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  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133028.jpg
  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133030.jpg
  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133027.jpg
  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133029.jpg
  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133031.jpg
  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133032.jpg
  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133033.jpg
  • Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis Length to 2m Large bear with a grizzled brown coat. Once widespread west of the Rockies, now confined to Northwest.
    133034.jpg
  • Polar Bear Ursus maritimus Length 2.5-3m, weight 350-650kg The largest land predator, quite capable of competent swimming. Fur is white, often stained yellowish. Feeds mainly on seals and adapted to life associated with pack ice.
    118578.jpg
  • Polar Bear Ursus maritimus Length 2.5-3m, weight 350-650kg The largest land predator, quite capable of competent swimming. Fur is white, often stained yellowish. Feeds mainly on seals and adapted to life associated with pack ice.
    120416.jpg
  • Polar Bear Ursus maritimus Length 2.5-3m, weight 350-650kg The largest land predator, quite capable of competent swimming. Fur is white, often stained yellowish. Feeds mainly on seals and adapted to life associated with pack ice.
    139688.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus - adult female with young
    159533.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus - young cub. Jasper National Park, Canada.
    159534.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus
    159507.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus
    159946.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus
    159947.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus. Jasper National Park, Canada.
    159538.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus - adult female
    159537.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus - young cub. Jasper National Park, Canada.
    159535.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus - young cubs. Jasper National Park, Canada.
    159536.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus - adult female
    159532.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus - adult female
    159531.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus
    159529.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus
    159503.jpg
  • Black Bear - Ursus americanus
    159502.jpg
  • European Brown Bear - Ursus arctos arctos
    163234.jpg
  • Eurasian Brown Bear - Ursus arctos
    163174.jpg
  • River Bear Wolf Spider, Arctosa cinerea - female in burrow in river gravel
    155038.jpg
  • Autumn Hawkbit - Leontodon autumnalis. Variable hairless or slightly hairy perennial. Grows in dry, grassy places, mostly on acid soils. FLOWERS are borne in heads, 15-35mm across, with yellow florets; the involucre tapers gradually to the stem that bears numerous scale-like bracts below the head (Jun-Oct). Flowering stems branch 2-3 times. FRUITS form a white clock. LEAVES are oblong and deeply pinnately lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    157365.jpg
  • Tompot Blenny Parablennius gattorugine Length to 25cm<br />
Impressive and colourful blenny. Found on rocky coasts, on lower shore and sublittoral. Adult has similar shape overall to Blenny but stouter body and striking dorsal fin that starts further forward and lacks obvious dip in middle. Head bears pair of frilly tentacles. Colour is variable but usually marbled reddish-brown and buff with dark bands. Locally common, SW only.
    142127.jpg
  • Tompot Blenny Parablennius gattorugine Length to 25cm<br />
Impressive and colourful blenny. Found on rocky coasts, on lower shore and sublittoral. Adult has similar shape overall to Blenny but stouter body and striking dorsal fin that starts further forward and lacks obvious dip in middle. Head bears pair of frilly tentacles. Colour is variable but usually marbled reddish-brown and buff with dark bands. Locally common, SW only.
    142185.jpg
  • Tompot Blenny Parablennius gattorugine Length to 25cm<br />
Impressive and colourful blenny. Found on rocky coasts, on lower shore and sublittoral. Adult has similar shape overall to Blenny but stouter body and striking dorsal fin that starts further forward and lacks obvious dip in middle. Head bears pair of frilly tentacles. Colour is variable but usually marbled reddish-brown and buff with dark bands. Locally common, SW only.
