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  • Roe Deer dropping - Capreolus capreolus
    128110.jpg
  • Dog Dropping - Canis lupus familiaris
    128443.jpg
  • Common Gull - Larus canus - dropping mussel
    160254.jpg
  • Roe Deer droppings - Capreolus capreolus
    128106.jpg
  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
    128109.jpg
  • Stoat Mustela erminea Length 25-40cm Active predator with a long, sinuous body. Catches mainly rodents and Rabbits. Male is larger than female. Adult has summer coat comprising orange-brown upperparts and white underparts; tail is black-tipped. In winter, some animals in N acquire white ‘ermine’ coat; tip of tail remains black. Utters high-pitched calls in alarm. Widespread but seldom common; still widely persecuted. In Ireland, sometimes confusingly referred to as a weasel. Favoured habitats include farmland, woodlands, marshes and moors.
    128445.jpg
  • Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Length 23-27cm Mainly nocturnal animal, protected by spines (modified hairs). Feeds mainly on invertebrates but will take food put out by people. Hibernates from Oct-Apr. Spines are erectile and an effective deterrent when animal rolls into a defensive ball. Head and underparts are covered in coarse hairs. Muzzle-shaped head ends in a sensitive nose. Utters a pig-like squeal in distress, and grunts when courting. Familiar garden resident.
    128150.jpg
  • Fox Vulpes vulpes Length 95-130cm Adaptable dog-like carnivore but with a catholic diet including fruits and berries. Mainly nocturnal; daytime shelter is called an earth. Adult has thick, mainly orange-brown coat with whitish jaws and underparts are white and white tip to tail. Feet and backs of ears are blackish. Yelping scream is uttered mainly by females for brief period in winter, to mark breeding season. Common, widespread and adaptable, found in towns and cities as well as countryside.
    128195.jpg
  • Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus Length 30-50cm Familiar rodent with omnivorous diet. Swims and climbs well. Adult recalls an outsized mouse but with a larger, plumper body, shorter ears, shorter legs (but larger feet) and a thicker tail. Fur is coarse and mainly brown, grading to grey on underparts. Tail looks scaly with sparse bristles. Utters agonising screams in distress. First reached in Britain in 1720 as a stowaway on boats. Now widespread and abundant especially in areas where food is discarded.
    128429.jpg
  • Pheasant Phasianus colchicus L 55-90cm. Male is colourful and unmistakable; female is also hard to confuse. Takes to the wing noisily and explosively when flushed. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male typically has orange-brown body plumage, blue-green sheen on head, large and striking red wattle and long, orange barred tail; some birds have a white collar. Violet-blue birds are sometimes released. Adult female is mottled buffish brown with shorter tail than male. Juvenile resembles a small, short-tailed female. Voice Territorial male utters a loud, shrieking call, followed by bout of vigorous wing beating. In alarm, a loud ke-tuk, ke-tuk, ke-tuk is uttered as bird flies away. Status Introduced and established here since 11th Century. Widespread and commonest in wooded farmland.
    128089.jpg
  • Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Length 40-55cm Familiar, long-eared social burrowing mammal. Lives in tunnel complexes called warrens. Mainly nocturnal or crepuscular; diet is vegetarian. Adult has mainly greyish brown fur with rufous nape and pale greyish underparts. Long ears have rounded, brown tips and tail is dark above and white below. Legs are long but relatively shorter than those of Brown Hare. squeals loudly in alarm. Introduced to Britain but now widespread and common in grassland, scrub and on roadside verges.
    128107.jpg
  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
    128108.jpg
  • Sheep Ovis aries Shoulder height 50-70cm Coat comprises thick, rigid hair and thin, curly wool. Male (ram) has horns in most breeds. Female (ewe) usually has shorter horns. Juvenile (lamb) resembles female, but with shorter, cleaner coat. In lambing season, mothers and lambs utter the familiar ‘baaing’ and bleating calls respectively. Domesticated for millennia, kept for milk, wool, meat and hide.
