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  • Raven - Corvus corax
    160631.jpg
  • Raven - Corvus corax
    160629.jpg
  • Raven - Corvus corax
    160632.jpg
  • Raven - Corvus corax
    160626.jpg
  • Raven - Corvus corax
    160627.jpg
  • Raven - Corvus corax
    160628.jpg
  • Raven - Corvus corax
    160630.jpg
  • Teal - Anas crecca - male
    160436.jpg
  • Snow Bunting - Plectrophenax nivalis
    160736.jpg
  • Beechwood at Little Gaddesden Hertfordshire in Snow
    160384.jpg
  • Ross's Goose - Anser rossii
    162280.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150984.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150983.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - female
    150980.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150971.jpg
  • Black-bellied Dipper - Cinlus cinlus cinclus
    157085.jpg
  • Adult<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    148935.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - Adult
    147402.jpg
  • Teal Anas crecca - Female. L 34-38cm. Our smallest duck. Forms flocks outside breeding season. Often nervous and flighty. In flight, both sexes show white-bordered green speculum. Sexes are otherwise dissimilar. Adult male has chestnut-orange head with yellow-bordered green patch through eye. Plumage is otherwise finely marked grey except for black-bordered yellow stern and horizontal white line along flanks. Bill is dark grey. In eclipse, resembles adult female. Adult female has mottled grey-brown plumage. Bill is grey with hint of yellow at base. Juvenile is similar to adult female but warmer buff. Voice Male utters a ringing whistle, female utters a soft quack. Status Associated with water. Nests in small numbers beside pools and bogs mainly in N. Locally common outside breeding season on freshwater marshes, estuaries and mudflats.
    155548.jpg
  • View across the water meadows in the Chilterns towards Hambleden Village, Buckinghamshire, Uk
    154611.jpg
  • Winter snow on the River Kennet at Padworth, Berkshire, Uk
    142200.jpg
  • Winter dawn at Avebury Stone Circle, Wiltshire, Uk
    154442.jpg
  • Mapledurham Weir on the River Thames, Berkshire, Uk
    154497.jpg
  • Winter dawn along the River Thames at Goring Weir, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154464.jpg
  • Greylag Goose Anser anser L 75-90cm. Largest Anser goose and only one that breeds in Britain. Feral populations confuse species’ wild status. Compared to other ‘grey’ geese, bulky and more uniformly grey-brown. Pink legs and heavy, pinkish orange bill help with identification. In flight, pale forewings, rump and tail contrast with darker flight feathers. Sexes are similar. Adult is greyish with dark lines on side of neck, barring on flanks and pale margins to back feathers. Bill is pale-tipped. Juvenile is more uniformly grey-brown than adult and bill lacks pale tip. Voice Utters loud, honking calls. Status Locally common resident, mainly in N. Wild migrants boost numbers in winter. Favours wetlands and reservoirs with adjacent grassland.
    153982.jpg
  • White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla W 190-240cm. Immense raptor with long, broad and parallel-sided wings, and by relatively short, wedge-shaped tail. Surprisingly manoeuvrable, despite it size, and catches fish and waterbirds while hunting low over water. Sexes are similar. Adult has mainly brown plumage, palest on head and neck. At rest, white tail is often obscured by wings. Bill and legs are yellow. In flight from below, looks mainly dark except for paler head and neck, and white tail. Juvenile is similar to adult but looks darker overall and tail is uniformly dark. Subadult acquires adult plumage over successive moults; last immature feature to disappear is dark terminal band on tail. Voice Utters mournful whistling calls. Status Formerly just a rare visitor from mainland Europe but now reintroduced successfully to certain Scottish islands.
    154207.jpg
  • Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    144444.jpg
  • Beech Fagus sylvatica Fagaceae Height to 40m. Imposing deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Smooth and grey. Branches Ascending. Buds reddish, to 2cm long, smooth and pointed. Leaves To 10cm long, oval, pointed, with wavy margin. Reproductive parts Male flowers pendent, clustered. Female flowers paired with brownish bracts. Fruits are shiny 3-sided nuts, to 1.8cm long, enclosed in a prickly case. Status Common native in S England; widely planted elsewhere.
