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  • BUTTERBUR Petasites hybridus (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Impressive, patch-forming perennial with creeping rhizomes. Grows in damp ground, often beside rivers and ditches. FLOWERS are borne in pinkish red heads with separate sex plants (male flower heads are 7-12mm across, females flower heads are 3-6mm across); carried on impressive and robust spikes, up to 40cm tall, (Mar-May), going over as the leaves appear. FRUITS are achenes. LEAVES are heart-shaped, up to 1m across, and most evident in summer. STATUS-Locally common throughout the region.
    153659.jpg
  • OPPOSITE-LEAVED PONDWEED Groenlandia densa (Potamogetonaceae) Aquatic. Submerged, freshwater perennial of ponds and ditches, as well as streams with a moderate flow. FLOWERS are small, petal-less and greenish; borne in small, submerged clusters (May-Sep). FRUITS comprise small clusters of achenes. LEAVES are narrow-ovate, pointed-tipped and borne in opposite pairs. STATUS-Locally common only in S.
    131865.jpg
  • GREATER DUCKWEED Spirodella polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) Aquatic. Surface-floating, freshwater perennial that grows in still or slow-flowing waters of canals, ditches and ponds. FLOWERS are minute and seldom seen. FRUITS are seldom seen. LEAVES are up to 10mm across, flat and rounded or ovate with several dangling roots. STATUS-Locally common, mainly in the S.
    131564.jpg
  • HEMLOCK WATER-DROPWORT Oenanthe crocata (Apiaceae) Height to 1.25m. Distinctive and highly poisonous perennial that sometimes forms sizeable clumps. The stems are hollow and grooved and the plant smells of Parsley. Found in damp meadows and ditches. FLOWERS are white and borne in domed umbels, 5-10cm across, with 10-40 rays and numerous bracts (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are cylindrical, with long styles. LEAVES are 2-4 times pinnately divided with toothed, tapering lobes. STATUS-Widespread but locally common only in S and W Britain; scarce in, or absent from, much of the N.
    128064.jpg
  • WATERCRESS Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Brassicaceae) Height to 15cm. Usually creeping perennial of shallow streams and ditches. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal heads (May-Oct). FRUITS are narrow pods, 16-18mm long, containing 2 rows of seeds. LEAVES are dark green and pinnately divided; persist through winter. STATUS-Widespread and common; widely cultivated in S England.
    134551.jpg
  • GIPSYWORT Lycopus europaeus (Lamiaceae) Height to 75cm<br />
Hairy, usually somewhat branched, and superficially mint-like perennial. Grows in damp ground and beside fresh water, favouring locations such as ditches and pond margins. FLOWERS are 5mm long and whitish with small, purplish spots; borne in compact whorls that arise from the axils of the upper leaves (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are yellowish green and deeply cut or pinnately divided into lobes. STATUS-Widespread and common in central and S England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
    132063.jpg
  • COMMON FLEABANE Pulicaria dysenterica (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm. Creeping perennial with upright, branched and woolly flowering stems. Grows in damp meadows and ditches on heavy soils. FLOWERS in heads, 15-30mm across, with spreading yellow ray florets and deeper yellow, central disc florets; arranged in open clusters (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are achenes with a hairy pappus. LEAVES are heart-shaped and clasping on the stem; basal leaves soon wither. STATUS-Common, except in Scotland.
    131861.jpg
  • COMMON FLEABANE Pulicaria dysenterica (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm. Creeping perennial with upright, branched and woolly flowering stems. Grows in damp meadows and ditches on heavy soils. FLOWERS in heads, 15-30mm across, with spreading yellow ray florets and deeper yellow, central disc florets; arranged in open clusters (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are achenes with a hairy pappus. LEAVES are heart-shaped and clasping on the stem; basal leaves soon wither. STATUS-Common, except in Scotland.
    131858.jpg
  • MARSH WOUNDWORT Stachys palustris (Lamiaceae) Height to 1m. Robust, non-smelling perennial with creeping stems and unbranched flowering stalks. Grows in damp ground in marshes, and beside ditches and rivers; occasionally found along the margins of damp arable field. FLOWERS are 12-15mm long and pinkish purple with white markings; borne in elegant, open spikes (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are toothed, narrow-oblong, often heart-shaped at the base and mostly unstalked. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region.
    131711.jpg
  • HEMLOCK WATER-DROPWORT Oenanthe crocata (Apiaceae) Height to 1.25m. Distinctive and highly poisonous perennial that sometimes forms sizeable clumps. The stems are hollow and grooved and the plant smells of Parsley. Found in damp meadows and ditches. FLOWERS are white and borne in domed umbels, 5-10cm across, with 10-40 rays and numerous bracts (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are cylindrical, with long styles. LEAVES are 2-4 times pinnately divided with toothed, tapering lobes. STATUS-Widespread but locally common only in S and W Britain; scarce in, or absent from, much of the N.
