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  • COMMON FUMITORY Fumaria officinalis (Fumariaceae) Height to 10cm. Spreading or scrambling annual of well-drained arable soils. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, pink with crimson tips, spurred and 2-lipped, the lower petal being paddle-shaped; borne in elongating spikes (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are globular and 1-seeded. LEAVES are grey-green and much divided; lobes all in one plane. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    131058.jpg
  • SHEEP’S SORREL Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) Height to 25cm. Short, upright perennial of bare, well-drained acid soils. FLOWERS are greenish and borne in loose, slender spikes (May-Aug). FRUITS are nut-like. LEAVES are arrow-shaped but the basal lobes point forwards; upper leaves clasp the stem. STATUS-Widespread and common in suitable habitats.
    130851.jpg
  • FIDDLE DOCK Rumex pulcher (Polygonaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright to spreading perennial with branches spreading at right angles. Favours well-drained soil, often near the coast. FLOWERS are borne on spikes in widely separated whorls (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are toothed and have 3 tubercles. LEAVES are up to 10cm, and waisted and violin-shaped. STATUS-Local, and restricted to S England and S Wales.
    131353.jpg
  • COMMON FUMITORY Fumaria officinalis (Fumariaceae) Height to 10cm. Spreading or scrambling annual of well-drained arable soils. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, pink with crimson tips, spurred and 2-lipped, the lower petal being paddle-shaped; borne in elongating spikes (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are globular and 1-seeded. LEAVES are grey-green and much divided; lobes all in one plane. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    140022.jpg
  • Woad Isatis tinctoria Height to 1m. Upright biennial or perennial of well-drained soils, usually in shady spots. Introduced and formerly used as a source or dye. Leaves are elongate-triangular with basal lobes. Flowers are yellow and 3-5mm across; borne in large, frothy heads, June-August. Widespread but very local.
    134111.jpg
  • Woad Isatis tinctoria Height to 1m. Upright biennial or perennial of well-drained soils, usually in shady spots. Introduced and formerly used as a source or dye. Leaves are elongate-triangular with basal lobes. Flowers are yellow and 3-5mm across; borne in large, frothy heads, June-August. Widespread but very local.
    134112.jpg
  • Woad Isatis tinctoria Height to 1m. Upright biennial or perennial of well-drained soils, usually in shady spots. Introduced and formerly used as a source or dye. Leaves are elongate-triangular with basal lobes. Flowers are yellow and 3-5mm across; borne in large, frothy heads, June-August. Widespread but very local.
    134023.jpg
  • FIDDLE DOCK Rumex pulcher (Polygonaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright to spreading perennial with branches spreading at right angles. Favours well-drained soil, often near the coast. FLOWERS are borne on spikes in widely separated whorls (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are toothed and have 3 tubercles. LEAVES are up to 10cm, and waisted and violin-shaped. STATUS-Local, and restricted to S England and S Wales.
    131360.jpg
  • SHEEP’S SORREL Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) Height to 25cm. Short, upright perennial of bare, well-drained acid soils. FLOWERS are greenish and borne in loose, slender spikes (May-Aug). FRUITS are nut-like. LEAVES are arrow-shaped but the basal lobes point forwards; upper leaves clasp the stem. STATUS-Widespread and common in suitable habitats.
    130935.jpg
  • FIDDLE DOCK Rumex pulcher (Polygonaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright to spreading perennial with branches spreading at right angles. Favours well-drained soil, often near the coast. FLOWERS are borne on spikes in widely separated whorls (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are toothed and have 3 tubercles. LEAVES are up to 10cm, and waisted and violin-shaped. STATUS-Local, and restricted to S England and S Wales.
    132081.jpg
  • FIDDLE DOCK Rumex pulcher (Polygonaceae) Height to 30cm. Upright to spreading perennial with branches spreading at right angles. Favours well-drained soil, often near the coast. FLOWERS are borne on spikes in widely separated whorls (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are toothed and have 3 tubercles. LEAVES are up to 10cm, and waisted and violin-shaped. STATUS-Local, and restricted to S England and S Wales.
