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  • Bat Boxes
    128170.jpg
  • Bat Boxes
    128166.jpg
  • Erecting nest boxes for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157378.jpg
  • Erecting nest boxes for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157376.jpg
  • Erecting nest boxes for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157374.jpg
  • Erecting nest boxes for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157377.jpg
  • Erecting nest boxes for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157375.jpg
  • Nest box for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157382.jpg
  • Nest box for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157379.jpg
  • Nest box for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157381.jpg
  • Nest box for Hazel Dormouse - Muscardinus avellanarius
    157380.jpg
  • Hazel Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius Length 13-17cm Nocturnal small mammal and an iconic conservation symbol. Mainly arboreal and hibernates in winter. Nests are made mainly from shredded Honeysuckle bark. Adult has mainly golden brown coat with paler throat and belly. Note the large, beady eyes and rounded ears. Feet have flexible toes, used when climbing; tail has coating of golden fur. Mainly silent. A woodland species. Thrives best where mature oaks, coppiced Hazel and Honeysuckle grow together. Local and threatened by habitat destruction and degradation.
    127605.jpg
  • Typical open fronted bird nestbox
    130305.jpg
  • Bird Box. Common style of wooden bird box for common garden species.
    130264.jpg
  • Tawny Owl box, Stoke Wood, Oxfordshire
    161908.jpg
  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
    144254.jpg
  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
    144253.jpg
  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
    136168.jpg
  • Hazel Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius Length 13-17cm Nocturnal small mammal and an iconic conservation symbol. Mainly arboreal and hibernates in winter. Nests are made mainly from shredded Honeysuckle bark. Adult has mainly golden brown coat with paler throat and belly. Note the large, beady eyes and rounded ears. Feet have flexible toes, used when climbing; tail has coating of golden fur. Mainly silent. A woodland species. Thrives best where mature oaks, coppiced Hazel and Honeysuckle grow together. Local and threatened by habitat destruction and degradation.
    144296.jpg
  • The Thames village of Clifton Hampden with a view of the Post Office and Church of St Michael and All Angels, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154856.jpg
  • The Thames village of Clifton Hampden with a view of the Post Office and Church of St Michael and All Angels, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154857.jpg
  • The Thames village of Clifton Hampden with a view of the Post Office and Church of St Michael and All Angels, Oxfordshire, Uk
    154858.jpg
  • Blue Tit Parus caeruleus L 11-12cm. Familiar garden and woodland bird. Sexes are similar. Adult has greenish back, blue wings and yellow underparts. Mainly white head is demarcated by dark blue collar, connecting to dark eyestripe and dark bib; cap is blue. Bill is short and stubby and legs are bluish. Male is brighter than female. Juvenile is similar but colours are subdued. Voice Call is chattering tser err-err-err. Song contains whistling and trilling elements. Status Common resident of deciduous woodland, parks and gardens. Observation tips Tit One of the easiest birds to see. Often visits garden feeders.
    145977.jpg
  • Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus L 11-12cm. Familiar garden and woodland bird. Sexes are similar. Adult has greenish back, blue wings and yellow underparts. Mainly white head is demarcated by dark blue collar, connecting to dark eyestripe and dark bib; cap is blue. Bill is short and stubby and legs are bluish. Male is brighter than female. Juvenile is similar but colours are subdued. Voice Call is chattering tser err-err-err. Song contains whistling and trilling elements. Status Common resident of deciduous woodland, parks and gardens.
    100295.jpg
  • Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca L 12-13cm. Well-marked bird with precise habitat requirements. Forages in tree canopy. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male in summer has black upperparts, white underparts and bold white band on otherwise black wings; note small white patch at base of bill. All other birds (including autumn adult male) are similarly patterned but black elements of plumage are replaced by brown. Voice Utters a sharp tik alarm call. Song is sweet and ringing. Status Locally fairly common summer visitor, mainly to Sessile Oak woodland; most numerous in Devon, Wales and Lake District.
    104805.jpg
  • Great Tit Parus major L 14-15cm. Bold, well-marked bird with distinctive song. Sexes are separable with care. Adult male has white cheeks on otherwise black head; black throat continues as black line down centre of breast on otherwise yellow underparts. Upperparts are greenish and blue but note white wingbar. Adult female is similar but with narrower black line on breast. Juvenile is duller than adult. Voice Utters harsh tche-tche-tche alarm call. Song is variation on teecha-teecha-teecha theme. Status Common resident of lowland woodlands and gardens.
