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  • BOG PIMPERNEL Anagallis tenella (Primulaceae) Creeping<br />
Delicate and attractive hairless perennial; has trailing stems and sometimes forms mats. Found on damp ground, such as bogs and dune slacks, and mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are up to 1cm long, pink and funnel-shaped with 5 lobes; borne on slender, upright stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, short-stalked and borne in opposite pairs.
    110514.jpg
  • BOG ASPHODEL Narthecium ossifragum (Liliaceae) Height to 20cm. Tufted and hairless perennial that grows in boggy heaths and moors. The whole plant turns orange-brown in fruit and persists into early winter at least. FLOWERS are 12-15mm across, yellow and star-like, with woolly orange anthers; borne in spikes (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are splitting capsules. LEAVES are narrow, iris-like and basal; they are borne in a flat fan. STATUS-Widespread in N and W, much more local in S and E.
    128320.jpg
  • Bog Asphodel - Narthecium ossifragum
    163149.jpg
  • Bog Pimpernel - Anagallis tenella (Primulaceae) Creeping<br />
Delicate and attractive hairless perennial; has trailing stems and sometimes forms mats. Found on damp ground, such as bogs and dune slacks, and mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are up to 1cm long, pink and funnel-shaped with 5 lobes; borne on slender, upright stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, short-stalked and borne in opposite pairs.
    155451.jpg
  • Bog Pimpernel - Anagallis tenella (Primulaceae) Creeping<br />
Delicate and attractive hairless perennial; has trailing stems and sometimes forms mats. Found on damp ground, such as bogs and dune slacks, and mainly on acid soils. FLOWERS are up to 1cm long, pink and funnel-shaped with 5 lobes; borne on slender, upright stalks (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are rounded, short-stalked and borne in opposite pairs.
    155450.jpg
  • BLACK BOG-RUSH Schoenus nigricans Height to 50cm. Tufted perennial with rigid, smooth, round stems. Grows in bogs, dune slacks and marshes, usually on base-rich soils. Flowers are dark brown spikelets, in a terminal head, with a leaf-like bract (May-July). Fruits are whitish. Leaves are long, green, arising at base of plant. Commonest in N and W Britain, and Ireland
    118306.jpg
  • bog beacon<br />
Mitrula paludosa
    140505.jpg
  • Bog Beacon - Mitrula paludosa
    140370.jpg
  • bog beacon<br />
Mitrula paludosa
    139275.jpg
  • Flow Country (Moorland/Floating Bog) Scotland, UK
    107226.jpg
  • Lowland Bog, New Forest, Hampshire, UK
    129470.jpg
  • Bog Pimpernel - Anagallis tenella
    160052.jpg
  • Matley Bog in the New Forest near Lyndhurst, Hampshire
    155906.jpg
  • Iron Bacteria/Bog Rust - Leptothrix ochracea
    159903.jpg
  • BOG-MYRTLE Myrica gale (Myricaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Woody, brown-stemmed shrub that is characteristic of boggy habitats, usually on acid soils. FLOWERS are orange, ovoid male catkins and pendulous brown female catkins; on separate plants (Apr). FRUITS are brownish nuts. LEAVES are oval, grey-green and smell of resin when crushed. STATUS-Widespread but local; sometimes locally dominant.
    141297.jpg
  • Bog-rosemary - Andromeda polifolia
    162780.jpg
  • BOG-MYRTLE Myrica gale (Myricaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Woody, brown-stemmed shrub that is characteristic of boggy habitats, usually on acid soils. FLOWERS are orange, ovoid male catkins and pendulous brown female catkins; on separate plants (Apr). FRUITS are brownish nuts. LEAVES are oval, grey-green and smell of resin when crushed. STATUS-Widespread but local; sometimes locally dominant.
    134797.jpg
  • BOG-MYRTLE Myrica gale (Myricaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Woody, brown-stemmed shrub that is characteristic of boggy habitats, usually on acid soils. FLOWERS are orange, ovoid male catkins and pendulous brown female catkins; on separate plants (Apr). FRUITS are brownish nuts. LEAVES are oval, grey-green and smell of resin when crushed. STATUS-Widespread but local; sometimes locally dominant.