    130679.jpg
  • WATERCRESS Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Brassicaceae) Height to 15cm. Usually creeping perennial of shallow streams and ditches. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal heads (May-Oct). FRUITS are narrow pods, 16-18mm long, containing 2 rows of seeds. LEAVES are dark green and pinnately divided; persist through winter. STATUS-Widespread and common; widely cultivated in S England.
    134550.jpg
  • BUTTERBUR Petasites hybridus (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Impressive, patch-forming perennial with creeping rhizomes. Grows in damp ground, often beside rivers and ditches. FLOWERS are borne in pinkish red heads with separate sex plants (male flower heads are 7-12mm across, females flower heads are 3-6mm across); carried on impressive and robust spikes, up to 40cm tall, (Mar-May), going over as the leaves appear. FRUITS are achenes. LEAVES are heart-shaped, up to 1m across, and most evident in summer. STATUS-Locally common throughout the region.
    133494.jpg
  • WATER DOCK Rumex hydrolapathum (Polygonaceae) Height to 2m. Large, unbranched perennial, associated with damp habitats such as ditches, river banks, canals and marshes. FLOWERS are borne in tall, dense spikes (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are triangular, with few small teeth and 3 tubercles. LEAVES are oval, up to 1m long and taper at base. STATUS-Widespread but absent from N; commonest in S and E England.
    131931.jpg
  • COMMON MEADOW-RUE Thalictrum flavum (Ranunculaceae) Height to 1m. Upright perennial of damp meadows, ditches and fens; favours basic soils. FLOWERS have small petals that drop, but showy, yellow anthers; borne in dense clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are fern-like and pinnately divided 2 or 3 times into toothed lobes. STATUS-Widespread but local, common only in S and E.
    131457.jpg
  • FOOL’S WATERCRESS Apium nodiflorum (Apiaceae) Height to 20cm. Creeping perennial whose leaves bear a passing resemblance to Watercress. Could also be confused with Lesser Water Parsnip. Roots at nodes of lower stems; upright stems are hollow. Found in ditches and wet hollows. FLOWERS are white; borne in open umbels (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are egg-shaped and ridged. LEAVES are shiny and pinnate with oval, toothed leaflets STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    131291.jpg
  • WATERCRESS Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Brassicaceae) Height to 15cm. Usually creeping perennial of shallow streams and ditches. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal heads (May-Oct). FRUITS are narrow pods, 16-18mm long, containing 2 rows of seeds. LEAVES are dark green and pinnately divided; persist through winter. STATUS-Widespread and common; widely cultivated in S England.
    130987.jpg
  • WATERCRESS Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Brassicaceae) Height to 15cm. Usually creeping perennial of shallow streams and ditches. FLOWERS are 4-6mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal heads (May-Oct). FRUITS are narrow pods, 16-18mm long, containing 2 rows of seeds. LEAVES are dark green and pinnately divided; persist through winter. STATUS-Widespread and common; widely cultivated in S England.
    130986.jpg
  • COMMON COMFREY Symphytum officinale (Boraginaceae) Height to 1m. Roughly hairy perennial with strikingly winged stems. Grows in damp ground beside rivers and ditches. FLOWERS are 12-18mm long and tubular to bell-shaped; colour varies but usually white, pink or purple, and borne in curved clusters (May-Jun). FRUITS are shiny nutlets. LEAVES are oval and hairy, the upper ones clasping, and the stalk running down the main stem. STATUS-Widespread; common only in C and S England.
    130907.jpg
  • BRACKISH WATER-CROWFOOT Ranunculus baudotii (Ranunculaceae) Floating. Annual or perennial of brackish pools, ditches and channels near the coast. FLOWERS are 12-18mm across with 5 white petals (Apr-Aug). FRUITS are borne in rounded, long-stalked heads. LEAVES comprise deeply lobed floating leaves and thread-like submerged ones that do not collapse out of water. STATUS-Local around the coast.
    130162.jpg
  • BUTTERBUR Petasites hybridus (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Impressive, patch-forming perennial with creeping rhizomes. Grows in damp ground, often beside rivers and ditches. FLOWERS are borne in pinkish red heads with separate sex plants (male flower heads are 7-12mm across, females flower heads are 3-6mm across); carried on impressive and robust spikes, up to 40cm tall, (Mar-May), going over as the leaves appear. FRUITS are achenes. LEAVES are heart-shaped, up to 1m across, and most evident in summer. STATUS-Locally common throughout the region.
    144575.jpg
  • Ancient woodland boundary, Stoke Wood, Oxfordshire.
    161948.jpg
  • Ancient woodland boundary, Stoke Wood, Oxfordshire.
    161957.jpg
  • Ancient boundary bank, Stoke Wood, Oxfordshire.
