchor-shaped outline and mainly dark plumage. Catches insects on the wing. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly blackish brown plumage with pale throat. Tail is forked but often held closed in active flight. Juvenile is overall darker but throat and forehead are paler. Voice Loud screaming calls uttered in flight. Status Locally common summer visitor. Nests in churches and loft spaces. Feeding birds gather where insects are numerous.
    157406.jpg
  • Fat Ball for feeding common garden birds
    130309.jpg
  • Little Stint Calidris minuta L 13-14cm. Tiny wader, like a miniature, short-billed Dunlin. Constant, frantic feeding activity helps with identification. Legs and bill are dark in all birds. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer has white underparts, reddish brown on back and variable suffusion of rufous on head and neck. Note yellow ‘V’ on mantle, and pale supercilium that forks above eye. In winter, has grey upperparts and white underparts, with white on face between bill and eye. Juvenile has white underparts. Reddish brown and black feathers on back and wings have pale fringes that align to form white ‘V’ markings. Note buffish flush on side of breast, pale supercilium that forks above eye, pale forecrown and dark centre to crown. Voice Utters a shrill stip call. Status Regular passage migrant, most numerous in autumn when juveniles predominate.
    141939.jpg
  • Great Egret - Ardea alba - adult feeding chicks
    160562.jpg
  • Great Egret - Ardea alba - adult feeding chicks
    160563.jpg
  • Painted Stork - Mycteria leucocephala - feeding with Eurasian Spoonbills - Platalea leucorodia
    157216.jpg
  • Emperor Dragonfly - Anax impertator - feeding on another of the same species.
    155930.jpg
  • Spanish Imperial Eagle, Aquila adalberti, born spring 2011 so 3rd calendar year, feeding on Montpellier Snake, Malponon monspessulanus, May, Castille and Leon, Spain
    155181.jpg
  • Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus - Winter. Feeding on Three-spined Stickleback. L 31-38cm. Buoyant little waterbird with beady red eye. Flattish crown and white-tipped, even-shaped bill (both mandibles are curved) allow separation from Black-necked. White patches on both leading and trailing edges of wings are seen in flight. Sexes are similar. Adult has reddish orange neck and flanks. Back is black and black head has golden-yellow plumes. In winter, has black upperparts and white underparts with clear demarcation between black cap and white cheeks. Juvenile is similar to winter adult. Voice Utters trills and squeals at nest. Status Scarce winter visitor to sheltered coastal waters. Rare breeding bird in Scotland, on shallow lochs with abundant sedges.
    154648.jpg
  • Gannets -  Morus bassanus feeding on the ocean, Isles of Scilly, UK. W 165-180cm. Our largest seabird. Has deep, powerful wingbeats and glides on stiffly held wings. Bill is large and dagger-like. Dives from a height to catch fish. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly white plumage with black wingtips; head has buffish wash. Juvenile has dark brown plumage speckled with white dots in first year; adult plumage acquired over next 4 years. Voice Silent at sea; nesting birds utter grating calls. Status Very locally common (3/4 of world population breeds here). Nests colonially but otherwise strictly marine.
    154404.jpg
  • Wooden Bird Table. A common design for feeding garden birds.
    130333.jpg
  • Seven-armed Starfish feeding - Lucida ciliaris
    141563.jpg
  • Wooden Bird Table. A common design for feeding garden birds.
    130332.jpg
  • Swift Apus apus L 16-17cm. Invariably seen in flight: has anchor-shaped outline and mainly dark plumage. Catches insects on the wing. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly blackish brown plumage with pale throat. Tail is forked but often held closed in active flight. Juvenile is overall darker but throat and forehead are paler. Voice Loud screaming calls uttered in flight. Status Locally common summer visitor. Nests in churches and loft spaces. Feeding birds gather where insects are numerous. Observation tips Easy to see in late spring in villages and towns. Most adults leave Britain in August.
