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  • Roble Nothofagus obliqua (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
More delicate in appearance than Rauli. BARK Silvery grey with curling plates. BRANCHES Slender, ascending branches and pendent shoots on upper crown. Has finer twigs than Rauli; these branch in a regular, alternate pattern. LEAVES 7–11 pairs of veins (compared with Rauli’s 15–22) and a wavy margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers grow in leaf axils and fruits are 4-lobed hairy capsules. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chile and W Argentina; grown here for ornament, occasionally for timber.
    132765.jpg
  • Rotting branch of silver birch tree in forest in Boat of Garten, Cairngorms National Park, Scottish Highlands, Uk
    145496.jpg
  • Rotting branch of silver birch tree in forest in Boat of Garten, Cairngorms National Park, Scottish Highlands, Uk
    145495.jpg
  • Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva L 11-12cm. Charming little bird. Often unobtrusive but more obvious when flycatching from exposed branch. All birds have diagnostic white sides to otherwise black tail. Sexes are dissimilar.<br />
Adult male has brown back, blue-grey face, an orange-red throat and upper breast, and whitish underparts; note whitish eyering. Adult female has brown upperparts and whitish underparts, smudged buffish on sides of breast. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but throat and breast are buffish and has pale tips to wing coverts. Voice Utters a rattling, Wren-like call. Status Scarce passage migrant, mostly in autumn and in 1st winter plumage.
    136916.jpg
  • Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva L 11-12cm. Charming little bird. Often unobtrusive but more obvious when flycatching from exposed branch. All birds have diagnostic white sides to otherwise black tail. Sexes are dissimilar.<br />
Adult male has brown back, blue-grey face, an orange-red throat and upper breast, and whitish underparts; note whitish eyering. Adult female has brown upperparts and whitish underparts, smudged buffish on sides of breast. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but throat and breast are buffish and has pale tips to wing coverts. Voice Utters a rattling, Wren-like call. Status Scarce passage migrant, mostly in autumn and in 1st winter plumage.
    136917.jpg
  • Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva L 11-12cm. Charming little bird. Often unobtrusive but more obvious when flycatching from exposed branch. All birds have diagnostic white sides to otherwise black tail. Sexes are dissimilar.<br />
Adult male has brown back, blue-grey face, an orange-red throat and upper breast, and whitish underparts; note whitish eyering. Adult female has brown upperparts and whitish underparts, smudged buffish on sides of breast. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but throat and breast are buffish and has pale tips to wing coverts. Voice Utters a rattling, Wren-like call. Status Scarce passage migrant, mostly in autumn and in 1st winter plumage.
    136918.jpg
  • "Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva L 11-12cm. Charming little bird. Often unobtrusive but more obvious when flycatching from exposed branch. All birds have diagnostic white sides to otherwise black tail. Sexes are dissimilar.<br />
Adult male has brown back, blue-grey face, an orange-red throat and upper breast, and whitish underparts; note whitish eyering. Adult female has brown upperparts and whitish underparts, smudged buffish on sides of breast. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but throat and breast are buffish and has pale tips to wing coverts. Voice Utters a rattling, Wren-like call. Status Scarce passage migrant, mostly in autumn and in 1st winter plumage. "
    144767.jpg
  • Wellingtonia (Giant Sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 50m. An outstandingly large evergreen. Forms a striking, narrowly conical tree with a huge tapering bole, ridged and fluted at the base. BARK Thick, spongy and rich-red. BRANCHES lower branches are pendulous, but the upper branches are more level. LEAVES Scale-like, green and up to 1cm long; they clasp the shoots, and smell of aniseed when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The small yellow male cones can be abundant and grow at the tips of the shoots, releasing their pollen in spring. Female cones are solitary, sometimes paired, and ovoid, up to 8cm long and 5cm in diameter when ripe, with a deep brown colour and a corky texture. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the Sierra Nevada in California. First discovered in 1852, it was soon introduced into Britain, where it thrives best in the west.
    121358.jpg
  • Chilean Plum Yew Prumnopitys andina (Podocarpus andinus) (Podocarpaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles a yew, but unrelated. Grows either with a single upright bole and horizontal branches, or sometimes with several boles and more upright branches. BARK Dark grey and smooth with occasional scars and ridges. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like and up to 2.5cm long; deep bluish-green on upper surface with 2 pale bands on underside. Leaves are much softer than true yew leaves, except in young trees when they are more leathery and bear small spines. Borne in dense shoots, either arranged in 2 ranks on either side of the shoot or spread all round it. FLOWERS Male catkins are yellow and borne in branched clusters near the ends of shoots. Female flowers are greenish and produced in small spikes at the tips of the shoots. The flowers occur on different-sex plants, opening in the spring. FRUITS resemble small green plums at first, containing a single seed, and may ripen to become blackened and covered with a fine bloom like sloes. <br />
STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Argentina and Chile.