    128485.jpg
  • Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Length 23-27cm Mainly nocturnal animal, protected by spines (modified hairs). Feeds mainly on invertebrates but will take food put out by people. Hibernates from Oct-Apr. Spines are erectile and an effective deterrent when animal rolls into a defensive ball. Head and underparts are covered in coarse hairs. Muzzle-shaped head ends in a sensitive nose. Utters a pig-like squeal in distress, and grunts when courting. Familiar garden resident.
    133709.jpg
  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
    128010.jpg
  • Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus Length 30-50cm Familiar rodent with omnivorous diet. Swims and climbs well. Adult recalls an outsized mouse but with a larger, plumper body, shorter ears, shorter legs (but larger feet) and a thicker tail. Fur is coarse and mainly brown, grading to grey on underparts. Tail looks scaly with sparse bristles. Utters agonising screams in distress. First reached in Britain in 1720 as a stowaway on boats. Now widespread and abundant especially in areas where food is discarded.
    128430.jpg
  • Chinese Water Deer Hydropotes inermis Shoulder height 55-60cm Small, secretive deer. Adult is reddish buff in summer, greyish brown in winter. Black nose contrasts with otherwise white muzzle. Beady black eyes have white surround. Ears are large and antlers are absent in both sexes. With age, the upper canines develop into projecting tusks; longer in male than female. Fawn is reddish brown with white spots. Barks and screams in alarm. Males have a whistling call during rut. Escaped from Whipsnade Zoo early in 20th Century. Feral British populations now found from Buckinghamshire to East Anglia. Favours marsh habitats including fens and reedbeds.
    128450.jpg
  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
    128462.jpg
  • Goat Capra hircus Shoulder height 60-90cm Familiar domesticated animal. Feral populations established in several locations. Sure-footed on steep, broken terrain. Adult Feral Goat is shorter and stockier than domesticated forms. Coat is long, shaggy and variably coloured, often piebald mixture of grey, black and whitish. Male (billy) is larger and bulkier than female (nanny) and has recurved, ringed horns that increase in size with age. Many have a ‘beard’ and tassles on chin. Female is smaller than male, with shorter horns. Juvenile (kid) lacks horns. Voice Utters a warning whistle. Females summon their kids by bleating. Domesticated for more than 10,000 years, prized for its hair, milk, hide and meat. Probably brought to Britain by first Neolithic human settlers.
    128694.jpg
  • Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Length 40-55cm Familiar, long-eared social burrowing mammal. Lives in tunnel complexes called warrens. Mainly nocturnal or crepuscular; diet is vegetarian. Adult has mainly greyish brown fur with rufous nape and pale greyish underparts. Long ears have rounded, brown tips and tail is dark above and white below. Legs are long but relatively shorter than those of Brown Hare. squeals loudly in alarm. Introduced to Britain but now widespread and common in grassland, scrub and on roadside verges.
    128009.jpg
  • Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus Shoulder height 65-70cm Territorial and mostly solitary deer. Adult has white on muzzle, and black nose and ‘moustache’. Coat is reddish brown in summer, greyish-brown in winter coat. Male (buck) has short, branch-like antlers from spring to early winter; size and complexity increases with age. Note oval, whitish mark on rump. Female (doe) is less stocky than male and lacks antlers; whitish rump marking is like an inverted heart. Fawn is reddish brown with white spots. Utters barking call in alarm. Native to Britain. Widespread in Scotland and locally common in England. Favours wooded farmland.
    128126.jpg
  • Fallow Deer Dama dama Shoulder height 80-100cm Medium-sized deer. Mainly nocturnal. Lives in separate sex herds for much of year. Adult is reddish brown with whitish spots in summer. Usually dark grey-brown in winter but some are black or creamy white. All have whitish rump with dark margin and blackish tail with white margin. Male (buck) grows broad, palmate antlers in spring and early summer; shed by late winter. Antler size and complexity increases with age. Female (doe) does not antlers. Fawn is reddish brown with whitish spots. Female has barking alarm call; male utters belching groan in autumn rut. Introduced. Now widespread but local in woodland, farmland and scrub.