    137562.jpg
  • Seven-armed Starfish feeding - Lucida ciliaris
    141562.jpg
  • King Penguin Feeding Chick - Apterodytes patagonica
    118560.jpg
  • Common Gull - Larus canus - feeding on emerging midges, Arctic Norway
    161180.jpg
  • Yellow-tail Moth - Euproctis similis - caterpillar feeding on Pyracantha or Firethorn
    160116.jpg
  • Black-browed Albatross - Thalassarche melanophris - adult feeding chick
    160481.jpg
  • Little Stint Calidris minuta L 13-14cm. Tiny wader, like a miniature, short-billed Dunlin. Constant, frantic feeding activity helps with identification. Legs and bill are dark in all birds. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer has white underparts, reddish brown on back and variable suffusion of rufous on head and neck. Note yellow ‘V’ on mantle, and pale supercilium that forks above eye. In winter, has grey upperparts and white underparts, with white on face between bill and eye. Juvenile has white underparts. Reddish brown and black feathers on back and wings have pale fringes that align to form white ‘V’ markings. Note buffish flush on side of breast, pale supercilium that forks above eye, pale forecrown and dark centre to crown. Voice Utters a shrill stip call. Status Regular passage migrant, most numerous in autumn when juveniles predominate.
    145663.jpg
  • Basking Shark Cetorhinus maximus Length to 12m<br />
Our largest fish, and the 2nd largest on the planet. It filter feeds surface plankton during summer months but little is know of its habits at other times. Adult has typical shark shape but disproportionately large mouth. Above water, nose, dorsal fin and top of tail fin are often visible. Most records come from SW England, N Irish Sea and NW Scotland, June-September. It is scarce in some years if plankton is poor.
    141704.jpg
  • A fish-like animal that is a primitive chordate (animals with backbones) and a member of the subphylum Cephalochordata. The body is elongate, laterally flattened and the animal lives in silty sand, filter-feeding by means of the hair-like cirri that surround the mouth.
    144645.jpg
  • A fish-like animal that is a primitive chordate (animals with backbones) and a member of the subphylum Cephalochordata. The body is elongate, laterally flattened and the animal lives in silty sand, filter-feeding by means of the hair-like cirri that surround the mouth.
    144647.jpg
  • White-letter Hairstreak - Strymondia w-album. Male (top) - female (bottom). Wingspan 35mm. Small, active butterfly that is hard to observe closely. Usually flies around treetops but also visits Bramble flowers to feed. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are brown with jagged orange band and white ‘w’ on hindwing. Flies July-Aug. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on elms. Widespread loss of larval foodplants from Dutch elm disease has caused decline. Today it is very local, in central and southern England and Wales.
    156713.jpg
  • White-letter Hairstreak Satyriuim w-album Wingspan 35mm. Small, active butterfly that is hard to observe closely. Usually flies around treetops but also visits Bramble flowers to feed. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are brown with jagged orange band and white ‘w’ on hindwing. Flies July-Aug. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on elms. Widespread loss of larval foodplants from Dutch elm disease has caused decline. Today it is very local, in central and southern England and Wales.
    145039.jpg
  • White-letter Hairstreak Satyriuim w-album Wingspan 35mm. Small, active butterfly that is hard to observe closely. Usually flies around treetops but also visits Bramble flowers to feed. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are brown with jagged orange band and white ‘w’ on hindwing. Flies July-Aug. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on elms. Widespread loss of larval foodplants from Dutch elm disease has caused decline. Today it is very local, in central and southern England and Wales.
    145038.jpg
  • Cory’s Shearwaters Calonectris diomedea visit to feed from the Mediterranean and Atlantic islands which is quite a journey.
    136694.jpg
  • Cory’s Shearwaters Calonectris diomedea visit to feed from the Mediterranean and Atlantic islands which is quite a journey.
    142626.jpg
  • Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris diomedea visit to feed from the Mediterranean and Atlantic islands which is quite a journey.
    154624.jpg
  • Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis L 12cm. Delightful, colourful bird. Yellow wingbars and white rump seen in flight is unique. Sexes are similar. Adult has striking black and white pattern on head, and red face. Back is buffish brown and underparts are mainly whitish, suffused pale buff on flanks and sides of breast. Wings are black with yellow wingbar and white tips to flight feathers; black tail feathers are white-tipped. Bill is narrow, conical and pale pinkish buff. Juvenile is mainly pale buffish white, streaked brown on flanks and back. Wings are black with a yellow wingbar. Voice Utters a tinkling, trisyllabic call. Song is twittering and rapid. Status Widespread. Common in breeding season in scrub, deciduous woodland and mature gardens. At other times, forms roving flocks that feed on thistle and teasel seeds; many birds migrate to mainland Europe in winter.
    137386.jpg
  • Cory’s Shearwaters Calonectris diomedea visit to feed from the Mediterranean and Atlantic islands which is quite a journey.