    113279.jpg
  • Great Tit Parus major L 14-15cm. Bold, well-marked bird with distinctive song. Sexes are separable with care. Adult male has white cheeks on otherwise black head; black throat continues as black line down centre of breast on otherwise yellow underparts. Upperparts are greenish and blue but note white wingbar. Adult female is similar but with narrower black line on breast. Juvenile is duller than adult. Voice Utters harsh tche-tche-tche alarm call. Song is variation on teecha-teecha-teecha theme. Status Common resident of lowland woodlands and gardens.
    137005.jpg
  • Eastern Bluebird - Sialia sialis - Adult male
    148311.jpg
  • Oiled Guillemot - Uria aalge. L 42cm. Familiar seabird that nests in densely packed breeding colonies. Swims well and flies on whirring wingbeats. Sexes are similar. Adult in summer has chocolate-brown head and upperparts (darkest in N birds) and white underparts. Bill is dark and dagger-like; so-called ‘Bridled Guillemot’ has white ‘spectacle’ around eye. In winter, has white on cheeks and throat but black line running back from eye. Voice Utters growling calls at breeding colonies. Status Locally numerous at seabird colonies with precipitous cliff ledges. Moves offshore outside breeding season. Suffers badly in oil spills.
    155932.jpg
  • Frozen Kennet and Avon Canal at Ufton, Berkshire, Uk
    142201.jpg
  • Hazel Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius Length 13-17cm Nocturnal small mammal and an iconic conservation symbol. Mainly arboreal and hibernates in winter. Nests are made mainly from shredded Honeysuckle bark. Adult has mainly golden brown coat with paler throat and belly. Note the large, beady eyes and rounded ears. Feet have flexible toes, used when climbing; tail has coating of golden fur. Mainly silent. A woodland species. Thrives best where mature oaks, coppiced Hazel and Honeysuckle grow together. Local and threatened by habitat destruction and degradation.
    124339.jpg
  • Edible Dormouse Glis glis Length 28-33cm Plump rodent that recalls a miniature Grey Squirrel. Introduced to Britain, possibly in Roman times. Adult is fat-bodied in autumn but sleek in spring, after losing weight in hibernation. Has a mainly grey coat but throat and belly are whitish and hint a dark stripe down back is sometimes seen. Note the large eyes, rounded ears, and long toes. Tail is long and bushy. Utters chattering grunts and squeals. Introduced and now widespread in the Chilterns. Favours mature deciduous woodlands and mature gardens.
    128465.jpg
  • Red Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris Length 35-45cm Britain’s native squirrel. Adult has compact body with large head, tufted ears and bushy tail. In summer, coat is mainly orange-brown with creamy white underparts; tail bleaches paler with time. In winter, coat is thicker and darker on back; ear tufts more pronounced. Utters chattering calls. Formerly widespread in Britain prior to introduction of Grey Squirrel; now common only in N in mature conifer forests with a few southern outposts (eg Thetford Forest in Norfolk, Isle of Wight and Brownsea Island, Dorset.
    137885.jpg
  • Brandt’s Bat Myotis brandtii Wingspan 21-25cm Small, poorly studied bat. Similar to Whiskered Bat. Adult has long, fluffy fur, yellowish brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown, shorter than those of Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters twittering squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Favours open woodland. Full range is poorly known but widespread in Wales and W and N England. Sometimes emerges from roost in late afternoon. Flight is rapid with short glides. Roosts in buildings, roofs and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in tunnels, tree holes and cellars.
    157699.jpg
  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
    156382.jpg
  • Brandt’s Bat Myotis brandtii Wingspan 21-25cm Small, poorly studied bat. Similar to Whiskered Bat. Adult has long, fluffy fur, yellowish brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown, shorter than those of Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters twittering squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Favours open woodland. Full range is poorly known but widespread in Wales and W and N England. Sometimes emerges from roost in late afternoon. Flight is rapid with short glides. Roosts in buildings, roofs and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in tunnels, tree holes and cellars.
    156268.jpg
  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
    143684.jpg
  • Hybrid Black-poplar Populus x canadensis (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Upright or spreading tree, depending on situation, with a narrow crown. Similar to Black-poplar, one of parent species, and in many areas far more common; other parent is N American tree, Cottonwood. Trunk lacks burrs seen in Black-poplar. BARK Deeply fissured and greyish. SHOOTS Young twigs greenish or slightly reddened. LEAVES Alternate, oval to triangular and sharply toothed with fringes of small hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, similar to those of Black-poplar. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Planted for ornament or timber (used for packing crates and boxes). Does not thrive in wet or cold areas.