    134790.jpg
  • BOG-MYRTLE Myrica gale (Myricaceae)  Height to 1m<br />
Woody, brown-stemmed shrub that is characteristic of boggy habitats, usually on acid soils. FLOWERS are orange, ovoid male catkins and pendulous brown female catkins; on separate plants (Apr). FRUITS are brownish nuts. LEAVES are oval, grey-green and smell of resin when crushed.
    144456.jpg
  • BOG-MYRTLE Myrica gale (Myricaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Woody, brown-stemmed shrub that is characteristic of boggy habitats, usually on acid soils. FLOWERS are orange, ovoid male catkins and pendulous brown female catkins; on separate plants (Apr). FRUITS are brownish nuts. LEAVES are oval, grey-green and smell of resin when crushed. STATUS-Widespread but local; sometimes locally dominant.
    134791.jpg
  • BOG-MYRTLE Myrica gale (Myricaceae)  Height to 1m<br />
Woody, brown-stemmed shrub that is characteristic of boggy habitats, usually on acid soils. FLOWERS are orange, ovoid male catkins and pendulous brown female catkins; on separate plants (Apr). FRUITS are brownish nuts. LEAVES are oval, grey-green and smell of resin when crushed.
    105787.jpg
  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156861.jpg
  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156861.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    155779.jpg
  • Cross-leaved heath - Erica tetralix (Ericaceae) Height to 30cm. Downy, grey-green undershrub that favours damp, acid soils. It is the characteristic plant of the waterlogged margins of many heathland and moorland bogs. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, rather globular and pink; borne in rather compact, terminal and 1-sides clusters (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are downy capsules. LEAVES are narrow, fringed with hairs and borne in whorls of 4 along the stems. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region, but always in wetter locations than Ling or Bell Heather.
    155456.jpg
  • MARSH VIOLET Viola palustris (Violaceae) Height to 15cm<br />
Distinctive, hairless perennial with creeping runners. Found in bogs and marshy places on acid soils. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across with rounded, dark-veined, pale lilac petals and a blunt, pale spur (Apr-Jul). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are kidney-shaped and long-stalked. STATUS-Widespread but local; commonest in N and W.
    137706.jpg
  • WHITE BEAK-SEDGE Rhynchospora alba (Cyperaceae) Height to 40cm. Tufted perennial of bogs and wet heaths on acid soils. FLOWERS are spikelets that are whitish at first; in flat-topped terminal clusters with a narrow bract (Jun-Sep). FRUITS appear similar to flowers. LEAVES are pale green and arise at base of plant and on stem. STATUS-Very local in S Britain but widespread in Scotland and W Ireland.
    130608.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    144455.jpg
  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    157021.jpg
  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156937.jpg
  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156854.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156679.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156678.jpg
  • Cross-leaved heath - Erica tetralix (Ericaceae) Height to 30cm. Downy, grey-green undershrub that favours damp, acid soils. It is the characteristic plant of the waterlogged margins of many heathland and moorland bogs. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, rather globular and pink; borne in rather compact, terminal and 1-sides clusters (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are downy capsules. LEAVES are narrow, fringed with hairs and borne in whorls of 4 along the stems. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region, but always in wetter locations than Ling or Bell Heather.
    155458.jpg
  • Dwarf Birch Betula nana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 1m<br />
A low-growing and often rather prostrate undershrub. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Short and upright or spreading, with stiff, hairy twigs. LEAVES Rather rounded, 6-8mm across, coarsely toothed and hairy when young, smooth and hairless when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, females covered with three-lobed scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A northern, tundra species in global terms, confined in our region as a native plant to the Scottish Highlands. Here, it grows on upland heaths and in bogs and is tolerant of both waterlogged and relatively free-draining peaty soils.
    134925.jpg
  • MARSH VIOLET Viola palustris (Violaceae) Height to 15cm<br />
Distinctive, hairless perennial with creeping runners. Found in bogs and marshy places on acid soils. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across with rounded, dark-veined, pale lilac petals and a blunt, pale spur (Apr-Jul). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are kidney-shaped and long-stalked. STATUS-Widespread but local; commonest in N and W.