    143748.jpg
  • Cuckoo - Cuculus canorus - with Reed Warbler foster parent. L 33-35cm. Secretive summer visitor with intriguing lifestyle. Heard more than seen. Recalls a Sparrowhawk in flight. Feeds mainly on hairy caterpillars. Sexes sometimes separable. Adult male, and most females have blue-grey head, neck and upperparts; underparts are white and barred. Some adult females are brown and barred on head, neck and upperparts; underparts are white with dark bars. Juvenile is similar to brown adult female but with white nape. Voice Male utters distinctive cuck-oo song; female has bubbling call. Status Local summer visitor. Range dictated by occurrence of songbirds used for nest parasitism; host species include Meadow Pipit, Dunnock and Reed Warbler.
    157681.jpg
  • Small White Pieris rapae  Wingspan 45mm. Appreciably smaller than Large White. Adult upperwings are creamy-white with dark tip to forewing; female has two dark spots on forewing. Underwings are yellowish. Adult flies April–May and July–August. Larva is green, speckled with tiny pale dots; feeds on cultivated cabbage and related plants. Common and widespread, and often seen in the garden.
    156978.jpg
  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
    145250.jpg
  • Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos W 190-225cm. Majestic raptor. Distant flight view could be confused with soaring Buzzard but note proportionately longer wings (narrow appreciably towards base) and relatively long tail. Catches Mountain Hares and Red Grouse but also feeds on carrion in winter. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly dark brown plumage with paler margins to feathers on back and golden-brown feathers on head and neck. Tail is dark-tipped and barred but can look uniformly dark in flight silhouette. Juvenile is similar to adult but has white patches at base of outer flight feathers; tail is mainly white but with broad, dark tip. Subadult gradually loses white elements of juvenile plumage by successive moults over several years. Voice Mainly silent. Status Resident of remote, upland regions, mainly in Scotland. Favours open moorland and mountains.
    143638.jpg
  • Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos W 190-225cm. Majestic raptor. Distant flight view could be confused with soaring Buzzard but note proportionately longer wings (narrow appreciably towards base) and relatively long tail. Catches Mountain Hares and Red Grouse but also feeds on carrion in winter. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly dark brown plumage with paler margins to feathers on back and golden-brown feathers on head and neck. Tail is dark-tipped and barred but can look uniformly dark in flight silhouette. Juvenile is similar to adult but has white patches at base of outer flight feathers; tail is mainly white but with broad, dark tip. Subadult gradually loses white elements of juvenile plumage by successive moults over several years. Voice Mainly silent. Status Resident of remote, upland regions, mainly in Scotland. Favours open moorland and mountains.
    143931.jpg
  • Brimstone - Gonepteryx rhamni. Male (top) - female (bottom). Wingspan 60mm. A colourful butterfly and a harbinger of spring. Adult has distinctive wings: rounded overall with pointed tips; those on the forewings are hooked. Male is brimstone-yellow; female is much paler and could be mistaken for a Large White in flight. Single-brooded: adults hatch in August, then hibernate and emerge on sunny spring days. Larva is green with pale lateral line; feeds on Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn. Locally common in England and Wales.
    156705.jpg
  • Brimstone - Gonepteryx rhamni - female. Wingspan 60mm. A colourful butterfly and a harbinger of spring. Adult has distinctive wings: rounded overall with pointed tips; those on the forewings are hooked. Male is brimstone-yellow; female is much paler and could be mistaken for a Large White in flight. Single-brooded: adults hatch in August, then hibernate and emerge on sunny spring days. Larva is green with pale lateral line; feeds on Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn. Locally common in England and Wales.
    156603.jpg
  • Six-spot burnet Zygaena filipendulae Length 16-18mm. Well-marked and distinctive day-flying moth. Adult has dark forewings (with a greenish-blue iridescence at certain angles) and six red spots; hindwings are red with a dark border. Larva is yellow with black spots; feeds on Bird’s-foot Trefoil. Pupates in a yellow cocoon attached to plant stem. Widespread and locally common in grassland habitats.
    145861.jpg
  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
    145254.jpg
  • Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina Wingspan 50mm. Britain’s most familiar and widespread grassland butterfly. Adult has brown upperwings; male has a small orange patch on the forewing containing eyespot; orange patch is larger in female. Underside of hindwing is brown with a grey-brown band; forewing is orange and buff with an eyespot. Flies June-Aug. Larva feeds on grasses and is nocturnal. Generally common throughout the region but least so in northern Scotland and Ireland. Favours a wide range of grassland habitats.