    131333.jpg
  • JUNIPER Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) Height to 5m (sometimes prostrate). Dense shrub of well-drained soils, from chalk downland to mountains. FLOWERS appear on separate sex plants; those on female plants are green and oval (much of year). FRUITS ripen in 2nd year to form blue-black berry-like cones. LEAVES are stiff, bluish green, needle-like and arranged in whorls of 3. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    134434.jpg
  • JUNIPER Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) Height to 5m (sometimes prostrate). Dense shrub of well-drained soils, from chalk downland to mountains. FLOWERS appear on separate sex plants; those on female plants are green and oval (much of year). FRUITS ripen in 2nd year to form blue-black berry-like cones. LEAVES are stiff, bluish green, needle-like and arranged in whorls of 3. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    134433.jpg
  • JUNIPER Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) Height to 5m (sometimes prostrate). Dense shrub of well-drained soils, from chalk downland to mountains. FLOWERS appear on separate sex plants; those on female plants are green and oval (much of year). FRUITS ripen in 2nd year to form blue-black berry-like cones. LEAVES are stiff, bluish green, needle-like and arranged in whorls of 3. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    134429.jpg
  • Common Fumitory - Fumaria officinalis
    159282.jpg
  • ROCK STONECROP Sedum forsterianum (Crassulaceae) Height to 20cm. Greyish-green, mat-forming perennial of free-draining rocky ground and old walls. FLOWERS are star-shaped and yellow; in terminal clusters that nod in bud (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and splitting. LEAVES are fleshy and pressed close to stem; terminal clusters on non-flowering shoots. STATUS-Local in SW England; naturalised elsewhere.
    131478.jpg
  • Asparagus - Asparagus officinalis
    159148.jpg
  • ASPARAGUS Asparagus officinalis (Liliaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Branched, hairless perennial that is either upright or prostrate. Young shoots are the familiar vegetable. Grows in free-draining grassy places. FLOWERS are 4-6mm long, greenish and bell-shaped; borne in leaf axils, with separate sex plants (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are red berries. LEAVES are reduced to tiny bracts; what appear to be leaves are in fact slender, branched stems. STATUS- Garden Asparagus (ssp. officinalis) is locally naturalised; prostrate Wild Asparagus (ssp. prostratus) grows on sea cliffs in SW.
    132017.jpg
  • ASPARAGUS Asparagus officinalis (Liliaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Branched, hairless perennial that is either upright or prostrate. Young shoots are the familiar vegetable. Grows in free-draining grassy places. FLOWERS are 4-6mm long, greenish and bell-shaped; borne in leaf axils, with separate sex plants (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are red berries. LEAVES are reduced to tiny bracts; what appear to be leaves are in fact slender, branched stems. STATUS- Garden Asparagus (ssp. officinalis) is locally naturalised; prostrate Wild Asparagus (ssp. prostratus) grows on sea cliffs in SW.
    135362.jpg
  • Asparagus - Asparagus officinalis
    159148.jpg
  • Asparagus - Asparagus officinalis
    159147.jpg
  • Dyke showing water level, Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk UK
    156754.jpg
  • Monkey-puzzle (Chile Pine) Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, domed to conical tree with a tall cylindrical trunk. BARK Greyish, tough, heavily ridged and wrinkled, with numerous rings of old stem scars. BRANCHES Horizontal or slightly drooping, evenly distributed around trunk. LEAVES 3–5cm long, oval, bright glossy green and scale-like. Tip is triangular with a sharp brownish spine. Leaf base overlaps shoot and next leaf and leaves are arranged in a dense spiral on shoot. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones, up to 10cm long, in clusters at shoot-tips. Female cones rounded, up to 17cm long and green for first 2 years, growing on upper surface of shoots; large scales taper to a slender outwardly curved point, and conceal 4cm-long, edible brown seeds. Trees are either male or female. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Chile and Argentina, first brought to Europe in 1795. Now common as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Grows well in towns, but prefers well-drained soils.
    132941.jpg
  • Monkey-puzzle (Chile Pine) Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, domed to conical tree with a tall cylindrical trunk. BARK Greyish, tough, heavily ridged and wrinkled, with numerous rings of old stem scars. BRANCHES Horizontal or slightly drooping, evenly distributed around trunk. LEAVES 3–5cm long, oval, bright glossy green and scale-like. Tip is triangular with a sharp brownish spine. Leaf base overlaps shoot and next leaf and leaves are arranged in a dense spiral on shoot. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones, up to 10cm long, in clusters at shoot-tips. Female cones rounded, up to 17cm long and green for first 2 years, growing on upper surface of shoots; large scales taper to a slender outwardly curved point, and conceal 4cm-long, edible brown seeds. Trees are either male or female. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Chile and Argentina, first brought to Europe in 1795. Now common as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Grows well in towns, but prefers well-drained soils.