    134653.jpg
  • Chilean Plum Yew Prumnopitys andina (Podocarpus andinus) (Podocarpaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles a yew, but unrelated. Grows either with a single upright bole and horizontal branches, or sometimes with several boles and more upright branches. BARK Dark grey and smooth with occasional scars and ridges. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like and up to 2.5cm long; deep bluish-green on upper surface with 2 pale bands on underside. Leaves are much softer than true yew leaves, except in young trees when they are more leathery and bear small spines. Borne in dense shoots, either arranged in 2 ranks on either side of the shoot or spread all round it. FLOWERS Male catkins are yellow and borne in branched clusters near the ends of shoots. Female flowers are greenish and produced in small spikes at the tips of the shoots. The flowers occur on different-sex plants, opening in the spring. FRUITS resemble small green plums at first, containing a single seed, and may ripen to become blackened and covered with a fine bloom like sloes. <br />
STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Argentina and Chile.
    132466.jpg
  • Chilean Plum Yew Prumnopitys andina (Podocarpus andinus) (Podocarpaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles a yew, but unrelated. Grows either with a single upright bole and horizontal branches, or sometimes with several boles and more upright branches. BARK Dark grey and smooth with occasional scars and ridges. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like and up to 2.5cm long; deep bluish-green on upper surface with 2 pale bands on underside. Leaves are much softer than true yew leaves, except in young trees when they are more leathery and bear small spines. Borne in dense shoots, either arranged in 2 ranks on either side of the shoot or spread all round it. FLOWERS Male catkins are yellow and borne in branched clusters near the ends of shoots. Female flowers are greenish and produced in small spikes at the tips of the shoots. The flowers occur on different-sex plants, opening in the spring. FRUITS resemble small green plums at first, containing a single seed, and may ripen to become blackened and covered with a fine bloom like sloes. <br />
STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Argentina and Chile.
    132465.jpg
  • Chilean Plum Yew Prumnopitys andina (Podocarpus andinus) (Podocarpaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles a yew, but unrelated. Grows either with a single upright bole and horizontal branches, or sometimes with several boles and more upright branches. BARK Dark grey and smooth with occasional scars and ridges. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like and up to 2.5cm long; deep bluish-green on upper surface with 2 pale bands on underside. Leaves are much softer than true yew leaves, except in young trees when they are more leathery and bear small spines. Borne in dense shoots, either arranged in 2 ranks on either side of the shoot or spread all round it. FLOWERS Male catkins are yellow and borne in branched clusters near the ends of shoots. Female flowers are greenish and produced in small spikes at the tips of the shoots. The flowers occur on different-sex plants, opening in the spring. FRUITS resemble small green plums at first, containing a single seed, and may ripen to become blackened and covered with a fine bloom like sloes. <br />
STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Argentina and Chile.
    132464.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    144515.jpg
  • Snowbell Tree Styrax japonica (Styracaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Spreading deciduous tree or large shrub. BARK Smooth, dark greyish-brown, fissured with age. BRANCHES Mostly ascending with zigzag slender shoots and purple-tinged buds. LEAVES Elliptical to ovate, to 10cm long with narrow bases, pointed tips, and finely toothed margin; deep glossy green above, turning yellow or red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS White, lightly scented, 5-petalled flowers, to 1.5cm long, hang singly or in small clusters from branches; open in midsummer. Fruit is an egg-shaped berry, to 1.5cm long. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E Asia, planted here for ornament.
    132541.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    132500.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    132499.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    132498.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    103418.jpg
  • Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa Fagaceae Height to 35m <br />
Deciduous tree with fine bole. Bark Silvery and smooth at first, spirally fissured and grooved with age. Branches Lowest branches spreading, upper ones ascending. Leaves Glossy, to 25cm long, lanceolate and toothed. Reproductive parts Male catkins creamy and pendulous. Female flowers green and erect, at base of male catkins; spiny green fruits contain 3 brown nuts. Status Native of mainland Europe, planted here since Roman times.
    144514.jpg
  • Beech In Autumn, Savernake Forest, Wiltshire. Beech Fagus sylvatica Fagaceae Height to 40m. Imposing deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Smooth and grey. Branches Ascending. Buds reddish, to 2cm long, smooth and pointed. Leaves To 10cm long, oval, pointed, with wavy margin. Reproductive parts Male flowers pendent, clustered. Female flowers paired with brownish bracts. Fruits are shiny 3-sided nuts, to 1.8cm long, enclosed in a prickly case. Status Common native in S England; widely planted elsewhere.
    144741.jpg
  • Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    144444.jpg
  • Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m<br />
Rather slender, domed tree. BARK Dark greyish-brown, smooth in young trees, ridged with maturity. BRANCHES Slender and spreading. LEAVES 15cm-long, even more deeply lobed than Pin Oak but less strongly bristle-tipped. In summer, leaves are glossy green above and paler below with small hair-tufts in vein axils below. Turn brilliant red in autumn, especially in cultivar Q. coccinea ‘Splendens’. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Acorns, to 2.5cm long, are rounded, half-enclosed in a slightly glossy cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America. Planted here for its brilliant autumn colours.