    144967.jpg
  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
    144925.jpg
  • Grayling Hipparchia semele Wingspan 50mm. An active, sun-loving butterfly. Typically rests with its wings folded and angled to sun to cast the least shadow. Adult has well patterned underwings: hindwing is marbled grey and brown while forewing has an orange patch with two eyespots. Forewings are seldom revealed at rest, but are buffish brown with a yellowish submarginal band marked with eyespots. Flies June–August. Larva feeds on grasses. Widespread but only locally common, favouring warm, dry places including sea cliffs, heaths and dunes.
    144914.jpg
  • Elephant Hawk-moth Deilephila elpenor Wingspan 70mm. One of our most attractive moths. It is sometimes seen at dusk visiting flowers such as Honeysuckle. Adult has pink and olive-green wings and body. Flies May–June. Larva is brown or green; the head end fancifully resembles an elephant’s trunk and eyespots deter would-be predators; when alarmed the head is contracted, enlarging the eyespots. Larva feeds on willowherbs. Common in southern and central England and Wales, and more locally in lowland Scotland.
    144907.jpg
  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
    141726.jpg
  • Lobster Moth Stauropus fagi Length 32mm. An intriguing moth named after the bizarre appearance of its larva. Adult has reddish-grey wings, usually with an orange-pink flush; it is well camouflaged when resting on tree bark. Flies May–July. Larva looks and behaves like an ant when tiny; with maturity its long legs give it a crustacean-like appearance. Larva feeds on Beech, oaks and Hazel. Locally common only in the south.
    141381.jpg
  • Lobster Moth Stauropus fagi Length 32mm. An intriguing moth named after the bizarre appearance of its larva. Adult has reddish-grey wings, usually with an orange-pink flush; it is well camouflaged when resting on tree bark. Flies May–July. Larva looks and behaves like an ant when tiny; with maturity its long legs give it a crustacean-like appearance. Larva feeds on Beech, oaks and Hazel. Locally common only in the south.
    141378.jpg
  • Large White Pieris brassicae Wingspan 60mm. As its name suggests, this the largest British ‘white’ butterfly. Adult upperwings are creamy-white with black tip to forewing; female has additional two spots on forewing. Underwings are yellowish. Adult flies May–September. Larva is black and yellow and feeds on cabbages and related plants; usually found in groups. Common and widespread, and often seen in the garden.
    140509.jpg
  • Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Length 23-27cm Mainly nocturnal animal, protected by spines (modified hairs). Feeds mainly on invertebrates but will take food put out by people. Hibernates from Oct-Apr. Spines are erectile and an effective deterrent when animal rolls into a defensive ball. Head and underparts are covered in coarse hairs. Muzzle-shaped head ends in a sensitive nose. Utters a pig-like squeal in distress, and grunts when courting. Familiar garden resident.
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  • Otter Lutra lutra Length 95-135cm Sinuous swimmer with a bounding gait on land. Feeds mainly on fish. Adult has long, cylindrical body, with short legs and long, thickset tail. Blunt head has sensitive bristles and toes are webbed. Coat is mainly brown but chin, throat and belly are whitish. Fur has water-repellent properties: sleek in water but ‘spiky’ when dry. Mostly silent. Persecuted and poisoned (by agricultural pesticides) until mostly extinct in lowland Britain by 1960s. Now recovering and recolonising former haunts.
    145892.jpg
  • Otter Lutra lutra Length 95-135cm Sinuous swimmer with a bounding gait on land. Feeds mainly on fish. Adult has long, cylindrical body, with short legs and long, thickset tail. Blunt head has sensitive bristles and toes are webbed. Coat is mainly brown but chin, throat and belly are whitish. Fur has water-repellent properties: sleek in water but ‘spiky’ when dry. Mostly silent. Persecuted and poisoned (by agricultural pesticides) until mostly extinct in lowland Britain by 1960s. Now recovering and recolonising former haunts.
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  • Turnstone Arenaria interpres L 23cm. Pugnacious wader with stout, triangular bill, used to turn stones in search of invertebrates. Feeds unobtrusively. All birds have reddish orange legs and black and white wing pattern in flight. Sexes are similar. Adult has orange-red on back, white underparts and bold black and white markings on head. Males have brighter back colours than females and more distinct black head markings. Winter adult has grey-brown upperparts, the head and neck. Breast is marked with blackish band that shows a clear demarcation from white underparts. Juvenile is similar to winter adult but upperparts are paler and back feathers have pale fringes. Voice Utters a rolling tuk-ut-ut in flight. Status Non-breeding visitor to coasts. Widespread and common.