    142128.jpg
  • AUTUMN HAWKBIT Leontodon autumnalis (Asteraceae) Height to 25cm. Variable hairless or slightly hairy perennial. Grows in dry, grassy places, mostly on acid soils. FLOWERS are borne in heads, 15-35mm across, with yellow florets; the involucre tapers gradually to the stem that bears numerous scale-like bracts below the head (Jun-Oct). Flowering stems branch 2-3 times. FRUITS form a white clock. LEAVES are oblong and deeply pinnately lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    129776.jpg
  • AUTUMN HAWKBIT Leontodon autumnalis (Asteraceae) Height to 25cm. Variable hairless or slightly hairy perennial. Grows in dry, grassy places, mostly on acid soils. FLOWERS are borne in heads, 15-35mm across, with yellow florets; the involucre tapers gradually to the stem that bears numerous scale-like bracts below the head (Jun-Oct). Flowering stems branch 2-3 times. FRUITS form a white clock. LEAVES are oblong and deeply pinnately lobed. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    129742.jpg
  • Swamp Cypress Taxodium distichum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Deciduous conifer, conical at first, becoming broader and domed with maturity. When growing in or near water, fluted trunk is surrounded by emergent ‘breathing roots’ (likened by some to knobbly knees) characteristic of this species. BARK Pale reddish-brown, peeling in thin fibrous strips. BRANCHES Upright or spreading in older trees, carrying 2 types of shoots: long shoots bear spirally arranged leaves, and alternate side-shoots bear flattened leaves set in 2 ranks. LEAVES Alternate, up to 2cm long, and pale green; a greyish band on the underside has a fine midrib. A mature tree colours well in autumn before shedding its needles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones produced in slender, branching clusters up to 15cm long at end of 1-year-old shoots. Female cones are globose and woody, on short stalks, ripening purplish-brown in first year. Each scale has a small curved spine in the centre. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and SE USA, planted here for ornament.
    135032.jpg
  • Swamp Cypress Taxodium distichum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Deciduous conifer, conical at first, becoming broader and domed with maturity. When growing in or near water, fluted trunk is surrounded by emergent ‘breathing roots’ (likened by some to knobbly knees) characteristic of this species. BARK Pale reddish-brown, peeling in thin fibrous strips. BRANCHES Upright or spreading in older trees, carrying 2 types of shoots: long shoots bear spirally arranged leaves, and alternate side-shoots bear flattened leaves set in 2 ranks. LEAVES Alternate, up to 2cm long, and pale green; a greyish band on the underside has a fine midrib. A mature tree colours well in autumn before shedding its needles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones produced in slender, branching clusters up to 15cm long at end of 1-year-old shoots. Female cones are globose and woody, on short stalks, ripening purplish-brown in first year. Each scale has a small curved spine in the centre. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and SE USA, planted here for ornament.
    135026.jpg
  • Swamp Cypress Taxodium distichum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Deciduous conifer, conical at first, becoming broader and domed with maturity. When growing in or near water, fluted trunk is surrounded by emergent ‘breathing roots’ (likened by some to knobbly knees) characteristic of this species. BARK Pale reddish-brown, peeling in thin fibrous strips. BRANCHES Upright or spreading in older trees, carrying 2 types of shoots: long shoots bear spirally arranged leaves, and alternate side-shoots bear flattened leaves set in 2 ranks. LEAVES Alternate, up to 2cm long, and pale green; a greyish band on the underside has a fine midrib. A mature tree colours well in autumn before shedding its needles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones produced in slender, branching clusters up to 15cm long at end of 1-year-old shoots. Female cones are globose and woody, on short stalks, ripening purplish-brown in first year. Each scale has a small curved spine in the centre. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and SE USA, planted here for ornament.
    134583.jpg
  • Swamp Cypress Taxodium distichum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Deciduous conifer, conical at first, becoming broader and domed with maturity. When growing in or near water, fluted trunk is surrounded by emergent ‘breathing roots’ (likened by some to knobbly knees) characteristic of this species. BARK Pale reddish-brown, peeling in thin fibrous strips. BRANCHES Upright or spreading in older trees, carrying 2 types of shoots: long shoots bear spirally arranged leaves, and alternate side-shoots bear flattened leaves set in 2 ranks. LEAVES Alternate, up to 2cm long, and pale green; a greyish band on the underside has a fine midrib. A mature tree colours well in autumn before shedding its needles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones produced in slender, branching clusters up to 15cm long at end of 1-year-old shoots. Female cones are globose and woody, on short stalks, ripening purplish-brown in first year. Each scale has a small curved spine in the centre. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and SE USA, planted here for ornament.