    135434.jpg
  • Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m<br />
Rather slender, domed tree. BARK Dark greyish-brown, smooth in young trees, ridged with maturity. BRANCHES Slender and spreading. LEAVES 15cm-long, even more deeply lobed than Pin Oak but less strongly bristle-tipped. In summer, leaves are glossy green above and paler below with small hair-tufts in vein axils below. Turn brilliant red in autumn, especially in cultivar Q. coccinea ‘Splendens’. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Acorns, to 2.5cm long, are rounded, half-enclosed in a slightly glossy cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America. Planted here for its brilliant autumn colours.
    132548.jpg
  • Monterey Pine Pinus radiata (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 45m <br />
Large, variable pine, slender and conical when growing vigorously, becoming more domed and flat-topped on a long bole with age. BARK Fissured and grey, blackening with age. BRANCHES Main ones sometimes hang low enough to touch ground. LEAVES Bright-green needles in bunches of 3; each needle is thin and straight, to 15cm long, with a finely toothed margin and harp-pointed tip. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers grow in dense clusters near ends of twigs, releasing pollen in spring. Female cones grow in clusters of 3–5 around tips of shoots, ripening to large, solid woody cones, to 15cm long and 9cm across, with a characteristic asymmetrical shape. Cone scales are thick and woody with rounded outer edges, and conceal black, winged seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBTUION Native to a small area around Monterey, California, Guadalupe Island and Baja California, Mexico. Widely planted here in mild areas as a shelter-belt tree or for ornament, growing well next to the sea.
    130367.jpg
  • Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    129490.jpg
  • Crack-willow Salix fragilis Salicaceae Height to 25m<br />
Large, domed tree with a thick bole. Bark Grey-brown with criss-crossed ridges. Branches Basal. Shoots Reddish, brightest in spring. Leaves Long, glossy, with toothed margins. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow and pendulous; female catkins green and pendulous; on separate trees. Status Common in damp habitats.
    119546.jpg
  • Crack-willow - Salix fragilis Salicaceae Height to 25m<br />
Large, domed tree with a thick bole. Bark Grey-brown with criss-crossed ridges. Branches Basal. Shoots Reddish, brightest in spring. Leaves Long, glossy, with toothed margins. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow and pendulous; female catkins green and pendulous; on separate trees. Status Common in damp habitats.
    157436.jpg
  • Larch Wood in Winter - Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
 Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    129490.jpg
  • Beech In Autumn, Savernake Forest, Wiltshire. Beech Fagus sylvatica Fagaceae Height to 40m. Imposing deciduous tree with domed crown. Bark Smooth and grey. Branches Ascending. Buds reddish, to 2cm long, smooth and pointed. Leaves To 10cm long, oval, pointed, with wavy margin. Reproductive parts Male flowers pendent, clustered. Female flowers paired with brownish bracts. Fruits are shiny 3-sided nuts, to 1.8cm long, enclosed in a prickly case. Status Common native in S England; widely planted elsewhere.
    144740.jpg
  • Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    144443.jpg
  • Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    144442.jpg
  • Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae Height to 35m<br />
Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    144441.jpg
  • Common Larch Larix decidua Pinaceae. Female flowers.  Height to 35m. Deciduous, conical conifer. Foliage turns golden before needles fall in autumn. Bark Greyish-brown, fissured with age. Branches Mostly horizontal. Needles To 3cm long, in bunches of up to 40. Reproductive parts Male flowers are yellow cones. Female cones are red in spring, maturing brown and woody. Status Native of central Europe, planted here for timber and ornament.
    144439.jpg
  • Downy Birch Betula pubescens Betulaceae Height to 25m<br />
Elegant tree. Bark Reddish in young trees; thick and grey with age, does not break into rectangular plates at base. Branches Denser and more untidy than Silver Birch, mostly erect, never pendulous. Twigs with downy white hairs in spring. Leaves Rounded at base, evenly toothed; hairy petiole. Reproductive parts Catkins similar to Silver Birch but seeds have smaller wings. Status Commonest in west and north.
    135235.jpg
  • London Plane Platanus x hispanica Platanaceae Height to 44m. Deciduous tree with tall trunk and spreading crown. Bark Grey-brown, flaking in patches. Branches Tangled and twisted. Leaves To 24cm long, 5-lobed, palmate. Reproductive parts Flowers rounded, in clusters. Greenish, spherical fruits have spiky hairs. Status Widely planted hybrid in towns and cities.
    135232.jpg
  • Western Himalayan (Bhutan) Cypress Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 27m <br />
Ovoid crown recalls C. glabra but tree has more open habit. Slender green shoots smell of new-mown grass when crushed. BARK Spirally ridged in older trees. BRANCHES Raised, with descending sprays of looser foliage. LEAVES Tiny, scale-like and unmarked, with minute, incurved points. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones are less than 15mm across, each scale with a rounded knob. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W Himalayas, grown in a few old, British gardens. COMMENTS Slow-growing.