    144425.jpg
  • SNOWDROP Galanthus nivalis (Liliaceae) Height to 25cm<br />
Familiar spring perennial that grows in damp woodland. FLOWERS are 15-25cm long and nodding, the 3 outer segments pure white, the inner 3 white with a green patch; solitary and nodding (Jan-Mar). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are grey-green, narrow and all basal. STATUS-Possibly native in S Britain but widely naturalised.
    144595.jpg
  • Chinese Water Deer Hydropotes inermis Shoulder height 55-60cm Small, secretive deer. Adult is reddish buff in summer, greyish brown in winter. Black nose contrasts with otherwise white muzzle. Beady black eyes have white surround. Ears are large and antlers are absent in both sexes. With age, the upper canines develop into projecting tusks; longer in male than female. Fawn is reddish brown with white spots. Barks and screams in alarm. Males have a whistling call during rut. Escaped from Whipsnade Zoo early in 20th Century. Feral British populations now found from Buckinghamshire to East Anglia. Favours marsh habitats including fens and reedbeds.
    104336.jpg
  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
    144255.jpg
  • Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Shoulder height 0.9-1.2m Long-legged deer. Feeds on low-growing plants, including mosses and lichens. Both sexes have antlers – used to clear snow in winter for feeding. Adult is grey-brown; coat is thickest in winter. Male (bull) is thickset with asymmetrical, palmate antlers from early spring to mid-winter. Female (cow) has shorter antlers that lack palmations; shed in May. Calf is greyish brown. Utters grunting sounds. Formerly native to Britain but extinct by 12th Century. Domesticated animals introduced from Scandinavia now roam Cairngorms.
    144385.jpg
  • Robin Erithacus rubecula L 13-14cm. Distinctive bird. Garden-dwellers are bold and inquisitive. Sexes are similar. Adult has orange-red face, throat and breast, bordered by blue-grey on sides but with sharp demarcation from white belly. Upperparts are buffish brown with faint buff wingbar. Juvenile has brown upperparts, marked with buff spots and teardrop-shaped streaks; pale buff underparts have darker spots and crescent-shaped markings. Voice Song is plaintive and melancholy. Alarm call is a sharp tic. Status Widespread resident, commonest in S. Observation tips Easiest to find in gardens and parks.
    113045.jpg
  • Redwing Turdus iliacus Length 20-22cm. Small, well-marked thrush. Forms flocks in winter and mixes with Fieldfare. Sexes are similar. Adult has grey-brown upperparts; pale underparts are dark-spotted and flushed with orange-red on flanks and underwings. Has white stripes above eye and below cheeks. Juvenile is similar but has pale spots on upperparts and subdued colours on flanks. Voice Utters a thin, high-pitched tseerp in flight; often heard on autumn nights from migrating flocks. Song (seldom heard here) comprises short bursts of whistling and fluty phrases. Status Common winter visitor to farmland and open, lightly wooded countryside. A few pairs breed here each year, mainly in NW.
    133437.jpg
  • Fieldfare Turdus pilaris L 24-26cm. A large and plump thrush. Associates with Redwing in winter flocks. Sexes are similar. Adult has blue-grey head, chestnut back and pale supercilium. Breast and flanks are flushed orange-yellow and heavily spotted; underparts are otherwise whitish. In flight, note pale grey rump and white underwings. Juvenile is similar but note pale spots on wing coverts. Voice Utters a harsh chack-chack-chack call; night-migrating flocks sometimes be detected by these calls. Song (seldom heard here) comprises short bursts of fluty phrases. Status Common winter to farmland and open country. A few pairs breed each year, mainly in N.
    143910.jpg
  • Teal Anas crecca L 34-38cm<br />
Use pics 104536 male; 128883 female; 135912 male flight;<br />
Our smallest duck. Forms flocks outside breeding season. Often nervous and flighty. In flight, both sexes show white-bordered green speculum. Sexes are otherwise dissimilar. Adult male has chestnut-orange head with yellow-bordered green patch through eye. Plumage is otherwise finely marked grey except for black-bordered yellow stern and horizontal white line along flanks. Bill is dark grey.  In eclipse, resembles adult female. Adult female has mottled grey-brown plumage. Bill is grey with hint of yellow at base. Juvenile is similar to adult female but warmer buff. Voice Male utters a ringing whistle, female utters a soft quack. Status Associated with water. Nests in small numbers beside pools and bogs mainly in N. Locally common outside breeding season on freshwater marshes, estuaries and mudflats.