    135238.jpg
  • Hybrid Black-poplar Populus x canadensis (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Upright or spreading tree, depending on situation, with a narrow crown. Similar to Black-poplar, one of parent species, and in many areas far more common; other parent is N American tree, Cottonwood. Trunk lacks burrs seen in Black-poplar. BARK Deeply fissured and greyish. SHOOTS Young twigs greenish or slightly reddened. LEAVES Alternate, oval to triangular and sharply toothed with fringes of small hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, similar to those of Black-poplar. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Planted for ornament or timber (used for packing crates and boxes). Does not thrive in wet or cold areas.
    132479.jpg
  • Hybrid Black-poplar Populus x canadensis (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Upright or spreading tree, depending on situation, with a narrow crown. Similar to Black-poplar, one of parent species, and in many areas far more common; other parent is N American tree, Cottonwood. Trunk lacks burrs seen in Black-poplar. BARK Deeply fissured and greyish. SHOOTS Young twigs greenish or slightly reddened. LEAVES Alternate, oval to triangular and sharply toothed with fringes of small hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, similar to those of Black-poplar. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Planted for ornament or timber (used for packing crates and boxes). Does not thrive in wet or cold areas.
    102370.jpg
  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
    116369.jpg
  • Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus Length 7-10cm Our smallest land mammal. Active throughout the 24hr period. Hunts invertebrates mainly at ground level, but also climbs well and sometimes found in bird boxes. Adult has dense fur; dark brown on upperparts and flanks, contrastingly pale greyish on underparts. Note the pointed, whiskered snout, and small, beady eyes; ears partly hidden by fur. Tail is long relative to body length. Utters high-pitched squeaks. Widespread and common in woodland margins, hedgerows, meadows and moors.
    119849.jpg
  • Whiskered Bat Myotis mystacinus Wingspan 19-23cm Similar to Brandt’s Bat but smaller in all respects. Identification relies on dentition studies. Adult has long, fluffy fur, dark brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown with a longer tragus than in Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters high-pitched squeaks if disturbed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Widespread but local. Favours open woodland and park grassland; often feeds over meadows or near water. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in caves, mines and tunnels.
    123415.jpg
  • Whiskered Bat Myotis mystacinus Wingspan 19-23cm Similar to Brandt’s Bat but smaller in all respects. Identification relies on dentition studies. Adult has long, fluffy fur, dark brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown with a longer tragus than in Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters high-pitched squeaks if disturbed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Widespread but local. Favours open woodland and park grassland; often feeds over meadows or near water. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in caves, mines and tunnels.
    124564.jpg
  • Noctule Bat Nyctalus noctula Wingspan 35-45cm Our largest bat. Adult has rather short fur, golden brown overall, darkest on back and paler below. Face is blackish brown. Ears are dark, large and broadly oval to triangular; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are long and narrow. Utters loud clicks in flight and yickering calls at roosts. Echolocates in 20-45kHz range. Widespread. Favours marshes, meadows, woodland clearings and mature suburban gardens. Leaves roost at dusk and feed throughout night. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
    126344.jpg
  • Noctule Nyctalus noctula Wingspan 35-45cm Our largest bat. Adult has rather short fur, golden brown overall, darkest on back and paler below. Face is blackish brown. Ears are dark, large and broadly oval to triangular; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are long and narrow. Utters loud clicks in flight and yickering calls at roosts. Echolocates in 20-45kHz range. Widespread. Favours marshes, meadows, woodland clearings and mature suburban gardens. Leaves roost at dusk and feed throughout night. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
    126964.jpg
  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
    127524.jpg
  • Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus Length 7-10cm Our smallest land mammal. Active throughout the 24hr period. Hunts invertebrates mainly at ground level, but also climbs well and sometimes found in bird boxes. Adult has dense fur; dark brown on upperparts and flanks, contrastingly pale greyish on underparts. Note the pointed, whiskered snout, and small, beady eyes; ears partly hidden by fur. Tail is long relative to body length. Utters high-pitched squeaks. Widespread and common in woodland margins, hedgerows, meadows and moors.