    132996.jpg
  • Japanese Red Pine Pinus densiflora (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 15m Young trees are the most attractive, with a neat conical shape. Older trees are less shapely and have a flatter, twiggier crown. BARK Distinctly red and flaky. BRANCHES Usually drooping with bright green shoots showing clearly between the rather sparse foliage. LEAVES Slender, 8-12cm long and shiny green. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Pointed cones and reddish, to 5cm long. Flowers and cones are produced on quite young trees. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of China, Japan and Korea, occasionally planted here.
    132797.jpg
  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
    132605.jpg
  • Bhutan Pine Pinus wallichiana (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 35m  <br />
Narrowly columnar, becoming shapeless with age. BARK Greyish brown and resinous. BRANCHES Lower ones spreading, upper ones ascending. LEAVES Needles, to 20cm long and 7mm wide, supple with finely toothed margin. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones long, cylindrical, to 25cm long, growing below shoot, light-brown and resinous. Cone scales wedge-shaped and grooved, thickened at tip. Basal scales are sometimes reflexed. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Himalayas, planted here for ornament.
    132454.jpg
  • Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m<br />
Rather slender, domed tree. BARK Dark greyish-brown, smooth in young trees, ridged with maturity. BRANCHES Slender and spreading. LEAVES 15cm-long, even more deeply lobed than Pin Oak but less strongly bristle-tipped. In summer, leaves are glossy green above and paler below with small hair-tufts in vein axils below. Turn brilliant red in autumn, especially in cultivar Q. coccinea ‘Splendens’. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Acorns, to 2.5cm long, are rounded, half-enclosed in a slightly glossy cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America. Planted here for its brilliant autumn colours.
    120956.jpg
  • Brewer’s (Weeping) Spruce Picea breweriana (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Markedly conical evergreen with a slender bole. BARK Grey-purple scaly bark. BRANCHES With pale brownish or pink, downy twigs. Note the striking ‘weeping’ habit of shoots along branches. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like, and sharply pointed to 3cm long, green above with white bands below; grow all round shoot and often curve forwards. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are large for a spruce, to 2cm across, and reddish; female cones are pendent, cylindrical, to 12cm long, starting purplish but ripening brown. Overlapping scales have blunt, rounded tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W USA. Popularly planted in our region and graceful in maturity.
    132783.jpg
  • Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos (Fabaceae) HEIGHT to 45m <br />
Tall deciduous tree with a high, domed crown; bole, branches and twigs are spiny. BARK Greyish purple. BRANCHES Mainly level, with curled twigs. LEAVES Alternate, either pinnate, with up to 18 pairs of 2–3cm-long leaflets, or bipinnate, with up to 14 leaflets no more than 2cm long. Leaf axes end in spines. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Tiny flowers open in June, are no more than 3mm long, may be male, female or both, and grow in compact clusters in leaf axils; greenish-white oval petals number from 3 to 5. Flattened pods with thickened edges, to 45cm long, are twisted or curved and become dark brown when ripe. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mississippi basin of N America, planted here for ornament.
    132305.jpg
  • Brewer’s (Weeping) Spruce Picea breweriana (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Markedly conical evergreen with a slender bole. BARK Grey-purple scaly bark. BRANCHES With pale brownish or pink, downy twigs. Note the striking ‘weeping’ habit of shoots along branches. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like, and sharply pointed to 3cm long, green above with white bands below; grow all round shoot and often curve forwards. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are large for a spruce, to 2cm across, and reddish; female cones are pendent, cylindrical, to 12cm long, starting purplish but ripening brown. Overlapping scales have blunt, rounded tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to W USA. Popularly planted in our region and graceful in maturity.
    132860.jpg
  • Bee-eater Merops apiaster L 26-29cm.Stunning bird that catches insects in flight. Sometimes perches on dead branches. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut crown and nape, grading to yellow on back and rump; uppertail is green and note 2 projecting central tail feathers. Underparts are blue except for black-bordered yellow throat. In flight, wings are chestnut and blue above. Juvenile is duller and lacks tail projections. Voice Utters a bubbling pruuupp call. Status Has bred here but best known as a rare migrant visitor in spring and autumn.
    156815.jpg
  • Common Walnut - Juglans regia. Juglandaceae Height to 30m <br />
Spreading, domed tree. Bark Brown at first, grey and fissured with age. Branches Lowest ones spreading; twisted twigs bear purple-brown buds. Leaves Compound, with 7–9 leaflets, to 15cm long; thick and leathery. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow, to 15cm long; female flowers small, greenish. Fruits green, rounded, to 5cm across, encasing edible Walnut seed. Status Cultivated since Roman times.
    157503.jpg
  • Bee-eater - Merops apiaster L 26-29cm.Stunning bird that catches insects in flight. Sometimes perches on dead branches. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut crown and nape, grading to yellow on back and rump; uppertail is green and note 2 projecting central tail feathers. Underparts are blue except for black-bordered yellow throat. In flight, wings are chestnut and blue above. Juvenile is duller and lacks tail projections. Voice Utters a bubbling pruuupp call. Status Has bred here but best known as a rare migrant visitor in spring and autumn.