    132628.jpg
  • Swamp Cypress Taxodium distichum (Taxodiaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Deciduous conifer, conical at first, becoming broader and domed with maturity. When growing in or near water, fluted trunk is surrounded by emergent ‘breathing roots’ (likened by some to knobbly knees) characteristic of this species. BARK Pale reddish-brown, peeling in thin fibrous strips. BRANCHES Upright or spreading in older trees, carrying 2 types of shoots: long shoots bear spirally arranged leaves, and alternate side-shoots bear flattened leaves set in 2 ranks. LEAVES Alternate, up to 2cm long, and pale green; a greyish band on the underside has a fine midrib. A mature tree colours well in autumn before shedding its needles. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones produced in slender, branching clusters up to 15cm long at end of 1-year-old shoots. Female cones are globose and woody, on short stalks, ripening purplish-brown in first year. Each scale has a small curved spine in the centre. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of S and SE USA, planted here for ornament.
    132625.jpg
  • Goat Willow (Sallow) - Salix caprea (Salicaceae). HEIGHT to 12m. Depending on its situation this may be a multi-branched, dense, shrubby tree, or a taller tree with a straight, ridged stem and sparsely domed crown. SHOOTS Thick, stiff twigs are hairy at first, but become smoother and yellowish-brown with age. If the twigs have the bark peeled off they are smooth. (Compare with Grey Willow.) LEAVES Large, up to 12cm long and oval, with a short twisted point at the tip. The upper surface is dull green and slightly hairy, the lower surface is noticeably grey and woolly. The leaf margins have small, irregular teeth, and the short petiole sometimes has 2 ear-like sinuous stipules at its base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female catkins, on separate trees, appear before the leaves, often very early in the spring in sheltered places. Measuring up to 2.5cm long, they are ovoid and covered with greyish silky hairs before opening; at this time, Goat Willow is often called ‘Pussy Willow’ because the silky-grey buds bear a fanciful resemblance to cats’ paws. When they open, the male catkins become bright yellow. Female catkins are greener and produce numerous silky-haired seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native species in Britain and Ireland, occurring in woods, hedgerows and scrub, and often in drier places than other similar species.Goat Willow (Sallow) Salix caprea (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Depending on its situation this may be a multi-branched, dense, shrubby tree, or a taller tree with a straight, ridged stem and sparsely domed crown. SHOOTS Thick, stiff twigs are hairy at first, but become smoother and yellowish-brown with age. If the twigs have the bark peeled off they are smooth. (Compare with Grey Willow.) LEAVES Large, up to 12cm long and oval, with a short twisted point at the tip. The upper surface is dull green and slightly hairy, the lower surface is noticeably grey and woolly. The leaf margins have small, irregular teeth, and the sho
    157425.jpg
  • Caucasian Wingnut Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Spreading tree with domed crown and stout bole from which many branches arise close to same point. Suckers freely. BARK Grey, fissured and gnarled. LEAVES Compound, with 11–20 pairs of leaflets, each to 18cm long, ovate to lanceolate with a pointed tip and toothed margins. Midribs bear stellate hairs on underside. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins solitary, female catkins pendent with many flowers and give rise to broad-winged nutlets. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, planted here for ornament.
    135175.jpg
  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
    135081.jpg
  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
    135072.jpg
  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
    135000.jpg
  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
    134998.jpg
  • Common Walnut Juglans regia Juglandaceae Height to 30m <br />
Spreading, domed tree. Bark Brown at first, grey and fissured with age. Branches Lowest ones spreading; twisted twigs bear purple-brown buds. Leaves Compound, with 7–9 leaflets, to 15cm long; thick and leathery. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow, to 15cm long; female flowers small, greenish. Fruits green, rounded, to 5cm across, encasing edible Walnut seed. Status Cultivated since Roman times.
    134908.jpg
  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
    132807.jpg
  • Rauli Nothofagus procera (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m <br />
Attractive, conical tree with a stout bole and striking autumn foliage. BARK Grey, with vertical plates. BRANCHES Lower branches are usually level, upper branches are more ascending. Thick, green twigs, which darken with age, bear pointed and reddish-brown buds, about 1cm long. LEAVES Alternate, to 8cm long and rather pointed at tip. Margin is wavy, minutely toothed and, on underside, the 15–22 pairs of veins are covered with fine silky hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers occur on same tree. Males solitary and grow in leaf axils, female flowers are also usually solitary and give rise to 4-lobed hairy capsules containing 3 shiny brown nuts. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chile, introduced here early in 20th century and found in parks, gardens and commercial plantations.