    128234.jpg
  • Brandt’s Bat Myotis brandtii Wingspan 21-25cm Small, poorly studied bat. Similar to Whiskered Bat. Adult has long, fluffy fur, yellowish brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown, shorter than those of Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters twittering squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Favours open woodland. Full range is poorly known but widespread in Wales and W and N England. Sometimes emerges from roost in late afternoon. Flight is rapid with short glides. Roosts in buildings, roofs and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in tunnels, tree holes and cellars.
    128357.jpg
  • Whiskered Bat Myotis mystacinus Wingspan 19-23cm Similar to Brandt’s Bat but smaller in all respects. Identification relies on dentition studies. Adult has long, fluffy fur, dark brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown with a longer tragus than in Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters high-pitched squeaks if disturbed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Widespread but local. Favours open woodland and park grassland; often feeds over meadows or near water. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in caves, mines and tunnels.
    128415.jpg
  • Brandt’s Bat Myotis brandtii Wingspan 21-25cm Small, poorly studied bat. Similar to Whiskered Bat. Adult has long, fluffy fur, yellowish brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown, shorter than those of Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters twittering squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Favours open woodland. Full range is poorly known but widespread in Wales and W and N England. Sometimes emerges from roost in late afternoon. Flight is rapid with short glides. Roosts in buildings, roofs and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in tunnels, tree holes and cellars.
    128708.jpg
  • Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus Length 7-10cm Our smallest land mammal. Active throughout the 24hr period. Hunts invertebrates mainly at ground level, but also climbs well and sometimes found in bird boxes. Adult has dense fur; dark brown on upperparts and flanks, contrastingly pale greyish on underparts. Note the pointed, whiskered snout, and small, beady eyes; ears partly hidden by fur. Tail is long relative to body length. Utters high-pitched squeaks. Widespread and common in woodland margins, hedgerows, meadows and moors.
    136541.jpg
  • Noctule Nyctalus noctula Wingspan 35-45cm Our largest bat. Adult has rather short fur, golden brown overall, darkest on back and paler below. Face is blackish brown. Ears are dark, large and broadly oval to triangular; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are long and narrow. Utters loud clicks in flight and yickering calls at roosts. Echolocates in 20-45kHz range. Widespread. Favours marshes, meadows, woodland clearings and mature suburban gardens. Leaves roost at dusk and feed throughout night. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
    143242.jpg
  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
    129447.jpg
  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
    145723.jpg
  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
    145729.jpg
  • Tree Sparrow - Passer montanus - juvenile. L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
    156561.jpg
  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
    156439.jpg
  • Hybrid Black-poplar Populus x canadensis (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Upright or spreading tree, depending on situation, with a narrow crown. Similar to Black-poplar, one of parent species, and in many areas far more common; other parent is N American tree, Cottonwood. Trunk lacks burrs seen in Black-poplar. BARK Deeply fissured and greyish. SHOOTS Young twigs greenish or slightly reddened. LEAVES Alternate, oval to triangular and sharply toothed with fringes of small hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, similar to those of Black-poplar. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Planted for ornament or timber (used for packing crates and boxes). Does not thrive in wet or cold areas.
    132474.jpg
  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
    100733.jpg
  • Noctule Nyctalus noctula Wingspan 35-45cm Our largest bat. Adult has rather short fur, golden brown overall, darkest on back and paler below. Face is blackish brown. Ears are dark, large and broadly oval to triangular; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are long and narrow. Utters loud clicks in flight and yickering calls at roosts. Echolocates in 20-45kHz range. Widespread. Favours marshes, meadows, woodland clearings and mature suburban gardens. Leaves roost at dusk and feed throughout night. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
    104453.jpg
  • Noctule Nyctalus noctula Wingspan 35-45cm Our largest bat. Adult has rather short fur, golden brown overall, darkest on back and paler below. Face is blackish brown. Ears are dark, large and broadly oval to triangular; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are long and narrow. Utters loud clicks in flight and yickering calls at roosts. Echolocates in 20-45kHz range. Widespread. Favours marshes, meadows, woodland clearings and mature suburban gardens. Leaves roost at dusk and feed throughout night. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
    110311.jpg