    156813.jpg
  • Bee-eater Merops apiaster L 26-29cm.Stunning bird that catches insects in flight. Sometimes perches on dead branches. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut crown and nape, grading to yellow on back and rump; uppertail is green and note 2 projecting central tail feathers. Underparts are blue except for black-bordered yellow throat. In flight, wings are chestnut and blue above. Juvenile is duller and lacks tail projections. Voice Utters a bubbling pruuupp call. Status Has bred here but best known as a rare migrant visitor in spring and autumn.
    156814.jpg
  • Bee-eater Merops apiaster L 26-29cm.Stunning bird that catches insects in flight. Sometimes perches on dead branches. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut crown and nape, grading to yellow on back and rump; uppertail is green and note 2 projecting central tail feathers. Underparts are blue except for black-bordered yellow throat. In flight, wings are chestnut and blue above. Juvenile is duller and lacks tail projections. Voice Utters a bubbling pruuupp call. Status Has bred here but best known as a rare migrant visitor in spring and autumn.
    156816.jpg
  • Bee-eater Merops apiaster L 26-29cm.Stunning bird that catches insects in flight. Sometimes perches on dead branches. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut crown and nape, grading to yellow on back and rump; uppertail is green and note 2 projecting central tail feathers. Underparts are blue except for black-bordered yellow throat. In flight, wings are chestnut and blue above. Juvenile is duller and lacks tail projections. Voice Utters a bubbling pruuupp call. Status Has bred here but best known as a rare migrant visitor in spring and autumn.
    156817.jpg
  • Bee-eater Merops apiaster L 26-29cm.Stunning bird that catches insects in flight. Sometimes perches on dead branches. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut crown and nape, grading to yellow on back and rump; uppertail is green and note 2 projecting central tail feathers. Underparts are blue except for black-bordered yellow throat. In flight, wings are chestnut and blue above. Juvenile is duller and lacks tail projections. Voice Utters a bubbling pruuupp call. Status Has bred here but best known as a rare migrant visitor in spring and autumn.
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  • Engelmann’s Spruce Picea engelmannii (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Slender, conical evergreen. Trunk thin and narrowly tapering. BARK Greyish pink and scaly. BRANCHES Ascending and turning upwards at tips, with pendulous young shoots. LEAVES Pointed, 4-angled, bluish-green needles, to 2.5cm long, spread to reveal twig’s lower surface but hide upper surface; smell is unpleasant when crushed. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Narrowly oval cones, tapering to a point, to 7cm long, ripening brownish, with squarish toothed scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Rocky Mountains in N America. Planted here, but scarce.
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  • Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Rosaceae Height to 10m. Dense deciduous shrub. Bark Grey-brown, cracking into plates. Branches With few, small spines. Leaves To 6cm long, with shallow lobes. Reproductive parts Flowers white, to 2.4cm across, in lax clusters (May). Fruits red, rounded, to 1cm long. Status Widespread but local; less frequent than Common Hawthorn as a native but also widely planted.
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  • Common Walnut Juglans regia Juglandaceae Height to 30m <br />
Spreading, domed tree. Bark Brown at first, grey and fissured with age. Branches Lowest ones spreading; twisted twigs bear purple-brown buds. Leaves Compound, with 7–9 leaflets, to 15cm long; thick and leathery. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow, to 15cm long; female flowers small, greenish. Fruits green, rounded, to 5cm across, encasing edible Walnut seed. Status Cultivated since Roman times.
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  • Bee-eater Merops apiaster L 26-29cm.Stunning bird that catches insects in flight. Sometimes perches on dead branches. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut crown and nape, grading to yellow on back and rump; uppertail is green and note 2 projecting central tail feathers. Underparts are blue except for black-bordered yellow throat. In flight, wings are chestnut and blue above. Juvenile is duller and lacks tail projections. Voice Utters a bubbling pruuupp call. Status Has bred here but best known as a rare migrant visitor in spring and autumn.
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  • Dahurian Larch Larix gmelinii (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Slender, conical deciduous tree. BARK Reddish-brown and scaly. BRANCHES Level, sometimes forming flattish areas of foliage, and supporting long, yellowish or red-brown, downy shoots. LEAVES Blunt-tipped needles, bright green above with 2 paler bands below, to 4cm long; in clusters of 25. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Female cones similar to those of other larches, with pinkish or greenish, slightly projecting bracts, becoming brown when ripe, with square-ended scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E Asia, sometimes planted for timber or as a specimen tree here.
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  • Eastern Hemlock-spruce Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Untidy tree with heavy branches, a forked trunk and dark foliage. BARK Blackish. LEAVES Needles, more tapering than those of Western Hemlock with a narrower tip; further row of leaves along middle of shoot twists to show white undersides. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers small, yellowish, clustered along underside of shoots. Female cones 1.5cm long; cone scales have thickened edges. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of eastern N America. Widely planted here.