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  • Coot Fulica atra L 36-38cm. Robust waterbird, often found with Moorhen. Has lobed toes. Feeds by upending, making shallow dives or grazing waterside vegetation. Gregarious outside breeding season. Sexes are similar. Adult has blackish plumage, darkest on head and neck. Note white bill and frontal shield on head, and beady red eye. Legs are pale yellowish. In flight, shows white trailing edge on otherwise dark, rounded wings. Juvenile has dark greyish brown upperparts and white on throat and front of neck. Voice Utters a loud kwoot call. Status Common resident, found on range of freshwater wetland habitats; numbers boosted in winter by influx of migrants.
    133038.jpg
  • Barn Owl Tyto alba L 34-38cm. Mainly nocturnal but sometimes hunts from late afternoon onwards. Feeds mainly on grassland small mammals. Flight is leisurely and slow on rounded wings. Responds well to nestbox schemes. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have orange-buff upperparts speckled with tiny black and white dots. Facial disc is heart-shaped and white. In flight, underwings pure white. Voice Utters blood-curdling at night. Status Vulnerable and generally scarce resident species.
    135705.jpg
  • Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus L 30cm. Similar to Redshank but with longer legs and bill. In flight, note uniform upperwings (no white trailing edge) and distinctive flight call. Often feeds in deep water and swims sometimes. Sexes are similar. Adult in breeding plumage (seen in late spring and summer) is mainly black with white eyering and dotted white fringes to back feathers; incomplete breeding plumage is more typically observeed. In winter, has pale grey upperparts and clean, whitish underparts. Legs are reddish and note pale supercilium. Juvenile recalls winter adult but plumage is overall darker and underparts are barred; legs are orange-yellow. Voice Utters a diagnostic tchewit call. Status Regular but scarce passage migrant; winters in small numbers on estuaries mainly in S.
    137361.jpg
  • Rook Corvus frugilegus L 43-48cm. Familiar farmland bird. Feeds in large flocks (mainly on soil invertebrates) and occupies noisy colonial tree nest sites. Sexes are similar. Adult has black plumage with reddish-purple sheen. Bill is long, narrow and rather pointed; note bare patch of whitish skin at base. Juvenile is similar but skin at base of bill is feathered. Voice Utters a grating craah-craah-craah… call. Status Locally common resident, found mainly on farmland and grassland. Builds large twig nests in clumps of tall trees.
    137656.jpg
  • Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos W 190-225cm. Majestic raptor. Distant flight view could be confused with soaring Buzzard but note proportionately longer wings (narrow appreciably towards base) and relatively long tail. Catches Mountain Hares and Red Grouse but also feeds on carrion in winter. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly dark brown plumage with paler margins to feathers on back and golden-brown feathers on head and neck. Tail is dark-tipped and barred but can look uniformly dark in flight silhouette. Juvenile is similar to adult but has white patches at base of outer flight feathers; tail is mainly white but with broad, dark tip. Subadult gradually loses white elements of juvenile plumage by successive moults over several years. Voice Mainly silent. Status Resident of remote, upland regions, mainly in Scotland. Favours open moorland and mountains.
    143932.jpg
  • Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos W 190-225cm. Majestic raptor. Distant flight view could be confused with soaring Buzzard but note proportionately longer wings (narrow appreciably towards base) and relatively long tail. Catches Mountain Hares and Red Grouse but also feeds on carrion in winter. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly dark brown plumage with paler margins to feathers on back and golden-brown feathers on head and neck. Tail is dark-tipped and barred but can look uniformly dark in flight silhouette. Juvenile is similar to adult but has white patches at base of outer flight feathers; tail is mainly white but with broad, dark tip. Subadult gradually loses white elements of juvenile plumage by successive moults over several years. Voice Mainly silent. Status Resident of remote, upland regions, mainly in Scotland. Favours open moorland and mountains.
    143940.jpg
  • Silver-spotted Skipper - Hesperia comma - (male - top, female - bottom). Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
    156984.jpg
  • Large White - Pieris brassicae. Male (top) - female (bottom). Wingspan 60mm. As its name suggests, this the largest British ‘white’ butterfly. Adult upperwings are creamy-white with black tip to forewing; female has additional two spots on forewing. Underwings are yellowish. Adult flies May–September. Larva is black and yellow and feeds on cabbages and related plants; usually found in groups. Common and widespread, and often seen in the garden.