    128163.jpg
  • Water Vole Arvicola terrestris Length 20-32cm Charming waterside mammal, equally at home in water or on a river bank. Adult has plump body and reddish brown fur. Head is relatively large and rounded. Front feet grasp vegetation while eating. Hind feet are used for swimming. Tail is bristly and relatively shorter than Brown Rat, which has a naked tail. Mostly silent. Likes clean, slow flowing or still waters with marginal vegetation and steep, muddy banks into which it burrows. Thrives only where habitat is maintained and predatory American Mink are controlled.
    128457.jpg
  • Sheep Ovis aries Shoulder height 50-70cm Coat comprises thick, rigid hair and thin, curly wool. Male (ram) has horns in most breeds. Female (ewe) usually has shorter horns. Juvenile (lamb) resembles female, but with shorter, cleaner coat. In lambing season, mothers and lambs utter the familiar ‘baaing’ and bleating calls respectively. Domesticated for millennia, kept for milk, wool, meat and hide.
    128483.jpg
  • Sheep Ovis aries Shoulder height 50-70cm Coat comprises thick, rigid hair and thin, curly wool. Male (ram) has horns in most breeds. Female (ewe) usually has shorter horns. Juvenile (lamb) resembles female, but with shorter, cleaner coat. In lambing season, mothers and lambs utter the familiar ‘baaing’ and bleating calls respectively. Domesticated for millennia, kept for milk, wool, meat and hide.
    128487.jpg
  • Sheep Ovis aries Shoulder height 50-70cm Coat comprises thick, rigid hair and thin, curly wool. Male (ram) has horns in most breeds. Female (ewe) usually has shorter horns. Juvenile (lamb) resembles female, but with shorter, cleaner coat. In lambing season, mothers and lambs utter the familiar ‘baaing’ and bleating calls respectively. Domesticated for millennia, kept for milk, wool, meat and hide.
    128488.jpg
  • Horse/Pony Equus ferus caballus Shoulder height 100-150cm In layman’s terms ‘Pony’ is used imprecisely to describe a small horse. However, several regional breeds do qualify more formally for the description. They are hardy and live semi-feral lives, usually in small social groups. Status Until 9,000 years ago Wild Horses still roamed Britain; the first Neolithic human settlers caused their extinction, replacing them with domesticated animals. Numerous horse breeds now exist; Ponies are the smallest and least developed of these.
    128663.jpg
  • Cattle Bos primigenius Shoulder height 1-1.5m Male (bull) is larger and stockier than female (cow). In many breeds, both sexes have horns; those of male are usually larger than female’s. Juvenile (calf) resembles a small, hornless adult with cleaner coat. Bulls bellow. Breeds of dairy Cattle include Friesian, Guernsey, Jersey and Dairy Shorthorn. Breeds of beef cattle include Aberdeen Angus, Highland, Devon, Sussex, Hereford and Beef Shorthorn. Dual-purpose breeds include Belted Galloway and Red Devon.
    128658.jpg
  • Cattle Bos primigenius Shoulder height 1-1.5m Male (bull) is larger and stockier than female (cow). In many breeds, both sexes have horns; those of male are usually larger than female’s. Juvenile (calf) resembles a small, hornless adult with cleaner coat. Bulls bellow. Breeds of dairy Cattle include Friesian, Guernsey, Jersey and Dairy Shorthorn. Breeds of beef cattle include Aberdeen Angus, Highland, Devon, Sussex, Hereford and Beef Shorthorn. Dual-purpose breeds include Belted Galloway and Red Devon.
    128659.jpg
  • Purple Emperor Apatura iris Wingspan 65mm. An impressive and iconic butterfly of broadleaved woodlands with tall oaks and mature Goat Willows (the larval foodplant). Adult has brown upperwings marked with a white band; the male has the purple sheen, only seen at certain angles. Underwings of both sexes are chestnut with a white band. Flies July-August. Larva is green with diagnostic ‘horns’ at head end. Rare and local, restricted to a few good woodlands in southern England.