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  • Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita L 11cm. Tiny warbler, best known for its onomatopoeic song. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have grey-brown upperparts and pale, greyish underparts suffused with yellow-buff on throat and breast. Bill is needle-like and legs are black; latter feature helps separate silent individuals from similar Willow Warbler. Voice Call is a soft hueet. Song is continually repeated chiff-chaff or tsip-tsap. Status Common summer visitor to mature deciduous woodland with a dense understorey of shrubs. Most migrate south to Mediterranean region in autumn but several hundred overwinter in S Britain.
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  • Black Walnut - Juglans nigra (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 32m<br />
Has a tall, straight bole and domed crown of brighter green leaves than Common Walnut. BARK Dark brown, showing a diamond pattern of deep cracks. LEAVES Compound with 15-23 leaflets, finely toothed and downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits similar to Common Walnut but not as edible; green husk yields a similar dark dye. Native of USA, planted here occasionally.
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  • Tree canopy in winter, Felbrigg Woods, Norfolk, UK
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  • Tree canopy in winter, Felbrigg Woods, Norfolk, UK
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  • Tree canopy in winter, Felbrigg Woods, Norfolk, UK
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  • Sunset over Roughton, Norfolk, UK
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  • Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo L 80-100cm. Dark water bird with heavy, hook-tipped bill. Swims low in water, propelled by large webbed feet. Wings often held outstretched when perched. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer is mainly dark with an oily sheen and black-bordered brownish feathers on wings, and white on thigh and head. Eye is green; skin at base of bill is yellowish. In winter, white feathering is absent. Juvenile has brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Voice Silent except at nest. Status Common, favouring sheltered seas and large freshwater lakes. Breeds colonially.
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  • Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo L 80-100cm. Dark water bird with heavy, hook-tipped bill. Swims low in water, propelled by large webbed feet. Wings often held outstretched when perched. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer is mainly dark with an oily sheen and black-bordered brownish feathers on wings, and white on thigh and head. Eye is green; skin at base of bill is yellowish. In winter, white feathering is absent. Juvenile has brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Voice Silent except at nest. Status Common, favouring sheltered seas and large freshwater lakes. Breeds colonially.
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  • Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo L 80-100cm. Dark water bird with heavy, hook-tipped bill. Swims low in water, propelled by large webbed feet. Wings often held outstretched when perched. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer is mainly dark with an oily sheen and black-bordered brownish feathers on wings, and white on thigh and head. Eye is green; skin at base of bill is yellowish. In winter, white feathering is absent. Juvenile has brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Voice Silent except at nest. Status Common, favouring sheltered seas and large freshwater lakes. Breeds colonially.
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  • Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo L 80-100cm. Dark water bird with heavy, hook-tipped bill. Swims low in water, propelled by large webbed feet. Wings often held outstretched when perched. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer is mainly dark with an oily sheen and black-bordered brownish feathers on wings, and white on thigh and head. Eye is green; skin at base of bill is yellowish. In winter, white feathering is absent. Juvenile has brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Voice Silent except at nest. Status Common, favouring sheltered seas and large freshwater lakes. Breeds colonially.
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  • Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo L 80-100cm. Dark water bird with heavy, hook-tipped bill. Swims low in water, propelled by large webbed feet. Wings often held outstretched when perched. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer is mainly dark with an oily sheen and black-bordered brownish feathers on wings, and white on thigh and head. Eye is green; skin at base of bill is yellowish. In winter, white feathering is absent. Juvenile has brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Voice Silent except at nest. Status Common, favouring sheltered seas and large freshwater lakes. Breeds colonially.
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  • Hybrid Black-poplar Populus x canadensis (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Upright or spreading tree, depending on situation, with a narrow crown. Similar to Black-poplar, one of parent species, and in many areas far more common; other parent is N American tree, Cottonwood. Trunk lacks burrs seen in Black-poplar. BARK Deeply fissured and greyish. SHOOTS Young twigs greenish or slightly reddened. LEAVES Alternate, oval to triangular and sharply toothed with fringes of small hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, similar to those of Black-poplar. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Planted for ornament or timber (used for packing crates and boxes). Does not thrive in wet or cold areas.
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  • Black Spruce Picea mariana (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 19m<br />
Slender, conical evergreen with shortest needles and cones of any spruce (apart from Oriental, whose needles are darker green and blunt). BARK Grey-brown and scaly. LEAVES Bluntly pointed needles, blue-green above and pale blue below, to 1.5cm long, 4-angled, growing all round hairy, yellowish shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones ovoid, reddish and pendent, to 4cm long, usually growing near tree top. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of N America, planted here for ornament.
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  • Black Spruce Picea mariana (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 19m<br />
Slender, conical evergreen with shortest needles and cones of any spruce (apart from Oriental, whose needles are darker green and blunt). BARK Grey-brown and scaly. LEAVES Bluntly pointed needles, blue-green above and pale blue below, to 1.5cm long, 4-angled, growing all round hairy, yellowish shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones ovoid, reddish and pendent, to 4cm long, usually growing near tree top. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of N America, planted here for ornament.