    132746.jpg
  • Caucasian Wingnut Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Spreading tree with domed crown and stout bole from which many branches arise close to same point. Suckers freely. BARK Grey, fissured and gnarled. LEAVES Compound, with 11–20 pairs of leaflets, each to 18cm long, ovate to lanceolate with a pointed tip and toothed margins. Midribs bear stellate hairs on underside. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins solitary, female catkins pendent with many flowers and give rise to broad-winged nutlets. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, planted here for ornament.
    132526.jpg
  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
    124948.jpg
  • Maidenhair Tree Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) HEIGHT to 28m<br />
Tall, slender to slightly conical deciduous tree with one main trunk. BARK Grey-brown, corky and deeply ridged in mature trees. BRANCHES spreading with long, greenish-brown shoots, which in turn bear shorter brown shoots. LEAVES Yellowish-green to dark-green, fan-shaped, divided at least once and up to 10-12cm long; radiating veins reach margins. Leaves on long shoots widely separated; those on the short shoots close-packed. FLOWERS Male catkins yellow, in small upright clusters; female flowers grow singly on a 5cm-long pedicel. Flowers seldom seen in Britain; most mature trees in our region are male. FRUITS to 3cm long and usually ovoid, containing a single seed inside a harder shell. Green at first, yellowing with age, becoming foul-smelling. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chekiang Province of China. Endangered in the wild but widely cultivated.
    104341.jpg
  • THALE CRESS Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) Height to 50cm. Distinctive annual of dry, sandy soils; often on paths. FLOWERS are 3mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal clusters (Mar-Oct). FRUITS are cylindrical and 20mm long. LEAVES are broadly-toothed, oval and form a basal rosette; upright flowering stems also bear a few, small leaves. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common in lowland areas.
    133739.jpg
  • SWEET-BRIAR Rosa rubiginosa (Rosaceae) Height to 3m<br />
Compact shrub with upright stems that bear short, curved thorns, bristles and glands. Found in hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 2-3cm across and pink; in clusters of up to 3 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are ovoid, red hips with persisting sepals. LEAVES have 5-7 oval, toothed and sweet-smelling leaflets. STATUS-Locally common in S.
    132335.jpg
  • THALE CRESS Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) Height to 50cm. Distinctive annual of dry, sandy soils; often on paths. FLOWERS are 3mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal clusters (Mar-Oct). FRUITS are cylindrical and 20mm long. LEAVES are broadly-toothed, oval and form a basal rosette; upright flowering stems also bear a few, small leaves. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common in lowland areas.
    131893.jpg
  • THALE CRESS Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) Height to 50cm. Distinctive annual of dry, sandy soils; often on paths. FLOWERS are 3mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal clusters (Mar-Oct). FRUITS are cylindrical and 20mm long. LEAVES are broadly-toothed, oval and form a basal rosette; upright flowering stems also bear a few, small leaves. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common in lowland areas.
    131888.jpg
  • STONE BRAMBLE Rubus saxatilis (Rosaceae) Height to 40cm<br />
Creeping perennial with slender stems that either bear weak prickles, or none at all. Favours rocky ground. FLOWERS are 5-10mm across with 5 narrow, white petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are shiny and red with 2-6 segments. LEAVES are trifoliate with toothed leaflets that are downy below. STATUS-Locally common, but mainly in W and N.
    131690.jpg
  • RASPBERRY Rubus idaeus (Rosaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Upright perennial with biennial, arching stems that bear weak thorns. FLOWERS are 1cm across with 5 white petals; in clusters of up to 10 flowers (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are red, with many segments. LEAVES are pinnately divided with 3-7 leaflets that are downy below. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common throughout.
    130959.jpg
  • JAPANESE ROSE Rosa rugosa (Rosaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Showy shrub with upright stems that bear rather straight thorns. FLOWERS are 6-9cm across with 5 pinkish purple or white petals (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are spherical, red hips, 2-5cm across. LEAVES comprise 5-9 oval leaflets that are shiny above. STATUS-Widely planted beside roads and often naturalised elsewhere.