    137705.jpg
  • CROSS-LEAVED HEATH Erica tetralix (Ericaceae) Height to 30cm. Downy, grey-green undershrub that favours damp, acid soils. It is the characteristic plant of the waterlogged margins of many heathland and moorland bogs. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, rather globular and pink; borne in rather compact, terminal and 1-sides clusters (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are downy capsules. LEAVES are narrow, fringed with hairs and borne in whorls of 4 along the stems. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region, but always in wetter locations than Ling or Bell Heather.
    134530.jpg
  • CRANBERRY Vaccinium oxycoccos (Ericaceae) Height to 12cm. Creeping, evergreen undershrub with slender, trailing and wiry stems. Associated with permanently inundated peat bogs. FLOWERS are 8-10mm and distinctive, recalling miniature Fuchsia flowers; they are pink with reflexed petals and protruding stamens (May-Jul). FRUITS are bright red berries. LEAVES are dark green and narrow, with inrolled margins. STATUS-Locally common only in N Wales, N England and E Ireland.
    134183.jpg
  • CRANBERRY Vaccinium oxycoccus (Ericaceae) Height to 12cm. Creeping, evergreen undershrub with slender, trailing and wiry stems. Associated with permanently inundated peat bogs. FLOWERS are 8-10mm and distinctive, recalling miniature Fuchsia flowers; they are pink with reflexed petals and protruding stamens (May-Jul). FRUITS are bright red berries. LEAVES are dark green and narrow, with inrolled margins. STATUS-Locally common only in N Wales, N England and E Ireland.
    132212.jpg
  • PALE BUTTERWORT Pinguicula lusitanica (Lentibulariaceae) Height to 10cm. Charming, delicate and stickily-hairy carnivorous perennial of damp heaths and bogs. FLOWERS are 7-9mm across, the corolla pale pinkish lilac with a short spur; borne on slender stems arising from basal rosette of leaves (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are yellowish green (sometimes bronzed) with inrolled margins, sticky and trap and digest insects. STATUS-Restricted to SW and NW Britain and Ireland.
    131864.jpg
  • CREEPING FORGET-ME-NOT Myosotis secunda (Boraginaceae) Height to 12cm. Creeping perennial with close-pressed hairs on its upright stems. Grows in watery ground on acid soils including bogs. FLOWERS are 6-8mm across and blue with 5 slightly notched lobes, the calyx divided more than halfway into teeth; borne in clusters (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are nutlets. Fruit stalks much longer than calyx. LEAVES are oblong. STATUS-Common in W and N Britain and Ireland; scarce or absent elsewhere.
    131075.jpg
  • MARSH LOUSEWORT Pedicularis palustris (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 60cm. Upright, hairless perennial with a single branching stem. Semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grows on marshes and bogs, not exclusively favouring acid soils, hence its occurrence in some fens. FLOWERS are 20-25mm long, the corolla pinkish purple and 2-lipped, the upper lip with 4 teeth; borne in open, leafy spikes (May-Sep). FRUITS are inflated capsules. LEAVES are feathery and deeply divided into toothed lobes. STATUS-Widespread and locally common, least so in E England.
    129925.jpg
  • PITCHERPLANT Sarracaenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae) Height less than 40cm. Bizarre-looking insectivorous perennial of bogs. FLOWERS are 5cm across, purple and nodding; on long stalks (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are 10-15cm long, shaped like pitchers; insects are digested by enzyme-rich liquid contained within.
    111003.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    144452.jpg
  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
    144454.jpg
  • COMMON BUTTERWORT Pinguicula vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae) Height to 15cm. Stickily-hairy carnivorous perennial that grows in bogs and damp flushes. FLOWERS are 12-14mm across, the corolla is violet with a white throat, funnel-shaped with spreading lobes to the lower lip, and a 4-7mm-long spur; borne on slender stems (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are yellow-green, sticky and can trap and digest insects; borne as a basal rosette. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in N and W.
    144465.jpg
  • CROSS-LEAVED HEATH Erica tetralix (Ericaceae) Height to 30cm. Downy, grey-green undershrub that favours damp, acid soils. It is the characteristic plant of the waterlogged margins of many heathland and moorland bogs. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, rather globular and pink; borne in rather compact, terminal and 1-sides clusters (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are downy capsules. LEAVES are narrow, fringed with hairs and borne in whorls of 4 along the stems. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region, but always in wetter locations than Ling or Bell Heather.