  • Leisler’s Bat Nyctalus leisleri Wingspan 30-35cm Medium-sized bat. Recalls Noctule but smaller. Adult has long fur, dark brown above and buffish brown below. Face is blackish. Ears are dark and broadly oval with 4-5 transverse folds; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are dark and narrow. Utters shrill calls in flight. Echolocates in 15-45kHz range. Widespread, mainly in Ireland. Feeds over marshes, meadows and in open woodland. Feeds just after dusk and just before dawn. Flight is fast, wingbeats are rapid. Roosts in tree holes, roof spaces and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
    112997.jpg
  • Leisler’s Bat Nyctalus leisleri Wingspan 30-35cm Medium-sized bat. Recalls Noctule but smaller. Adult has long fur, dark brown above and buffish brown below. Face is blackish. Ears are dark and broadly oval with 4-5 transverse folds; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are dark and narrow. Utters shrill calls in flight. Echolocates in 15-45kHz range. Widespread, mainly in Ireland. Feeds over marshes, meadows and in open woodland. Feeds just after dusk and just before dawn. Flight is fast, wingbeats are rapid. Roosts in tree holes, roof spaces and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
    112998.jpg
  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
    115883.jpg
  • Brandt’s Bat Myotis brandtii Wingspan 21-25cm Small, poorly studied bat. Similar to Whiskered Bat. Adult has long, fluffy fur, yellowish brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown, shorter than those of Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters twittering squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Favours open woodland. Full range is poorly known but widespread in Wales and W and N England. Sometimes emerges from roost in late afternoon. Flight is rapid with short glides. Roosts in buildings, roofs and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in tunnels, tree holes and cellars.
    116370.jpg
  • Whiskered Bat Myotis mystacinus Wingspan 19-23cm Similar to Brandt’s Bat but smaller in all respects. Identification relies on dentition studies. Adult has long, fluffy fur, dark brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown with a longer tragus than in Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters high-pitched squeaks if disturbed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Widespread but local. Favours open woodland and park grassland; often feeds over meadows or near water. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in caves, mines and tunnels.
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  • Leisler’s Bat Nyctalus leisleri Wingspan 30-35cm Medium-sized bat. Recalls Noctule but smaller. Adult has long fur, dark brown above and buffish brown below. Face is blackish. Ears are dark and broadly oval with 4-5 transverse folds; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are dark and narrow. Utters shrill calls in flight. Echolocates in 15-45kHz range. Widespread, mainly in Ireland. Feeds over marshes, meadows and in open woodland. Feeds just after dusk and just before dawn. Flight is fast, wingbeats are rapid. Roosts in tree holes, roof spaces and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
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  • Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus Length 7-10cm Our smallest land mammal. Active throughout the 24hr period. Hunts invertebrates mainly at ground level, but also climbs well and sometimes found in bird boxes. Adult has dense fur; dark brown on upperparts and flanks, contrastingly pale greyish on underparts. Note the pointed, whiskered snout, and small, beady eyes; ears partly hidden by fur. Tail is long relative to body length. Utters high-pitched squeaks. Widespread and common in woodland margins, hedgerows, meadows and moors.
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  • Brandt’s Bat Myotis brandtii Wingspan 21-25cm Small, poorly studied bat. Similar to Whiskered Bat. Adult has long, fluffy fur, yellowish brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown, shorter than those of Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters twittering squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Favours open woodland. Full range is poorly known but widespread in Wales and W and N England. Sometimes emerges from roost in late afternoon. Flight is rapid with short glides. Roosts in buildings, roofs and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in tunnels, tree holes and cellars.
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  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
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  • Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus Length 7-10cm Our smallest land mammal. Active throughout the 24hr period. Hunts invertebrates mainly at ground level, but also climbs well and sometimes found in bird boxes. Adult has dense fur; dark brown on upperparts and flanks, contrastingly pale greyish on underparts. Note the pointed, whiskered snout, and small, beady eyes; ears partly hidden by fur. Tail is long relative to body length. Utters high-pitched squeaks. Widespread and common in woodland margins, hedgerows, meadows and moors.
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  • Noctule Nyctalus noctula Wingspan 35-45cm Our largest bat. Adult has rather short fur, golden brown overall, darkest on back and paler below. Face is blackish brown. Ears are dark, large and broadly oval to triangular; tragus is mushroom-shaped. Wings are long and narrow. Utters loud clicks in flight and yickering calls at roosts. Echolocates in 20-45kHz range. Widespread. Favours marshes, meadows, woodland clearings and mature suburban gardens. Leaves roost at dusk and feed throughout night. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in deep tree holes.