    145792.jpg
  • Snowdrops and All Saints Church in Somerford Keynes, Cotswolds, Gloucestershire, Uk
    154570.jpg
  • Church of St Mary the Virgin in Hambleden Village near Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154614.jpg
  • Church of St Mary the Virgin in Hambleden Village near Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154616.jpg
  • Snowdrops and All Saints Church in Somerford Keynes, Cotswolds, Gloucestershire, Uk
    154569.jpg
  • Church of St Mary the Virgin in Hambleden Village near Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154615.jpg
  • Church of St Mary the Virgin in Hambleden Village near Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154617.jpg
  • Burgundydrop Bonnet - Mycena haematopus
    135332.jpg
  • Robin Erithacus rubecula L 13-14cm. Distinctive bird. Garden-dwellers are bold and inquisitive. Sexes are similar. Adult has orange-red face, throat and breast, bordered by blue-grey on sides but with sharp demarcation from white belly. Upperparts are buffish brown with faint buff wingbar. Juvenile has brown upperparts, marked with buff spots and teardrop-shaped streaks; pale buff underparts have darker spots and crescent-shaped markings. Voice Song is plaintive and melancholy. Alarm call is a sharp tic. Status Widespread resident, commonest in S. Observation tips Easiest to find in gardens and parks.
    118688.jpg
  • Mist water droplets on spiders webs on the forest floor in a silver birch wood, Boat of Garten, Cairngorms National Park, Scottish Highlands, Uk
    145494.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    144881.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak - Satyriuim pruni. Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    156989.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    145199.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    145056.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    144886.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    144884.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    108554.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    108552.jpg
  • WOOD AVENS Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Hairy perennial of hedgerows and woodland. FLOWERS are 8-15mm across and comprise 5 yellow petals; upright in bud but dropping when fully open (May-Aug). FRUITS are bur-like, with red, hooked spines. LEAVES comprise basal leaves with 3-6 pairs of side leaflets and a large terminal one; stem leaves 3-lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    130274.jpg
  • WOOD AVENS Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Hairy perennial of hedgerows and woodland. FLOWERS are 8-15mm across and comprise 5 yellow petals; upright in bud but dropping when fully open (May-Aug). FRUITS are bur-like, with red, hooked spines. LEAVES comprise basal leaves with 3-6 pairs of side leaflets and a large terminal one; stem leaves 3-lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    144511.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    145200.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    145055.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    145054.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    144885.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    144883.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    144882.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    108553.jpg
  • Black Hairstreak Satyriuim pruni Wingspan 35mm. A rather sluggish butterfly with lethargic flight. Easiest to see when feeding on Privet flowers or honeydew on leaves. Adult seldom reveals upperwings. Underwings are rich brown with orange band white line on both wings. Upperwings are dark grey-brown. Flies July. Larva is rather slug-like and feeds on Blackthorn. Pupa has markings that make it look like a bird dropping. A rare butterfly, found in open woods with Blackthorn thickets; mainly in the East Midlands.
    105165.jpg
  • WOOD AVENS Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Hairy perennial of hedgerows and woodland. FLOWERS are 8-15mm across and comprise 5 yellow petals; upright in bud but dropping when fully open (May-Aug). FRUITS are bur-like, with red, hooked spines. LEAVES comprise basal leaves with 3-6 pairs of side leaflets and a large terminal one; stem leaves 3-lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    144510.jpg
  • WOOD AVENS Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Hairy perennial of hedgerows and woodland. FLOWERS are 8-15mm across and comprise 5 yellow petals; upright in bud but dropping when fully open (May-Aug). FRUITS are bur-like, with red, hooked spines. LEAVES comprise basal leaves with 3-6 pairs of side leaflets and a large terminal one; stem leaves 3-lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    144512.jpg
  • WOOD AVENS Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Hairy perennial of hedgerows and woodland. FLOWERS are 8-15mm across and comprise 5 yellow petals; upright in bud but dropping when fully open (May-Aug). FRUITS are bur-like, with red, hooked spines. LEAVES comprise basal leaves with 3-6 pairs of side leaflets and a large terminal one; stem leaves 3-lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    130513.jpg
  • Lime-speck Pug Eupithecia centaureata Wingspan 16-19mm. A very narrow-winged pug whose wings are spread flat when at rest with a gap between hindwings and abdome. Adult has wing markings and colours that create the impression of a bird-dropping: the whitish forewings have a dark spot on the middle of the leading edge, and a buff band and dark lines. Double-brooded: on the wing April-August. Larava feeds on a variety of low-growing plants. Widespread and common.