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  • Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora ssp. niphophila (Height to 15m) has grey-green bark that peels to reveal whiter patches. Short-stalked fruits are cup-shaped. Often planted here in gardens.
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  • Macedonian Pine Pinus peuce (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Narrowly conical; trunk slender and crown pointed. BARK Greyish-green. LEAVES Slender, supple needles, to 12cm long, with toothed margins and pointed tip. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones to 20cm long, mostly cylindrical, sometimes curved near tip; grow below shoots, green, ripening to brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native to Balkans, planted here occasionally.
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  • White Willow Salix alba Salicaceae Height to 25m<br />
Broadly columnar tree. Bark Dark grey. Shoots Yellowish grey, downy at first. Leaves Blue-grey. Reproductive parts Male catkins small and ovoid. Female catkins longer and green. Status Common in damp, lowland habitats.
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  • Japanese Larch Larix kaempferi (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 40m. A deciduous conifer resembling Common Larch, but lacking the drooping shoots, and having a more twiggy appearance with a dense crown. BARK Reddish-brown, flaking off in scales. LEAVES Needles, growing in tufts of about 40, slightly broader, and greyer in colour than those of Common Larch. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones are similar to those of Common Larch, but female cones are pink or cream in spring, becoming brown and woody in autumn, and differing from those of Common Larch in having turned-out tips to the scales, looking like woody rose-buds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, but now very common in forestry plantations, replacing the Common Larch because of its more vigorous growth. Of less value to wildlife, because of the dense needle-litter that accumulates beneath it, and the later leaf-fall.
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  • Northern Pitch Pine Pinus rigida. Similar to Monterey Pine P. radiata. (Height to 20m) Narrowly conical tree with stiff, tough needles in clusters of 3, and small cylindrical or rounded cones with thinner, but stiff (hence rigida) scales. Striking feature, unique to this species of pine, is sprouting foliage on the bole. Native to E coasts of N America, occasionally planted here.
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  • Black Spruce Picea mariana (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 19m<br />
Slender, conical evergreen with shortest needles and cones of any spruce (apart from Oriental, whose needles are darker green and blunt). BARK Grey-brown and scaly. LEAVES Bluntly pointed needles, blue-green above and pale blue below, to 1.5cm long, 4-angled, growing all round hairy, yellowish shoots. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones ovoid, reddish and pendent, to 4cm long, usually growing near tree top. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of N America, planted here for ornament.
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  • Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo L 80-100cm. Dark water bird with heavy, hook-tipped bill. Swims low in water, propelled by large webbed feet. Wings often held outstretched when perched. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer is mainly dark with an oily sheen and black-bordered brownish feathers on wings, and white on thigh and head. Eye is green; skin at base of bill is yellowish. In winter, white feathering is absent. Juvenile has brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Voice Silent except at nest. Status Common, favouring sheltered seas and large freshwater lakes. Breeds colonially.
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  • Blackbird Turdus merula L 25-28cm. Familiar ground-dwelling bird. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has uniformly blackish plumage. Legs are dark but bill and eyering are yellow. 1st winter male is similar but bill is dark and eyering is dull. Adult and 1st winter female are brown, darkest on wings and tail, and palest on throat and streaked breast. Juvenile is similar to adult female but marked with pale spots. Voice Utters harsh and repeated tchak alarm call, often at dusk. Male has rich, fluty and varied song. Status Common and widespread in gardens, but in woodland, farmland and coasts. Upland birds move to lower levels in winter and migrants arrive from Europe.
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  • Rook Corvus frugilegus L 43-48cm. Familiar farmland bird. Feeds in large flocks (mainly on soil invertebrates) and occupies noisy colonial tree nest sites. Sexes are similar. Adult has black plumage with reddish-purple sheen. Bill is long, narrow and rather pointed; note bare patch of whitish skin at base. Juvenile is similar but skin at base of bill is feathered. Voice Utters a grating craah-craah-craah… call. Status Locally common resident, found mainly on farmland and grassland. Builds large twig nests in clumps of tall trees.
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  • Abstract of Felbrigg Woods in winter, Norfolk, UK
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  • Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo L 80-100cm. Dark water bird with heavy, hook-tipped bill. Swims low in water, propelled by large webbed feet. Wings often held outstretched when perched. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer is mainly dark with an oily sheen and black-bordered brownish feathers on wings, and white on thigh and head. Eye is green; skin at base of bill is yellowish. In winter, white feathering is absent. Juvenile has brown upperparts and whitish underparts. Voice Silent except at nest. Status Common, favouring sheltered seas and large freshwater lakes. Breeds colonially.