    130871.jpg
  • FOOL’S WATERCRESS Apium nodiflorum (Apiaceae) Height to 20cm. Creeping perennial whose leaves bear a passing resemblance to Watercress. Could also be confused with Lesser Water Parsnip (pxxx). Roots at nodes of lower stems; upright stems are hollow. Found in ditches and wet hollows. FLOWERS are white; borne in open umbels (Jul-Aug). FRUITS are egg-shaped and ridged. LEAVES are shiny and pinnate with oval, toothed leaflets STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
    130532.jpg
  • Common Walnut - Juglans regia. Juglandaceae Height to 30m <br />
Spreading, domed tree. Bark Brown at first, grey and fissured with age. Branches Lowest ones spreading; twisted twigs bear purple-brown buds. Leaves Compound, with 7–9 leaflets, to 15cm long; thick and leathery. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow, to 15cm long; female flowers small, greenish. Fruits green, rounded, to 5cm across, encasing edible Walnut seed. Status Cultivated since Roman times.
    157503.jpg
  • Common Walnut - Juglans regia Juglandaceae Height to 30m <br />
Spreading, domed tree. Bark Brown at first, grey and fissured with age. Branches Lowest ones spreading; twisted twigs bear purple-brown buds. Leaves Compound, with 7–9 leaflets, to 15cm long; thick and leathery. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow, to 15cm long; female flowers small, greenish. Fruits green, rounded, to 5cm across, encasing edible Walnut seed. Status Cultivated since Roman times.
    157485.jpg
  • Common Pear (Cultivated Pear) - Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. A normally upright and slender deciduous tree with a stout bole and a dense framework unless pruned. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES Ascending in young trees, but becoming more spreading in older specimens; some branches may bear a few spines. Young twigs are reddish-brown and sparsely hairy, but they become smoother with age. LEAVES Up to 8cm long, and usually oval to elliptic in shape, but there is always some variation; the margins have numerous small teeth, and the leaves are smooth and almost glossy when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are pure white and open before the leaves have fully expanded, typically two to four weeks earlier and cultivated apples flower in the same location. A pear orchard is a spectacular sight on a sunny spring day. The pear-shaped fruits may be up to 12cm long, with a soft, but slightly gritty, sweet-tasting flesh. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of western Asia originally, but cultivated for millennia and now widespread across Europe, including Britain and Ireland
    157448.jpg
  • Goat Willow (Sallow) - Salix caprea (Salicaceae). HEIGHT to 12m. Depending on its situation this may be a multi-branched, dense, shrubby tree, or a taller tree with a straight, ridged stem and sparsely domed crown. SHOOTS Thick, stiff twigs are hairy at first, but become smoother and yellowish-brown with age. If the twigs have the bark peeled off they are smooth. (Compare with Grey Willow.) LEAVES Large, up to 12cm long and oval, with a short twisted point at the tip. The upper surface is dull green and slightly hairy, the lower surface is noticeably grey and woolly. The leaf margins have small, irregular teeth, and the short petiole sometimes has 2 ear-like sinuous stipules at its base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female catkins, on separate trees, appear before the leaves, often very early in the spring in sheltered places. Measuring up to 2.5cm long, they are ovoid and covered with greyish silky hairs before opening; at this time, Goat Willow is often called ‘Pussy Willow’ because the silky-grey buds bear a fanciful resemblance to cats’ paws. When they open, the male catkins become bright yellow. Female catkins are greener and produce numerous silky-haired seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native species in Britain and Ireland, occurring in woods, hedgerows and scrub, and often in drier places than other similar species.
    157426.jpg
  • Dog Rose - Rosa canina. Height to 3m. Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    157361.jpg
  • Cobweb Beetle larva - Ctesias serrais. On cobweb of Tegenaria. Protected by its long hairs against the spiders whose cobwebs it frequents looking for the dry remains of insects left by the spiders. It is a relative of the well known Woolly Bear Carpet Beetle larvae.
    157119.jpg
  • Cobweb Beetle larva - Ctesias serrais. Protected by its long hairs against the spiders whose cobwebs it frequents looking for the dry remains of insects left by the spiders. It is a relative of the well known Woolly Bear Carpet Beetle larvae.
    157118.jpg
  • Cobweb Beetle larva - Ctesias serrais. Protected by its long hairs against the spiders whose cobwebs it frequents looking for the dry remains of insects left by the spiders. It is a relative of the well known Woolly Bear Carpet Beetle larvae.