    144474.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    132395.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    132440.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    143891.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    145814.jpg
  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
    156680.jpg
  • Cross-leaved heath - Erica tetralix (Ericaceae) Height to 30cm. Downy, grey-green undershrub that favours damp, acid soils. It is the characteristic plant of the waterlogged margins of many heathland and moorland bogs. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, rather globular and pink; borne in rather compact, terminal and 1-sides clusters (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are downy capsules. LEAVES are narrow, fringed with hairs and borne in whorls of 4 along the stems. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region, but always in wetter locations than Ling or Bell Heather.
    155457.jpg
  • Dwarf Birch Betula nana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 1m<br />
A low-growing and often rather prostrate undershrub. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Short and upright or spreading, with stiff, hairy twigs. LEAVES Rather rounded, 6-8mm across, coarsely toothed and hairy when young, smooth and hairless when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, females covered with three-lobed scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A northern, tundra species in global terms, confined in our region as a native plant to the Scottish Highlands. Here, it grows on upland heaths and in bogs and is tolerant of both waterlogged and relatively free-draining peaty soils.
    135025.jpg
  • Dwarf Birch Betula nana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 1m<br />
A low-growing and often rather prostrate undershrub. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Short and upright or spreading, with stiff, hairy twigs. LEAVES Rather rounded, 6-8mm across, coarsely toothed and hairy when young, smooth and hairless when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, females covered with three-lobed scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A northern, tundra species in global terms, confined in our region as a native plant to the Scottish Highlands. Here, it grows on upland heaths and in bogs and is tolerant of both waterlogged and relatively free-draining peaty soils.
    134924.jpg
  • MARSH VIOLET Viola palustris (Violaceae) Height to 15cm<br />
Distinctive, hairless perennial with creeping runners. Found in bogs and marshy places on acid soils. FLOWERS are 10-15mm across with rounded, dark-veined, pale lilac petals and a blunt, pale spur (Apr-Jul). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES are kidney-shaped and long-stalked. STATUS-Widespread but local; commonest in N and W.
    137703.jpg
  • COMMON BUTTERWORT Pinguicula vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae) Height to 15cm. Stickily-hairy carnivorous perennial that grows in bogs and damp flushes. FLOWERS are 12-14mm across, the corolla is violet with a white throat, funnel-shaped with spreading lobes to the lower lip, and a 4-7mm-long spur; borne on slender stems (May-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are yellow-green, sticky and can trap and digest insects; borne as a basal rosette. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in N and W.
    131719.jpg
  • SCOTTISH ASPHODEL Tofieldia pusilla (Liliaceae) Height to 20cm. Upright, delicate and hairless perennial that is easy to overlook. Grows in damp ground and bogs, mainly in mountain regions. FLOWERS are 2-3mm across and greenish white with 3 blunt lobes; borne in dense, rounded spikes on slender stems (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are iris-like and borne in a flat, basal fan. STATUS-Restricted to Scottish Highlands (where it is fairly widespread) and Upper Teesdale.
    131669.jpg
  • LARGE-FLOWERED BUTTERWORT Pinguicula grandiflora (Lentibulariaceae) Height to 20cm. Stickily-hairy carnivorous perennial that grows in bogs and damp flushes among rocks. FLOWERS are 25-30mm across, the corolla violet with a purple-streaked white throat, a 10-12mm-long spur and overlapping lobes to the lower lip; borne on slender stems (May-Jul). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are yellow-green, sticky and borne as a basal rosette. STATUS-Native to SW Ireland but introduced to Devon and Cornwall.
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  • GREAT SUNDEW Drosera anglica (Droseraceae) Height to 30cm. Insectivorous plant of waterlogged peat bogs and moors. FLOWERS are white; borne in spikes on stalks that twice the length of the leaves (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are reddish, narrow, tapering and 3cm long; covered in sticky hairs and appear as a basal rosette. STATUS-Locally common in N and W, but generally scarce elsewhere.
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  • IRISH HEATH Erica erigena (Height to 2m) is hairless shrub with leaves arranged in 4s. The flowers are pink, 5-7mm long, and similar to those of Cornish Heath; they are borne in long spikes in spring (Mar-May), not late summer. The plant is very locally common in the W, growing on the drier margins of bogs. It grows nowhere else in our region.