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  • Austrian Pine Pinus nigra ssp. nigra Pinaceae Height to 30m<br />
Broadly conical with a narrow crown. Bark Greyish-brown, becoming darker and rough in older trees. Needles Paired, to 15cm long; stiff with finely toothed margins. Reproductive parts Mature cones, to 8cm long, have keeled, spined scales. Status Native of central Europe. Widely planted here for shelter or ornament and sometimes naturalised.
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  • Calabrian Pine Pinus brutia (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Closely related to Aleppo Pine, but leaves are broader (1– 1.5mm), darker green and stiffer. Twigs are reddish-yellow or greenish. Cones spread out from the twig and are never deflexed. Occurs in similar places, but further east, in Calabria, Crete, Cyprus and Turkey, where it can form open forests on coastal hills. Planted here occasionally
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  • Black Walnut Juglans nigra (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 32m<br />
Has a tall, straight bole and domed crown of brighter green leaves than Common Walnut. BARK Dark brown, showing a diamond pattern of deep cracks. LEAVES Compound with 15-23 leaflets, finely toothed and downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Fruits similar to Common Walnut but not as edible; green husk yields a similar dark dye. Native of USA, planted here occasionally.
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  • European Violet-willow Salix daphnoides (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Domed shrub or small tree. BARK Grey, with shallow ridges. SHOOTS Violet-blue and bloomed – the best identification feature for this species. LEAVES Narrowly ovate to oblong, dark green and shiny above, blue-grey below, with finely toothed margins. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins are distinctive with their attractive black flecks. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Introduced, planted for ornament (the attractive colour of its twigs, especially striking when coppiced) and naturalised occasionally in damp ground.
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  • Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus L 11-12cm. Familiar garden and woodland bird. Sexes are similar. Adult has greenish back, blue wings and yellow underparts. Mainly white head is demarcated by dark blue collar, connecting to dark eyestripe and dark bib; cap is blue. Bill is short and stubby and legs are bluish. Male is brighter than female. Juvenile is similar but colours are subdued. Voice Call is chattering tser err-err-err. Song contains whistling and trilling elements. Status Common resident of deciduous woodland, parks and gardens.
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  • Barn Owl Tyto alba L 34-38cm. Mainly nocturnal but sometimes hunts from late afternoon onwards. Feeds mainly on grassland small mammals. Flight is leisurely and slow on rounded wings. Responds well to nestbox schemes. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have orange-buff upperparts speckled with tiny black and white dots. Facial disc is heart-shaped and white. In flight, underwings pure white. Voice Utters blood-curdling at night. Status Vulnerable and generally scarce resident species.
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  • Barn Owl Tyto alba L 34-38cm. Mainly nocturnal but sometimes hunts from late afternoon onwards. Feeds mainly on grassland small mammals. Flight is leisurely and slow on rounded wings. Responds well to nestbox schemes. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have orange-buff upperparts speckled with tiny black and white dots. Facial disc is heart-shaped and white. In flight, underwings pure white. Voice Utters blood-curdling at night. Status Vulnerable and generally scarce resident species.
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  • Common Redstart - Phoenicurus phoenicurus
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  • Redstart - Phoenicurus phoenicurus
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  • Willow Tit - Poecile montanus
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  • Green Honeycreeper - Chlorophanes spiza spiza
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  • Red-winged Blackbird - Agelaius phoeniceus
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  • Little Cormorant - Phalacrocorax niger
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  • Hoopoe Upupa epops L 25-28cm. Distinctive, with long, downcurved bill. Habit of creeping along ground often makes it hard to spot. In flight, however, unmistakable thanks to bold black-and-white bird pattern and butterfly-like flight. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile are mainly pale pinkish brown with black and white barring on wings and back; white rump is seen in flight. Erectile crest of barred, pink feathers is raised in excitement. Voice Utters diagnostic hoo-poo-poo call. Status Has bred here, but best known as scarce visitor in spring and autumn.
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  • Tawny Owl Strix aluco L 38-40cm. Our most familiar owl. Strictly nocturnal; roosts in tree foliage during day. Flight is leisurely on broad, rounded wings. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked, variably chestnut-brown or grey-brown plumage, palest on underparts. Eyes are dark. In flight, underwings look pale. Young birds typically leave nest while still downy and white. Voice Utters sharp kew-wick and well-known hooting calls; most vocal in late winter and early spring. Status Fairly common resident of woodland habitats where small mammals are common; also in gardens and suburban parks.
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  • Katsura Tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Conical-crowned deciduous tree, sometimes with a single bole, more often with several main stems. BARK vertically fissured and peeling. LEAVES In opposite pairs, to 8cm long, rounded, with pointed tips and heart-shaped bases. Pink at first, turning green in summer, then red in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Flowers are produced in leaf nodes in April. Male flowers are small clusters of reddish stamens, female flowers are darker-red clusters of styles. Fruits are claw-like bunches of 5cm-long pods which change from grey, through green, to brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, grown in Britain and Ireland for ornament.
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  • Aquatic Warbler - Acrocephalus paludicola
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  • Terek Sandpiper - Xenus cinereus
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  • River Warbler - Locustella fluviatilis
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