    156707.jpg
  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
    156684.jpg
  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
    156683.jpg
  • Large White Pieris brassicae Wingspan 60mm. As its name suggests, this the largest British ‘white’ butterfly. Adult upperwings are creamy-white with black tip to forewing; female has additional two spots on forewing. Underwings are yellowish. Adult flies May–September. Larva is black and yellow and feeds on cabbages and related plants; usually found in groups. Common and widespread, and often seen in the garden.
    156644.jpg
  • Brimstone - Gonepteryx rhamni - female. Wingspan 60mm. A colourful butterfly and a harbinger of spring. Adult has distinctive wings: rounded overall with pointed tips; those on the forewings are hooked. Male is brimstone-yellow; female is much paler and could be mistaken for a Large White in flight. Single-brooded: adults hatch in August, then hibernate and emerge on sunny spring days. Larva is green with pale lateral line; feeds on Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn. Locally common in England and Wales.
    156603.jpg
  • Cuckoo Cuculus canorus - Young being fed by Dunnock. L 33-35cm. Secretive summer visitor with intriguing lifestyle. Heard more than seen. Recalls a Sparrowhawk in flight. Feeds mainly on hairy caterpillars. Sexes sometimes separable. Adult male, and most females have blue-grey head, neck and upperparts; underparts are white and barred. Some adult females are brown and barred on head, neck and upperparts; underparts are white with dark bars. Juvenile is similar to brown adult female but with white nape. Voice Male utters distinctive cuck-oo song; female has bubbling call. Status Local summer visitor. Range dictated by occurrence of songbirds used for nest parasitism; host species include Meadow Pipit, Dunnock and Reed Warbler.
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  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
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  • Brown Hairstreak Thecla betulae Wingspan 40-50mm. A lethargic butterfly and a sluggish flier; often prefers to walk over foliage rather than fly. Adult has dark brown upperwings; male has orange patch on forewing. Underwings are orange-brown with white line. Flies August. Larva is slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Very local in southern and central England and Wales. Favours Blackthorn scrub and hedgerows.
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  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
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  • Orange-tip Anthocharis cardamines Wingspan 40mm. A familiar spring butterfly, males of which are unmistakable. Adult has rounded wings. Forewing is dark-tipped but male has an adjacent orange patch. Underside of hindwing of both sexes is marbled green and white. Adult flies April–June. Larva is green with whitish counter shading; feeds mainly on Cuckoo-flower. Widespread in southern Britain and Ireland; associated with open woodland, verges, and rural gardens.
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  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
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  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
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  • Pine Hawk-moth Hyloicus pinastri Wingspan 80mm. An extremely well-camouflaged moth when resting on the bark of pine trees.  Adult has grey-brown forewings marked with darker streaks and stippled with dark spot. The hindwings are flushed buffish but are only occasionally exposed if the moth is alarmed. Flies June–July. Larva is green with lengthways pale stripes and a dark ‘horn’ at the tail end. Larva feeds on Scots Pine needles. Locally common only in southern England.
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  • Marsh Fritillary Euphydryas aurinia Wingspan 40-50mm. A rather lethargic butterfly, that is fond of basking in sunshine. Adult is beautifully marked with reddish-orange, buff and yellow; upperwings are more colourful than underwings. Flies May–June. Larva is black with tufts of spiny hairs; feeds on Devil’s-bit Scabious and plantains. Widespread but very local on heaths and chalk grassland; mainly in southwest England and Wales, and southwest Scotland.
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  • Lulworth Skipper Thymelicus acteon Wingspan 28mm. Well-marked butterfly; like other skippers it has an active, buzzing flight. Adult has olive-brown upperwings. Forewing has crescent of pale spots like a paw-print; markings are brighter on females than on males. Flies June–July. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in coastal grassland from Purbeck in Dorset to east Devon.
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  • Large White Pieris brassicae Wingspan 60mm. As its name suggests, this the largest British ‘white’ butterfly. Adult upperwings are creamy-white with black tip to forewing; female has additional two spots on forewing. Underwings are yellowish. Adult flies May–September. Larva is black and yellow and feeds on cabbages and related plants; usually found in groups. Common and widespread, and often seen in the garden.