    161935.jpg
  • Ancient woodland boundary, Stoke Wood, Oxfordshire
    161926.jpg
  • Common Fleabane - Pulicaria dysenterica
    161352.jpg
  • Common Meadow-rue - Thalictrum flavum
    159324.jpg
  • Butterbur - Petasites hybridus
    159197.jpg
  • Dyke showing water level, Sutton Fen RSPB Reserve, Norfolk UK
    156754.jpg
  • Ancient woodland boundary, Stoke Wood, Oxfordshire
    161958.jpg
  • Pollarded Oak on ancient woodland boundary, Stoke Wood, Oxfordshire.
    161947.jpg
  • Common Fleabane - Pulicaria dysenterica
    159396.jpg
  • Common Meadow-rue - Thalictrum flavum
    159281.jpg
  • Arctosa leopardus - female. A medium sized wolf spider inhabiting the ground layer in a wide range of damp habitats such as saltmarshes, ditch margins, and lowland bogs.
    157121.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    155727.jpg
  • SPIRAL TASSELWEED Ruppia sp. Aquatic. Submerged aquatic perennial with slender stems; 2 very similar species occur. Grow in brackish coastal pools and ditches. Flowers comprising 2 greenish stamens and no petals; in pairs, arranged in umbels on stalks that rise to the surface (July-Sept). Fruits swollen, asymmetrical, long-stalked. Leaves hair-like, 1-3mm wide. Status local and declining.
    132085.jpg
  • GIPSYWORT Lycopus europaeus (Lamiaceae) Height to 75cm<br />
Hairy, usually somewhat branched, and superficially mint-like perennial. Grows in damp ground and beside fresh water, favouring locations such as ditches and pond margins. FLOWERS are 5mm long and whitish with small, purplish spots; borne in compact whorls that arise from the axils of the upper leaves (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are yellowish green and deeply cut or pinnately divided into lobes. STATUS-Widespread and common in central and S England but scarce or absent elsewhere.
    131907.jpg
  • FAT DUCKWEED Lemna gibba (Lemnaceae). Aquatic. Floating, freshwater perennial of ponds and ditches. Flowers minute and seldom seen. Fruits seldom seen. Leaves swollen and spongy, 5-6mm across and 5-6mm deep. Status local.
    131531.jpg
  • BUTTERBUR Petasites hybridus (Asteraceae) Height to 50cm<br />
Impressive, patch-forming perennial with creeping rhizomes. Grows in damp ground, often beside rivers and ditches. FLOWERS are borne in pinkish red heads with separate sex plants (male flower heads are 7-12mm across, females flower heads are 3-6mm across); carried on impressive and robust spikes, up to 40cm tall, (Mar-May), going over as the leaves appear. FRUITS are achenes. LEAVES are heart-shaped, up to 1m across, and most evident in summer. STATUS-Locally common throughout the region.
    130580.jpg
  • FOOL’S WATERCRESS Apium nodiflorum (Apiaceae) Height to 20cm. Creeping perennial whose leaves bear a passing resemblance to Watercress. Could also be confused with Lesser Water Parsnip (pxxx). Roots at nodes of lower stems; upright stems are hollow. Found in ditches and wet hollows. FLOWERS are white; borne in open umbels (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are egg-shaped and ridged. LEAVES are shiny and pinnate with oval, toothed leaflets STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    130532.jpg
  • FROGBIT Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (Hydrocharitaceae) Aquatic. Floating perennial that grows in still waters of canals, ponds and ditches. FLOWERS are 2cm across, the 3 petals white with a yellow basal spot; on emergent stalks, male and female separate (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are 2-3cm across, floating and rounded or kidney-shaped.
    113037.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    139807.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    143753.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    139806.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    155728.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    155725.jpg
  • GREATER DUCKWEED Spirodella polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) Aquatic. Surface-floating, freshwater perennial that grows in still or slow-flowing waters of canals, ditches and ponds. FLOWERS are minute and seldom seen. FRUITS are seldom seen. LEAVES are up to 10mm across, flat and rounded or ovate with several dangling roots. STATUS-Locally common, mainly in the S.
    131509.jpg
  • FAT DUCKWEED Lemna gibba (Lemnaceae). Aquatic. Floating, freshwater perennial of ponds and ditches. Flowers minute and seldom seen. Fruits seldom seen. Leaves swollen and spongy, 5-6mm across and 5-6mm deep. Status local.
    131510.jpg
  • COMMON COMFREY Symphytum officinale (Boraginaceae) Height to 1m. Roughly hairy perennial with strikingly winged stems. Grows in damp ground beside rivers and ditches. FLOWERS are 12-18mm long and tubular to bell-shaped; colour varies but usually white, pink or purple, and borne in curved clusters (May-Jun). FRUITS are shiny nutlets. LEAVES are oval and hairy, the upper ones clasping, and the stalk running down the main stem. STATUS-Widespread; common only in C and S England.
    129915.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    133678.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    135924.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    136440.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    136439.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    143063.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    145484.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    145485.jpg
  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
    145486.jpg