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  • Whiskered Bat Myotis mystacinus Wingspan 19-23cm Similar to Brandt’s Bat but smaller in all respects. Identification relies on dentition studies. Adult has long, fluffy fur, dark brown above and greyish below. Ears are dark brown with a longer tragus than in Whiskered. Wings are dark brown and rather narrow. Utters high-pitched squeaks if disturbed. Echolocates in 40-80khz range. Widespread but local. Favours open woodland and park grassland; often feeds over meadows or near water. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in caves, mines and tunnels.
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  • Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus Length 7-10cm Our smallest land mammal. Active throughout the 24hr period. Hunts invertebrates mainly at ground level, but also climbs well and sometimes found in bird boxes. Adult has dense fur; dark brown on upperparts and flanks, contrastingly pale greyish on underparts. Note the pointed, whiskered snout, and small, beady eyes; ears partly hidden by fur. Tail is long relative to body length. Utters high-pitched squeaks. Widespread and common in woodland margins, hedgerows, meadows and moors.
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  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
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  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
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  • Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Wingspan 24-28cm Distinctive bat. Flight is slow with fluttering wingbeats. Adult has fluffy, long fur, buffish brown above and buffish white below. Ears are very long, pinkish brown with numerous transverse folds. Face is pinkish brown and wings are brown. Squeaks when alarmed. Echolocates in 30-40khz range. Widespread. Favours wooded habitats, including mature gardens and hedgerows as well as deciduous and mixed woodland. Emerges from roost after dark. Roosts in tree holes and bat boxes in summer, hibernates in roofs, cellars and caves.
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  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
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  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
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  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
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  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
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  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
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  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
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  • Tree Sparrow Passer montanus L 13-14cm. Well-marked bird, rural counterpart of House Sparrow. Forms flocks outside breeding season and may feed with buntings and finches in fields. Sexes are similar. Adult has chestnut cap and striking black patch on otherwise whitish cheeks and side of head; note black bib. Underparts are otherwise greyish white. Back and wings are streaked brown; note white wingbars. Juvenile is similar but duller. Voice Utters chirps and sharp tik-tik in flight. Status Scarce and declining resident of untidy arable farms and rural villages. A tree-hole nester nad has benefited from provision of nest boxes.
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  • Box Bug - Gonocerus acuteangulatus
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  • Box Buxus sempervirens Buxaceae Height to 6m <br />
Dense, spreading evergreen shrub. Bark Smooth, grey, breaking into squares with age. Branches Numerous; young twigs green, angular and hairy. Leaves Ovate, to 2.5cm long. Reproductive parts Flowers small, green; males have yellow anthers. Fruit is a greenish capsule, 8mm long, with 3 spreading spines. Status Local native of chalk slopes; also widely planted.
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  • BOX Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae) Height to 5m<br />
Dense, evergreen shrub or small tree. Familiar as a garden plant, used in hedging and topiary. Native on chalky soils. FLOWERS are tiny and yellowish green, lacking petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are 3-horned capsules. LEAVES are 1.5-3cm long, oval and leathery, with inrolled margins. STATUS-Widely planted but native only to SE England.
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  • BOX Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae) Height to 5m<br />
Dense, evergreen shrub or small tree. Familiar as a garden plant, used in hedging and topiary. Native on chalky soils. FLOWERS are tiny and yellowish green, lacking petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are 3-horned capsules. LEAVES are 1.5-3cm long, oval and leathery, with inrolled margins. STATUS-Widely planted but native only to SE England.
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  • Box Buxus sempervirens Buxaceae Height to 6m <br />
Dense, spreading evergreen shrub. Bark Smooth, grey, breaking into squares with age. Branches Numerous; young twigs green, angular and hairy. Leaves Ovate, to 2.5cm long. Reproductive parts Flowers small, green; males have yellow anthers. Fruit is a greenish capsule, 8mm long, with 3 spreading spines. Status Local native of chalk slopes; also widely planted.
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  • Box Buxus sempervirens Buxaceae Height to 6m <br />
Dense, spreading evergreen shrub. Bark Smooth, grey, breaking into squares with age. Branches Numerous; young twigs green, angular and hairy. Leaves Ovate, to 2.5cm long. Reproductive parts Flowers small, green; males have yellow anthers. Fruit is a greenish capsule, 8mm long, with 3 spreading spines. Status Local native of chalk slopes; also widely planted.