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  • CROSS-LEAVED HEATH Erica tetralix (Ericaceae) Height to 30cm. Downy, grey-green undershrub that favours damp, acid soils. It is the characteristic plant of the waterlogged margins of many heathland and moorland bogs. FLOWERS are 6-7mm long, rather globular and pink; borne in rather compact, terminal and 1-sides clusters (Jun-Oct). FRUITS are downy capsules. LEAVES are narrow, fringed with hairs and borne in whorls of 4 along the stems. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region, but always in wetter locations than Ling or Bell Heather.
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  • PITCHERPLANT Sarracaenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae)  Height less than 40cm. Bizarre-looking insectivorous perennial of bogs. FLOWERS are 5cm across, purple and nodding; on long stalks (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are 10-15cm long, shaped like pitchers; insects are digested by enzyme-rich liquid contained within.
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  • PALE BUTTERWORT Pinguicula lusitanica (Lentibulariaceae)  Height less than 10cm. Charming, delicate and stickily-hairy carnivorous perennial of damp heaths and bogs. FLOWERS are 7-9mm across, the corolla pale pinkish lilac with a short spur; borne on slender stems arising from basal rosette of leaves (Jul-Sep). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are yellowish green (sometimes bronzed) with inrolled margins, sticky and trap and digest insects.
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  • WHITE BEAK-SEDGE Rhynchospora alba (Cyperaceae) Height to 40cm. Tufted perennial of bogs and wet heaths on acid soils. FLOWERS are spikelets that are whitish at first; in flat-topped terminal clusters with a narrow bract (Jun-Sep). FRUITS appear similar to flowers. LEAVES are pale green and arise at base of plant and on stem. STATUS-Very local in S Britain but widespread in Scotland and W Ireland.
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  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
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  • GREAT SUNDEW Drosera anglica (Droseraceae) Height to 30cm. Insectivorous plant of waterlogged peat bogs and moors. FLOWERS are white; borne in spikes on stalks that twice the length of the leaves (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are reddish, narrow, tapering and 3cm long; covered in sticky hairs and appear as a basal rosette. STATUS-Locally common in N and W, but generally scarce elsewhere.
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  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
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  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
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  • Snipe Gallinago gallinago L 25-28cm. Distinctive, even in silhouette: has dumpy body, rather short legs and very long, straight bill. Feeds by probing bill in a sewing machine-like manner. Sexes and ages are similar. Adult and juvenile have mainly buffish brown upperparts, beautifully patterned with black and white lines and bars. Note distinctive stripes on head, streaked and barred breast and flanks, and white underparts. Voice Utters one or two sneeze-like kreech calls when flushed. Performs ‘drumming’ display in breeding season: sound caused by vibrating tail feathers. Status Locally common and invariably associated with boggy ground. In breeding season, favours marshes, meadows and moorland bogs. Winter numbers boosted by migrants and then found on wide range of wetland habitats. Sadly, tens of thousands of birds are shot each year.
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  • Dwarf Birch Betula nana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 1m<br />
A low-growing and often rather prostrate undershrub. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Short and upright or spreading, with stiff, hairy twigs. LEAVES Rather rounded, 6-8mm across, coarsely toothed and hairy when young, smooth and hairless when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, females covered with three-lobed scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A northern, tundra species in global terms, confined in our region as a native plant to the Scottish Highlands. Here, it grows on upland heaths and in bogs and is tolerant of both waterlogged and relatively free-draining peaty soils.
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  • MARSH GENTIAN Gentiana pneumonanthe (Gentianaceae) Height to 30cm. Scarce and attractive, hairless perennial of bogs and damp, grassy heaths on acid soils. FLOWERS are 25-45mm long, trumpet-shaped and bright blue, the outside of the corolla tube being marked with 5 green stripes; borne in terminal clusters (Jul-Oct). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are narrow, blunt, 1-veined and borne up the stem in opposite pairs. STATUS-Local, with scattered sites in England and Wales.