    134843.jpg
  • Chinese Character Cilix glaucata Length 12-13mm. An interesting moth: at rest on a leaf it looks remarkably like a bird-dropping. Adult has whitish forewings, blotched with brown and purplish-blue. Double-brooded: flies May-June, and again in August. Larva feeds on Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Bramble. Locally common in southern and central England.
    118995.jpg
  • Lime-speck Pug Eupithecia centaureata Wingspan 16-19mm. A very narrow-winged pug whose wings are spread flat when at rest with a gap between hindwings and abdome. Adult has wing markings and colours that create the impression of a bird-dropping: the whitish forewings have a dark spot on the middle of the leading edge, and a buff band and dark lines. Double-brooded: on the wing April-August. Larava feeds on a variety of low-growing plants. Widespread and common.
    140350.jpg
  • Chinese Character Cilix glaucata Length 12-13mm. An interesting moth: at rest on a leaf it looks remarkably like a bird-dropping. Adult has whitish forewings, blotched with brown and purplish-blue. Double-brooded: flies May-June, and again in August. Larva feeds on Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Bramble. Locally common in southern and central England.
    140248.jpg
  • Lime-speck Pug Eupithecia centaureata Wingspan 16-19mm. A very narrow-winged pug whose wings are spread flat when at rest with a gap between hindwings and abdome. Adult has wing markings and colours that create the impression of a bird-dropping: the whitish forewings have a dark spot on the middle of the leading edge, and a buff band and dark lines. Double-brooded: on the wing April-August. Larava feeds on a variety of low-growing plants. Widespread and common.
    140071.jpg
  • Chinese Character Cilix glaucata Length 12-13mm. An interesting moth: at rest on a leaf it looks remarkably like a bird-dropping. Adult has whitish forewings, blotched with brown and purplish-blue. Double-brooded: flies May-June, and again in August. Larva feeds on Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Bramble. Locally common in southern and central England.
    128316.jpg
  • Chinese Character Cilix glaucata Length 12-13mm. An interesting moth: at rest on a leaf it looks remarkably like a bird-dropping. Adult has whitish forewings, blotched with brown and purplish-blue. Double-brooded: flies May-June, and again in August. Larva feeds on Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Bramble. Locally common in southern and central England.
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  • COMMON MEADOW-RUE Thalictrum flavum (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Upright perennial of damp meadows, ditches and fens; favours basic soils. FLOWERS have small petals that drop, but showy, yellow anthers; borne in dense clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are fern-like and pinnately divided 2 or 3 times into toothed lobes. STATUS-Widespread but local, common only in S and E.
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  • Large Heath Coenonympha tullia Wingspan 38mm. Hardy, upland butterfly. Adult seldom reveals upperwings; underside of hindwing is grey-brown while orange-brown forewing has a small eyespot. Flies June-July. Only flies in sunny weather and drops into vegetation the instant a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on White Beak-sedge. Status Local on waterlogged acid moors from central Wales northwards; most widespread in Scotland, very local in Ireland.
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  • Large Heath Coenonympha tullia Wingspan 38mm. Hardy, upland butterfly. Adult seldom reveals upperwings; underside of hindwing is grey-brown while orange-brown forewing has a small eyespot. Flies June-July. Only flies in sunny weather and drops into vegetation the instant a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on White Beak-sedge. Status Local on waterlogged acid moors from central Wales northwards; most widespread in Scotland, very local in Ireland.