    132939.jpg
  • Mole Talpa europaea Length 14-18cm Burrowing, tunnel-dwelling mammal. Cylindrical body is covered in black fur. Feeds mainly on earthworms. Presence detected above ground by ‘molehills’ (spoil heaps of excavated soil). Adult has velvety fur and spade-like front feet, armed with sharp claws, and used for digging. Eyes are tiny and external ears are absent. Head is elongated into a sensitive snout. Mostly silent. Common in meadows and woods with well-drained, invertebrate-rich soil. Beneficial as a soil aerator.
    112080.jpg
  • Mole Talpa europaea Length 14-18cm Burrowing, tunnel-dwelling mammal. Cylindrical body is covered in black fur. Feeds mainly on earthworms. Presence detected above ground by ‘molehills’ (spoil heaps of excavated soil). Adult has velvety fur and spade-like front feet, armed with sharp claws, and used for digging. Eyes are tiny and external ears are absent. Head is elongated into a sensitive snout. Mostly silent. Common in meadows and woods with well-drained, invertebrate-rich soil. Beneficial as a soil aerator.
    127547.jpg
  • Monkey-puzzle (Chile Pine) Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, domed to conical tree with a tall cylindrical trunk. BARK Greyish, tough, heavily ridged and wrinkled, with numerous rings of old stem scars. BRANCHES Horizontal or slightly drooping, evenly distributed around trunk. LEAVES 3–5cm long, oval, bright glossy green and scale-like. Tip is triangular with a sharp brownish spine. Leaf base overlaps shoot and next leaf and leaves are arranged in a dense spiral on shoot. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones, up to 10cm long, in clusters at shoot-tips. Female cones rounded, up to 17cm long and green for first 2 years, growing on upper surface of shoots; large scales taper to a slender outwardly curved point, and conceal 4cm-long, edible brown seeds. Trees are either male or female. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Chile and Argentina, first brought to Europe in 1795. Now common as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Grows well in towns, but prefers well-drained soils.
    133239.jpg
  • Monkey-puzzle (Chile Pine) Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, domed to conical tree with a tall cylindrical trunk. BARK Greyish, tough, heavily ridged and wrinkled, with numerous rings of old stem scars. BRANCHES Horizontal or slightly drooping, evenly distributed around trunk. LEAVES 3–5cm long, oval, bright glossy green and scale-like. Tip is triangular with a sharp brownish spine. Leaf base overlaps shoot and next leaf and leaves are arranged in a dense spiral on shoot. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones, up to 10cm long, in clusters at shoot-tips. Female cones rounded, up to 17cm long and green for first 2 years, growing on upper surface of shoots; large scales taper to a slender outwardly curved point, and conceal 4cm-long, edible brown seeds. Trees are either male or female. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Chile and Argentina, first brought to Europe in 1795. Now common as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Grows well in towns, but prefers well-drained soils.
    133240.jpg
  • BLADDER CAMPION Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 80cm. Upright perennial of dry grassland on well-drained soil; often on chalk. FLOWERS are white, drooping and 16-18mm across (Jun-Aug); petals are deeply divided and calyx is swollen to form a purple-veined bladder. FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green and oval; in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread but common only in S.
    131119.jpg
  • Mole Talpa europaea Length 14-18cm Burrowing, tunnel-dwelling mammal. Cylindrical body is covered in black fur. Feeds mainly on earthworms. Presence detected above ground by ‘molehills’ (spoil heaps of excavated soil). Adult has velvety fur and spade-like front feet, armed with sharp claws, and used for digging. Eyes are tiny and external ears are absent. Head is elongated into a sensitive snout. Mostly silent. Common in meadows and woods with well-drained, invertebrate-rich soil. Beneficial as a soil aerator.
    107302.jpg
  • BLADDER CAMPION Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) Height to 80cm. Upright perennial of dry grassland on well-drained soil; often on chalk. FLOWERS are white, drooping and 16-18mm across (Jun-Aug); petals are deeply divided and calyx is swollen to form a purple-veined bladder. FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green and oval; in opposite pairs. STATUS-Widespread but common only in S.