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  • LOUSEWORT Pedicularis sylvatica (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 20cm. Spreading and hairless perennial with numerous branching stems. Semi-parasitic on the roots of other plants. Grows on damp heaths and moors, and in bogs, usually on acid soils. FLOWERS are 20-25mm long, the corolla pale pink and 2-lipped, the upper lip with 2 teeth; borne in few-flowered leafy spikes (Apr-Jul). FRUITS are inflated capsules. LEAVES are feathery and divided into toothed leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout the region in suitable habitats.
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  • BOGBEAN Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae) Height to 15cm. Distinctive, creeping aquatic perennial that is found in shallow water as well as damp peaty soil in marshes, fens and bogs. FLOWERS are 15mm across, star-shaped, pinkish white with 5, fringed petal lobes; borne in spikes up to 25cm long (Mar-Jun). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are trifoliate; emergent ones have the texture and appearance of Broad Bean leaves. STATUS-Widespread and locally common throughout.
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  • Dwarf Birch Betula nana (Betulaceae) HEIGHT to 1m<br />
A low-growing and often rather prostrate undershrub. BARK Reddish brown. BRANCHES Short and upright or spreading, with stiff, hairy twigs. LEAVES Rather rounded, 6-8mm across, coarsely toothed and hairy when young, smooth and hairless when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Catkins, females covered with three-lobed scales. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A northern, tundra species in global terms, confined in our region as a native plant to the Scottish Highlands. Here, it grows on upland heaths and in bogs and is tolerant of both waterlogged and relatively free-draining peaty soils.
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  • GREATER TUSSOCK-SEDGE Carex paniculata (Cyperaceae) Height to 1m. Distinctive, coarsely hairy perennial of marshes and fens, recognised throughout the year by the large tussocks that it forms. FLOWERS are brown and borne in a dense, terminal spikes 5-15cm long (May-Jun). FRUITS are ribbed with a winged beak. LEAVES are narrow and up to 1.2m long. STATUS-Widespread and locally common, mainly in S.
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  • Cross-leaved heath - Erica tetralix
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  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 18m. Slender, conical to columnar deciduous tree. BARK Grey and ridged in older specimens. BRANCHES Horizontal but curving down sharply at tips, and fine shoots that curved upwards with small clasping leaves and give a knotted-cord look. Deciduous shoots are shed in autumn. There is a fine display of autumn colours, starting orange and turning brown. LEAVES Pale green and 8mm long; arranged spirally. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellowish-green, hanging catkins up to 20cm long. Female flowers are produced on the same tree at base of male catkins, first appearing in autumn, but not opening until spring. Rounded cones up to 3cm long are green at first but ripen brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the SE USA, growing in wet ground by ponds and swampy ground. Introduced into Britain, where it succeeds only in warmer parts of the south.
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  • Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 18m. Slender, conical to columnar deciduous tree. BARK Grey and ridged in older specimens. BRANCHES Horizontal but curving down sharply at tips, and fine shoots that curved upwards with small clasping leaves and give a knotted-cord look. Deciduous shoots are shed in autumn. There is a fine display of autumn colours, starting orange and turning brown. LEAVES Pale green and 8mm long; arranged spirally. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellowish-green, hanging catkins up to 20cm long. Female flowers are produced on the same tree at base of male catkins, first appearing in autumn, but not opening until spring. Rounded cones up to 3cm long are green at first but ripen brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the SE USA, growing in wet ground by ponds and swampy ground. Introduced into Britain, where it succeeds only in warmer parts of the south.
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  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • Scottish Asphodel - Toefieldia pusilla
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  • YELLOW IRIS Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae) Height to 1m. Familiar and robust perennial that grows in pond margins and marshes, and on river banks. FLOWERS are 8-10cm across and bright yellow with faint purplish veins; borne in clusters of 2-3 flowers (May-Aug). FRUITS are oblong and 3-sided. LEAVES are grey-green, sword shaped and often wrinkled. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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  • Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 18m. Slender, conical to columnar deciduous tree. BARK Grey and ridged in older specimens. BRANCHES Horizontal but curving down sharply at tips, and fine shoots that curved upwards with small clasping leaves and give a knotted-cord look. Deciduous shoots are shed in autumn. There is a fine display of autumn colours, starting orange and turning brown. LEAVES Pale green and 8mm long; arranged spirally. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellowish-green, hanging catkins up to 20cm long. Female flowers are produced on the same tree at base of male catkins, first appearing in autumn, but not opening until spring. Rounded cones up to 3cm long are green at first but ripen brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the SE USA, growing in wet ground by ponds and swampy ground. Introduced into Britain, where it succeeds only in warmer parts of the south.