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  • Box Buxus sempervirens Buxaceae Height to 6m <br />
Dense, spreading evergreen shrub. Bark Smooth, grey, breaking into squares with age. Branches Numerous; young twigs green, angular and hairy. Leaves Ovate, to 2.5cm long. Reproductive parts Flowers small, green; males have yellow anthers. Fruit is a greenish capsule, 8mm long, with 3 spreading spines. Status Local native of chalk slopes; also widely planted.
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  • BOX Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae) Height to 5m<br />
Dense, evergreen shrub or small tree. Familiar as a garden plant, used in hedging and topiary. Native on chalky soils. FLOWERS are tiny and yellowish green, lacking petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are 3-horned capsules. LEAVES are 1.5-3cm long, oval and leathery, with inrolled margins. STATUS-Widely planted but native only to SE England.
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  • BOX Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae) Height to 5m<br />
Dense, evergreen shrub or small tree. Familiar as a garden plant, used in hedging and topiary. Native on chalky soils. FLOWERS are tiny and yellowish green, lacking petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are 3-horned capsules. LEAVES are 1.5-3cm long, oval and leathery, with inrolled margins. STATUS-Widely planted but native only to SE England.
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  • BOX Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae) Height to 5m<br />
Dense, evergreen shrub or small tree. Familiar as a garden plant, used in hedging and topiary. Native on chalky soils. FLOWERS are tiny and yellowish green, lacking petals (Mar-May). FRUITS are 3-horned capsules. LEAVES are 1.5-3cm long, oval and leathery, with inrolled margins. STATUS-Widely planted but native only to SE England.
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  • Box Buxus sempervirens Buxaceae Height to 6m <br />
Dense, spreading evergreen shrub. Bark Smooth, grey, breaking into squares with age. Branches Numerous; young twigs green, angular and hairy. Leaves Ovate, to 2.5cm long. Reproductive parts Flowers small, green; males have yellow anthers. Fruit is a greenish capsule, 8mm long, with 3 spreading spines. Status Local native of chalk slopes; also widely planted.
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  • Ashleaf Maple (Box Elder) Acer negundo (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Small but vigorous deciduous tree with numerous shoots growing from bole and main branches. BARK Smooth in young trees, replaced by darker, shallowly fissured bark in older trees. BRANCHES With green shoots and small buds that have only 2 whitish scales. LEAVES Pinnate, to 15cm long with 3 or sometimes up to 7 irregularly toothed oval leaflets. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers occur separately, opening in March before leaves. Petals are absent; male flowers are greenish with prominent red anthers, and female flowers are greenish-yellow and pendent. Brown fruits are about 2cm long with wings slightly spreading, remaining on tree after leaves have fallen. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America, commonly planted as an ornamental tree, and sometimes for shelter; sometimes naturalised.
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  • Box Buxus sempervirens Buxaceae Height to 6m <br />
Dense, spreading evergreen shrub. Bark Smooth, grey, breaking into squares with age. Branches Numerous; young twigs green, angular and hairy. Leaves Ovate, to 2.5cm long. Reproductive parts Flowers small, green; males have yellow anthers. Fruit is a greenish capsule, 8mm long, with 3 spreading spines. Status Local native of chalk slopes; also widely planted.
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  • Ashleaf Maple (Box Elder) Acer negundo (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 20m <br />
Small but vigorous deciduous tree with numerous shoots growing from bole and main branches. BARK Smooth in young trees, replaced by darker, shallowly fissured bark in older trees. BRANCHES With green shoots and small buds that have only 2 whitish scales. LEAVES Pinnate, to 15cm long with 3 or sometimes up to 7 irregularly toothed oval leaflets. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers occur separately, opening in March before leaves. Petals are absent; male flowers are greenish with prominent red anthers, and female flowers are greenish-yellow and pendent. Brown fruits are about 2cm long with wings slightly spreading, remaining on tree after leaves have fallen. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of E North America, commonly planted as an ornamental tree, and sometimes for shelter; sometimes naturalised.
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  • Brown Hare Lepus europaeus Length 50-75cm Rabbit-like mammal but with longer legs and ears. A fast runner; does not burrow. Performs ‘boxing’ displays while courting. Adult has brown coat grizzled with grey and black, especially on back. Coat is thicker, darker and redder in winter than summer. Ears are black-tipped; tail is dark above with pale fringe, and whitish below. Has ‘wild’ looking eyes located high on sides of head. Mostly silent. Has declined due to farming practises and persecution but still locally common on farmland and grassland.
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