    145453.jpg
  • Woodcock Scolopax rusticola L 35-38cm. Dumpy, long-billed wader with short legs and cryptic plumage. Mainly nocturnal. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have marbled chestnut, black and white plumage, palest and more extensively barred on underparts. Note large eyes, located high on head, giving bird almost complete all-round vision. Voice Male utters soft duck-like calls and explosive squeaks at dusk. Status Associated with wooded habitats; both mixed and deciduous woodland is favoured. Needs mosaic of open areas and dense canopy cover in breeding season. Migrants from as far as Russia boost winter numbers and then very locally common. Sadly many are shot. Observation tips Easiest to detect in spring: visit likely looking woodland at dusk and watch and listen for roding birds. Prolonged close views are tricky because bird is so difficult to spot.
    145942.jpg
  • Redwing - Turdus iliacus
    162990.jpg
  • White-fronted Goose - Anser albifrons
    162279.jpg
  • Teal - Anas crecca - female
    160437.jpg
  • Black-billed Magpie - Pica hudsonia
    158053.jpg
  • Common Raven - Corvus corax
    158050.jpg
  • Common Raven - Corvus corax
    158051.jpg
  • Black-billed Magpie - Pica hudsonia.
    158052.jpg
  • Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus L 11-12cm. Familiar garden and woodland bird. Sexes are similar. Adult has greenish back, blue wings and yellow underparts. Mainly white head is demarcated by dark blue collar, connecting to dark eyestripe and dark bib; cap is blue. Bill is short and stubby and legs are bluish. Male is brighter than female. Juvenile is similar but colours are subdued. Voice Call is chattering tser err-err-err. Song contains whistling and trilling elements. Status Common resident of deciduous woodland, parks and gardens.
    157698.jpg
  • Woodcock - Scolopax rusticola. L 35-38cm. Dumpy, long-billed wader with short legs and cryptic plumage. Mainly nocturnal. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have marbled chestnut, black and white plumage, palest and more extensively barred on underparts. Note large eyes, located high on head, giving bird almost complete all-round vision. Voice Male utters soft duck-like calls and explosive squeaks at dusk. Status Associated with wooded habitats; both mixed and deciduous woodland is favoured. Needs mosaic of open areas and dense canopy cover in breeding season. Migrants from as far as Russia boost winter numbers and then very locally common. Sadly many are shot. Observation tips Easiest to detect in spring: visit likely looking woodland at dusk and watch and listen for roding birds. Prolonged close views are tricky because bird is so difficult to spot.
    157685.jpg
  • Adult male<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    150986.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - female
    150985.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150982.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150981.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - female
    150979.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150978.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - female
    150977.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - female
    150976.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150974.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150975.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150973.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150972.jpg
  • Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - male
    150970.jpg
  • Grey Partridge - Perdix perdix L 29-31cm. Well-marked gamebird. Usually seen in small parties. Hunted and consequently wary; prefers to run from danger. Sexes are separable with care. Adult male has mainly grey, finely marked plumage with orange-buff face, large chestnut mark on belly, maroon stripes on flanks and streaked back. Adult female is similar but marking on belly is small. Juvenile is grey-buff with hint of adult’s dark markings. Voice Utters a choked, harsh kierr-ikk call. Status Native of grassland and arable farmland with mature hedgerows. Once abundant, now scarce due to modern farming methods. Observation tips Easiest to see in winter.