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  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
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  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
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  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
    144927.jpg
  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
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  • Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum Wingspan 45mm. A fascinating, migrant day-flying moth that hovers and sips nectar from flowers using its long tongue; the wingbeats create an audible hum. Resting moths sometimes sit on banks but are well camouflaged and hard to spot. Adult has brown forewings and an orange patch on the hindwings. Flies May-October. Larva is pale green with a lengthways white line, white spots and a small bluish ‘horn’ at tail end. Larva feeds on bedstraws. An occasional migrant visitor to Britain from mainland Europe; numbers vary from year to year but always commonest on the south coast.
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  • Glanville Fritillary Mellitaea cinxia Wingspan 40mm. A beautifully marked butterfly that is active only in sunshine; remains concealed in cover on overcast days. Adult has orange-brown upperwings; underwings are creamy-white and orange-buff. Flies May–June. Larva is black and bristly, with a red head; feeds gregariously on Sea Plantain. Very locally common on undercliffs on Isle of Wight and south Hampshire.
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  • Chalkhill Blue Polyommatus coridon Wingspan 40mm. Iconic downland butterfly, males of which are a unique colour amongst British blues. Adult male has pale sky-blue upperwings; female’s are dark brown with orange submarginal spots. Underwings of both sexes are grey-brown with spots. Flies July–August. Larva feeds on Horseshoe Vetch; sometimes discovered at dusk being attended by ants. Very local and restricted to chalk and limestone grassland in southern England.
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  • Chalkhill Blue Polyommatus coridon Wingspan 40mm. Iconic downland butterfly, males of which are a unique colour amongst British blues. Adult male has pale sky-blue upperwings; female’s are dark brown with orange submarginal spots. Underwings of both sexes are grey-brown with spots. Flies July–August. Larva feeds on Horseshoe Vetch; sometimes discovered at dusk being attended by ants. Very local and restricted to chalk and limestone grassland in southern England.
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  • Broad-bordered Bee Hawk-moth Hemaris fuciformis Wingspan 40-45mm. An intriguing day-flying moth whose appearance and hovering flight make it look remarkably like a bumblebee. Adult has a furry yellowish-brown body with a reddish band across the abdomen, and black hair-like tufts at the tip. The wings have reddish-brown margins but are otherwise transparent. Flies May-June. Larva feeds on Honeysuckle and bedstraws. Local and restricted to open woodland in southern England.
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  • Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni Wingspan 60mm. A colourful butterfly and a harbinger of spring. Adult has distinctive wings: rounded overall with pointed tips; those on the forewings are hooked. Male is brimstone-yellow; female is much paler and could be mistaken for a Large White in flight. Single-brooded: adults hatch in August, then hibernate and emerge on sunny spring days. Larva is green with pale lateral line; feeds on Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn. Locally common in England and Wales.
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  • Adonis Blue Polyommatus bellargus Wingspan 32mm. A classic chalk downland butterfly, males of which are dazzling. Adult male has iridescent blue upperwings with black and white margins; female’s upperwings are brown with orange submarginal spots. Underwings of both sexes are grey-brown with spots. Double brooded: flies May–June and July–August. Larva feeds on Horseshoe Vetch; can sometimes be found in short turf being attended by ants. Very local in southern England but entirely restricted to chalk downs.
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  • Lobster Moth Stauropus fagi Length 32mm. An intriguing moth named after the bizarre appearance of its larva. Adult has reddish-grey wings, usually with an orange-pink flush; it is well camouflaged when resting on tree bark. Flies May–July. Larva looks and behaves like an ant when tiny; with maturity its long legs give it a crustacean-like appearance. Larva feeds on Beech, oaks and Hazel. Locally common only in the south.
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  • Elephant Hawk-moth Deilephila elpenor Wingspan 70mm. One of our most attractive moths. It is sometimes seen at dusk visiting flowers such as Honeysuckle. Adult has pink and olive-green wings and body. Flies May–June. Larva is brown or green; the head end fancifully resembles an elephant’s trunk and eyespots deter would-be predators; when alarmed the head is contracted, enlarging the eyespots. Larva feeds on willowherbs. Common in southern and central England and Wales, and more locally in lowland Scotland.
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  • Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma Wingspan 34mm. An iconic butterfly that is restricted to chalk downland. Adult recalls a Large Skipper but the dark brown upperwings have distinctive pale spots; the greenish-brown underwings have silvery-white spots after which the species is named. Flies August-September. Larva is nocturnal and feeds on grasses. Very local in southern England, and only on chalk downs.