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  • Large Heath - Coenonympha tullia - male, ssp. davus - Lake District (top row); <br />
female, ssp. davus - Lake District (2nd row); male, ssp. polydama - Scottish borders (3rd row); male, ssp. scotica - N Scotland (4th row). Hardy, upland butterfly. Adult seldom reveals upperwings; underside of hindwing is grey-brown while orange-brown forewing has a small eyespot. Flies June-July. Only flies in sunny weather and drops into vegetation the instant a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on White Beak-sedge. Status Local on waterlogged acid moors from central Wales northwards; most widespread in Scotland, very local in Ireland.
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  • Large Heath - Coenonympha tullia - male, ssp. davus - Lake District (top row) - <br />
female, ssp. davus - Lake District (2nd row) - male, ssp. polydama - Scottish borders (3rd row). Hardy, upland butterfly. Adult seldom reveals upperwings; underside of hindwing is grey-brown while orange-brown forewing has a small eyespot. Flies June-July. Only flies in sunny weather and drops into vegetation the instant a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on White Beak-sedge. Status Local on waterlogged acid moors from central Wales northwards; most widespread in Scotland, very local in Ireland.<br />
bottom row - male, ssp. scotica - NW Scotland
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  • Mountain Ringlet - Erebia epiphron - top row (Lake District) - bottom row (Scotland). Wingspan 32mm. A small and surprisingly delicate butterfly given the hostile upland habitats it favours. Adult has brown upperwings with an orange band marked with small eyespots. Underwings are brown overall; on forewing note broad yellow-orange central area, with small dark eyespots. Flies June–July but only active in sunshine; drops into cover immediately a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on grasses. Very local on moors and mountains in Lake District and central Scottish Highlands.
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  • Mountain Ringlet Erebia epiphron Wingspan 32mm. A small and surprisingly delicate butterfly given the hostile upland habitats it favours. Adult has brown upperwings with an orange band marked with small eyespots. Underwings are brown overall; on forewing note broad yellow-orange central area, with small dark eyespots. Flies June–July but only active in sunshine; drops into cover immediately a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on grasses. Very local on moors and mountains in Lake District and central Scottish Highlands.
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  • Mountain Ringlet Erebia epiphron Wingspan 32mm. A small and surprisingly delicate butterfly given the hostile upland habitats it favours. Adult has brown upperwings with an orange band marked with small eyespots. Underwings are brown overall; on forewing note broad yellow-orange central area, with small dark eyespots. Flies June–July but only active in sunshine; drops into cover immediately a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on grasses. Very local on moors and mountains in Lake District and central Scottish Highlands.
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  • Large Heath Coenonympha tullia Wingspan 38mm. Hardy, upland butterfly. Adult seldom reveals upperwings; underside of hindwing is grey-brown while orange-brown forewing has a small eyespot. Flies June-July. Only flies in sunny weather and drops into vegetation the instant a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on White Beak-sedge. Status Local on waterlogged acid moors from central Wales northwards; most widespread in Scotland, very local in Ireland.
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  • Mountain Ringlet Erebia epiphron Wingspan 32mm. A small and surprisingly delicate butterfly given the hostile upland habitats it favours. Adult has brown upperwings with an orange band marked with small eyespots. Underwings are brown overall; on forewing note broad yellow-orange central area, with small dark eyespots. Flies June–July but only active in sunshine; drops into cover immediately a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on grasses. Very local on moors and mountains in Lake District and central Scottish Highlands.
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  • Large Heath Coenonympha tullia Wingspan 38mm. Hardy, upland butterfly. Adult seldom reveals upperwings; underside of hindwing is grey-brown while orange-brown forewing has a small eyespot. Flies June-July. Only flies in sunny weather and drops into vegetation the instant a cloud obscures the sun. Larva feeds on White Beak-sedge. Status Local on waterlogged acid moors from central Wales northwards; most widespread in Scotland, very local in Ireland.
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