    157192.jpg
  • Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch - Leucosticte tephrocotis
    148888.jpg
  • Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch - Leucosticte tephrocotis
    148889.jpg
  • Adult<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    148931.jpg
  • Adult<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    148932.jpg
  • Adult<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    148934.jpg
  • Adult<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    148933.jpg
  • Adult<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    148936.jpg
  • Adult<br />
St. Louis Co., MN<br />
January 2005
    148937.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156679.jpg
  • Lapwing Vanellus vanellus L 30cm. Pied-looking wader with a spiky crest. Has rounded, black and white wings and distinctive call. Sexes are separable in summer. Adult male in summer has green- and purple-sheened dark upperparts; underparts are white except for orange vent and black foreneck. Note black and white markings on throat. Adult female in summer has less distinct black neck markings and shorter crest. Winter adult is similar to summer female but throat and foreneck are white, and back feathers have buffish fringes. Juvenile is similar to winter adult but crest is short and back looks scaly. Voice Utters a choked pee-wit call. Status Fairly common nesting species of undisturbed grazed grassland, moors and arable farmland; numbers have declined seriously. Migrants from Europe boost numbers in winter.
    156648.jpg
  • Windsor Castle and the River Thames at sunset, Berkshire, Uk
    156256.jpg
  • Eton and Eton Bridge over the River Thames at dawn on a winter's morning, Berkshire, Uk
    156257.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - Adult female non-breeding
    147391.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - Adult male
    147392.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - Adult male
    147393.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - Adult male
    147394.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - Adult male
    147395.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - 1st winter female
    147404.jpg
  • Brown-capped Rosy Finch - Leucosticte australis - Adult female non-breeding
    147403.jpg
  • Black Rosy-finch - Leucosticte atrata - male
    146566.jpg
  • Black Rosy-finch - Leucosticte atrata - male non-breeding
    146567.jpg
  • Black Rosy-finch - Leucosticte atrata - male non-breeding
    146568.jpg
  • Black Rosy-finch - Leucosticte atrata
    146572.jpg
  • Fieldfare Turdus pilaris L 24-26cm. A large and plump thrush. Associates with Redwing in winter flocks. Sexes are similar. Adult has blue-grey head, chestnut back and pale supercilium. Breast and flanks are flushed orange-yellow and heavily spotted; underparts are otherwise whitish. In flight, note pale grey rump and white underwings. Juvenile is similar but note pale spots on wing coverts. Voice Utters a harsh chack-chack-chack call; night-migrating flocks sometimes be detected by these calls. Song (seldom heard here) comprises short bursts of fluty phrases. Status Common winter to farmland and open country. A few pairs breed each year, mainly in N.
    155654.jpg
  • Snow Bunting - Plectrophenax nivalis - 1st winter. L 16-17cm. Confiding, plump-bodied bunting. All birds have extensive white on inner wing, rump and tail. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male in summer has mainly white plumage with blackish back, black on wings, and black bill and legs. Adult female in summer is similar but back is brownish and has brown and buff streaking on head, neck and sides of breast. Winter birds have mainly white underparts and buffish orange upperparts. Adult males are whitest on wings, face and underparts. Bill is yellowish and legs are black. Voice Has tinkling flight call. Song is twittering. Status Small numbers breed in Scottish mountains but best known as winter visitor, commonest on E coast; saltmarshes, coastal grassland and beach strandlines are favoured.
    155060.jpg
  • Sunset over the River Thames near Bourne End, Buckinghamshire, UK
    154855.jpg
  • Panorama of Walbury Hill from Coombe Gibbet, Inkpen near Newbury, Berkshire, Uk
    154550.jpg
  • View across the water meadows in the Chilterns towards Hambleden Village, Buckinghamshire, Uk
    154612.jpg
  • Coldharbour Moor, Peak District, UK
    109182.jpg
  • Deciduous Woodland in Winter
    129483.jpg
  • Deciduous Woodland in Winter
    129484.jpg
  • Larch Wood in Winter - Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
 Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    129490.jpg
  • Farmland in Winter
    129499.jpg
  • Flooded Gravel Pit in Winter
    129500.jpg
  • Tundra, Iceland
    129547.jpg
  • Tundra, Snaefellsnes, Iceland
    129548.jpg
  • HOAR FROST ON LEAVES
    132634.jpg
  • HOAR FROST ON LEAVES
    132636.jpg
  • WINTER LANDSCAPE
    133164.jpg
  • WINTER LANDSCAPE
    133165.jpg
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