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  • Otter Lutra lutra Length 95-135cm Sinuous swimmer with a bounding gait on land. Feeds mainly on fish. Adult has long, cylindrical body, with short legs and long, thickset tail. Blunt head has sensitive bristles and toes are webbed. Coat is mainly brown but chin, throat and belly are whitish. Fur has water-repellent properties: sleek in water but ‘spiky’ when dry. Mostly silent. Persecuted and poisoned (by agricultural pesticides) until mostly extinct in lowland Britain by 1960s. Now recovering and recolonising former haunts.
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  • Otter Lutra lutra Length 95-135cm Sinuous swimmer with a bounding gait on land. Feeds mainly on fish. Adult has long, cylindrical body, with short legs and long, thickset tail. Blunt head has sensitive bristles and toes are webbed. Coat is mainly brown but chin, throat and belly are whitish. Fur has water-repellent properties: sleek in water but ‘spiky’ when dry. Mostly silent. Persecuted and poisoned (by agricultural pesticides) until mostly extinct in lowland Britain by 1960s. Now recovering and recolonising former haunts.
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  • Otter Lutra lutra Length 95-135cm Sinuous swimmer with a bounding gait on land. Feeds mainly on fish. Adult has long, cylindrical body, with short legs and long, thickset tail. Blunt head has sensitive bristles and toes are webbed. Coat is mainly brown but chin, throat and belly are whitish. Fur has water-repellent properties: sleek in water but ‘spiky’ when dry. Mostly silent. Persecuted and poisoned (by agricultural pesticides) until mostly extinct in lowland Britain by 1960s. Now recovering and recolonising former haunts.
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  • Otter Lutra lutra Length 95-135cm Sinuous swimmer with a bounding gait on land. Feeds mainly on fish. Adult has long, cylindrical body, with short legs and long, thickset tail. Blunt head has sensitive bristles and toes are webbed. Coat is mainly brown but chin, throat and belly are whitish. Fur has water-repellent properties: sleek in water but ‘spiky’ when dry. Mostly silent. Persecuted and poisoned (by agricultural pesticides) until mostly extinct in lowland Britain by 1960s. Now recovering and recolonising former haunts.
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  • The Wryneck Jynx torquilla (L 16-17cm) is an extraordinary member of the woodpecker family whose intricate plumage markings afford it superb camouflage. It feeds mainly on the ground, and is fond of ants. An adult has delicately marked grey, brown, buff and black upperparts, the pattern of which looks like tree bark. The underparts are pale and barred, flushed yellow-buff on the throat and flanks. Note the dark stripes through the eye and down the crown, nape and centre of the back. Juvenile birds have an indistinct crown stripe. Sadly, the days when the Wryneck was a widespread breeding bird in the region are long gone. A handful of pairs nests in the Scottish Highlands but now it is best known as a scarce passage migrant, found mainly in autumn on S and E coasts of England.
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  • Barn Owl Tyto alba L 34-38cm. Mainly nocturnal but sometimes hunts from late afternoon onwards. Feeds mainly on grassland small mammals. Flight is leisurely and slow on rounded wings. Responds well to nestbox schemes. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have orange-buff upperparts speckled with tiny black and white dots. Facial disc is heart-shaped and white. In flight, underwings pure white. Voice Utters blood-curdling at night. Status Vulnerable and generally scarce resident species.
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  • Coot Fulica atra L 36-38cm. Robust waterbird, often found with Moorhen. Has lobed toes. Feeds by upending, making shallow dives or grazing waterside vegetation. Gregarious outside breeding season. Sexes are similar. Adult has blackish plumage, darkest on head and neck. Note white bill and frontal shield on head, and beady red eye. Legs are pale yellowish. In flight, shows white trailing edge on otherwise dark, rounded wings. Juvenile has dark greyish brown upperparts and white on throat and front of neck. Voice Utters a loud kwoot call. Status Common resident, found on range of freshwater wetland habitats; numbers boosted in winter by influx of migrants.
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  • Coot Fulica atra L 36-38cm. Robust waterbird, often found with Moorhen. Has lobed toes. Feeds by upending, making shallow dives or grazing waterside vegetation. Gregarious outside breeding season. Sexes are similar. Adult has blackish plumage, darkest on head and neck. Note white bill and frontal shield on head, and beady red eye. Legs are pale yellowish. In flight, shows white trailing edge on otherwise dark, rounded wings. Juvenile has dark greyish brown upperparts and white on throat and front of neck. Voice Utters a loud kwoot call. Status Common resident, found on range of freshwater wetland habitats; numbers boosted in winter by influx of migrants.
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