    153649.jpg
  • Monkey-puzzle (Chile Pine) Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, domed to conical tree with a tall cylindrical trunk. BARK Greyish, tough, heavily ridged and wrinkled, with numerous rings of old stem scars. BRANCHES Horizontal or slightly drooping, evenly distributed around trunk. LEAVES 3–5cm long, oval, bright glossy green and scale-like. Tip is triangular with a sharp brownish spine. Leaf base overlaps shoot and next leaf and leaves are arranged in a dense spiral on shoot. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones, up to 10cm long, in clusters at shoot-tips. Female cones rounded, up to 17cm long and green for first 2 years, growing on upper surface of shoots; large scales taper to a slender outwardly curved point, and conceal 4cm-long, edible brown seeds. Trees are either male or female. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Chile and Argentina, first brought to Europe in 1795. Now common as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Grows well in towns, but prefers well-drained soils.
    134778.jpg
  • Monkey-puzzle (Chile Pine) Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, domed to conical tree with a tall cylindrical trunk. BARK Greyish, tough, heavily ridged and wrinkled, with numerous rings of old stem scars. BRANCHES Horizontal or slightly drooping, evenly distributed around trunk. LEAVES 3–5cm long, oval, bright glossy green and scale-like. Tip is triangular with a sharp brownish spine. Leaf base overlaps shoot and next leaf and leaves are arranged in a dense spiral on shoot. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones, up to 10cm long, in clusters at shoot-tips. Female cones rounded, up to 17cm long and green for first 2 years, growing on upper surface of shoots; large scales taper to a slender outwardly curved point, and conceal 4cm-long, edible brown seeds. Trees are either male or female. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Chile and Argentina, first brought to Europe in 1795. Now common as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Grows well in towns, but prefers well-drained soils.
    132940.jpg
  • Mole Talpa europaea Length 14-18cm Burrowing, tunnel-dwelling mammal. Cylindrical body is covered in black fur. Feeds mainly on earthworms. Presence detected above ground by ‘molehills’ (spoil heaps of excavated soil). Adult has velvety fur and spade-like front feet, armed with sharp claws, and used for digging. Eyes are tiny and external ears are absent. Head is elongated into a sensitive snout. Mostly silent. Common in meadows and woods with well-drained, invertebrate-rich soil. Beneficial as a soil aerator.
    127546.jpg
  • Mole Talpa europaea Length 14-18cm Burrowing, tunnel-dwelling mammal. Cylindrical body is covered in black fur. Feeds mainly on earthworms. Presence detected above ground by ‘molehills’ (spoil heaps of excavated soil). Adult has velvety fur and spade-like front feet, armed with sharp claws, and used for digging. Eyes are tiny and external ears are absent. Head is elongated into a sensitive snout. Mostly silent. Common in meadows and woods with well-drained, invertebrate-rich soil. Beneficial as a soil aerator.
    128085.jpg
  • Monkey-puzzle (Chile Pine) Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Evergreen, domed to conical tree with a tall cylindrical trunk. BARK Greyish, tough, heavily ridged and wrinkled, with numerous rings of old stem scars. BRANCHES Horizontal or slightly drooping, evenly distributed around trunk. LEAVES 3–5cm long, oval, bright glossy green and scale-like. Tip is triangular with a sharp brownish spine. Leaf base overlaps shoot and next leaf and leaves are arranged in a dense spiral on shoot. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones, up to 10cm long, in clusters at shoot-tips. Female cones rounded, up to 17cm long and green for first 2 years, growing on upper surface of shoots; large scales taper to a slender outwardly curved point, and conceal 4cm-long, edible brown seeds. Trees are either male or female. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Chile and Argentina, first brought to Europe in 1795. Now common as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Grows well in towns, but prefers well-drained soils.
    135300.jpg
  • BITING STONECROP Sedum acre (Crassulaceae) Height to 10cm. Distinctive mat-forming perennial. Found on well-drained ground such as sand dunes and old walls. FLOWERS are star-shaped and 10-12mm across, with 5 bright yellow petals (May-Jul). FRUITS are dry and splitting. LEAVES are fleshy, crowded and pressed close to stem; taste hot. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    132152.jpg
  • Mole Talpa europaea Length 14-18cm Burrowing, tunnel-dwelling mammal. Cylindrical body is covered in black fur. Feeds mainly on earthworms. Presence detected above ground by ‘molehills’ (spoil heaps of excavated soil). Adult has velvety fur and spade-like front feet, armed with sharp claws, and used for digging. Eyes are tiny and external ears are absent. Head is elongated into a sensitive snout. Mostly silent. Common in meadows and woods with well-drained, invertebrate-rich soil. Beneficial as a soil aerator.
    127553.jpg