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  • Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 18m. Slender, conical to columnar deciduous tree. BARK Grey and ridged in older specimens. BRANCHES Horizontal but curving down sharply at tips, and fine shoots that curved upwards with small clasping leaves and give a knotted-cord look. Deciduous shoots are shed in autumn. There is a fine display of autumn colours, starting orange and turning brown. LEAVES Pale green and 8mm long; arranged spirally. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are yellowish-green, hanging catkins up to 20cm long. Female flowers are produced on the same tree at base of male catkins, first appearing in autumn, but not opening until spring. Rounded cones up to 3cm long are green at first but ripen brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the SE USA, growing in wet ground by ponds and swampy ground. Introduced into Britain, where it succeeds only in warmer parts of the south.
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  • IRISH LADY’S TRESSES Spiranthes romanzoffiana (Orchidaceae) Height to 25cm. Upright perennial that grows in waterlogged grassland and marshes. FLOWERS are greenish white and are borne in a triple spiral up the stem, creating a rather conical spike (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are egg-shaped. LEAVES appear as a basal rosette of narrowly oval leaves, and more lanceolate ones up the stem. STATUS-Rare and restricted to SW and N Ireland, NW Scotland, with an outpost on Dartmoor.
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  • Reed Sweet-grass (Glyceria maxima) HEIGHT to 2m. Impressive plant of shallow fresh water and marshy ground, often forming large patches. FLOWERS In a large inflorescence that is much branched with narrow spikelets (July-Aug). FRUITS Small, dry nutlets. LEAVES Bright green, long, 2cm wide, with a dark mark at the junction.
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  • Lesser Pond Sedge (Carex acutiformis) HEIGHT to 1.2m. Creeping, mat-forming perennial of marshes and the margins of ponds and streams. FLOWERS Comprising 2-3 brownish male spikes above 3-4 yellowish-green femalespikes; spikes usually unstalked (June-July). FRUITS Green, egg-shaped but flattened, narrowing to a beak. LEAVES Long, bluish grey, rough.
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  • COMMON COTTONGRASS Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) Height to 75cm. Upright perennial, distinctive when in fruit. Grows in very boggy ground with peaty, acid soils. FLOWERS are in inflorescences of drooping, stalked spikelets (Apr-May). FRUITS are dark brown with cottony hairs; fruiting heads resemble balls of cotton wool. LEAVES are dark green and narrow. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago
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  • Irish Lady's-tresses - Spiranthes romanzoffiana
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  • MARSH SPEEDWELL Veronica scutellata (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 20cm. Delicate and downy or hairless perennial with both creeping and upright stems. Grows in damp, often boggy ground, especially on acid soils. FLOWERS are 6-7mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and pale pink or white, with dark lines; borne on stalks in open spikes (Jun-Aug). FRUITS is a flattened, notched capsule that is broader than it is tall. LEAVES are narrow, lanceolate and 2-4cm long. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae)  Height less than 20cm<br />
Insectivorous plant of boggy heaths and moors. FLOWERS are white; borne in spikes on stalks that are much longer than leaves (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are capsules. LEAVES are reddish, rounded, stalked and 1cm across; covered with sticky hairs that trap insects and appear as a basal rosette.
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  • Cranberry - Vaccinium oxycoccus
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  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago
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  • Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago
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  • MARSH SPEEDWELL Veronica scutellata (Scrophulariaceae) Height to 20cm. Delicate and downy or hairless perennial with both creeping and upright stems. Grows in damp, often boggy ground, especially on acid soils. FLOWERS are 6-7mm across, the corolla 4-lobed and pale pink or white, with dark lines; borne on stalks in open spikes (Jun-Aug). FRUITS is a flattened, notched capsule that is broader than it is tall. LEAVES are narrow, lanceolate and 2-4cm long. STATUS-Locally common throughout.
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  • Marsh Gentian - Gentiana pneumonanthe
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  • Marsh Gentian - Gentiana pneumonanthe
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