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  • Goat Willow (Sallow) Salix caprea (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Depending on its situation this may be a multi-branched, dense, shrubby tree, or a taller tree with a straight, ridged stem and sparsely domed crown. SHOOTS Thick, stiff twigs are hairy at first, but become smoother and yellowish-brown with age. If the twigs have the bark peeled off they are smooth. (Compare with Grey Willow.) LEAVES Large, up to 12cm long and oval, with a short twisted point at the tip. The upper surface is dull green and slightly hairy, the lower surface is noticeably grey and woolly. The leaf margins have small, irregular teeth, and the short petiole sometimes has 2 ear-like sinuous stipules at its base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female catkins, on separate trees, appear before the leaves, often very early in the spring in sheltered places. Measuring up to 2.5cm long, they are ovoid and covered with greyish silky hairs before opening; at this time, Goat Willow is often called ‘Pussy Willow’ because the silky-grey buds bear a fanciful resemblance to cats’ paws. When they open, the male catkins become bright yellow. Female catkins are greener and produce numerous silky-haired seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native species in Britain and Ireland, occurring in woods, hedgerows and scrub, and often in drier places than other similar species.
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  • Yellow-Striped Bear Spider - Arctosa fulvolineata. A Wolf Spider specialist of saltmarshes.  It inhabits the upper shore amongst high tideline vegetation and debris. A Biodiversity Acton Plan RDB3 species in the UK as it is very rare and potentially vulnerable.
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  • Bright-line Brown-eye Lacanobia oleracea Length 19-21mm. A richly-marked moth with an unimaginatively descriptive name. It rests with wings held flat. Adult has brown forewings with a submarginal<br />
jagged white line near the outer edge, indented to form the letter W along its length; the wings also bear an orange kidney-shaped mark and white-ringed circular spot. Flies May-July. Larva feeds on oraches and goosefoots. Widespread and common.
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  • Bright-line Brown-eye Lacanobia oleracea Length 19-21mm. A richly-marked moth with an unimaginatively descriptive name. It rests with wings held flat. Adult has brown forewings with a submarginal<br />
jagged white line near the outer edge, indented to form the letter W along its length; the wings also bear an orange kidney-shaped mark and white-ringed circular spot. Flies May-July. Larva feeds on oraches and goosefoots. Widespread and common.
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  • DOG-ROSE Rosa canina (Rosaceae) Height to 3m. Scrambling, variable shrub whose long, arching stems bear curved thorns. Associated with hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub. FLOWERS are 3-5cm across, fragrant with 5 pale pink petals and yellow stamens; borne in clusters of up to 4 flowers (Jun-Jul). FRUITS are red, egg-shaped hips that typically shed their sepals before they ripen. LEAVES comprise 5-7 hairless leaflets. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
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  • Goat Willow (Sallow) Salix caprea (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Depending on its situation this may be a multi-branched, dense, shrubby tree, or a taller tree with a straight, ridged stem and sparsely domed crown. SHOOTS Thick, stiff twigs are hairy at first, but become smoother and yellowish-brown with age. If the twigs have the bark peeled off they are smooth. (Compare with Grey Willow.) LEAVES Large, up to 12cm long and oval, with a short twisted point at the tip. The upper surface is dull green and slightly hairy, the lower surface is noticeably grey and woolly. The leaf margins have small, irregular teeth, and the short petiole sometimes has 2 ear-like sinuous stipules at its base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female catkins, on separate trees, appear before the leaves, often very early in the spring in sheltered places. Measuring up to 2.5cm long, they are ovoid and covered with greyish silky hairs before opening; at this time, Goat Willow is often called ‘Pussy Willow’ because the silky-grey buds bear a fanciful resemblance to cats’ paws. When they open, the male catkins become bright yellow. Female catkins are greener and produce numerous silky-haired seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native species in Britain and Ireland, occurring in woods, hedgerows and scrub, and often in drier places than other similar species.
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  • Maidenhair Tree Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) HEIGHT to 28m<br />
Tall, slender to slightly conical deciduous tree with one main trunk. BARK Grey-brown, corky and deeply ridged in mature trees. BRANCHES spreading with long, greenish-brown shoots, which in turn bear shorter brown shoots. LEAVES Yellowish-green to dark-green, fan-shaped, divided at least once and up to 10-12cm long; radiating veins reach margins. Leaves on long shoots widely separated; those on the short shoots close-packed. FLOWERS Male catkins yellow, in small upright clusters; female flowers grow singly on a 5cm-long pedicel. Flowers seldom seen in Britain; most mature trees in our region are male. FRUITS to 3cm long and usually ovoid, containing a single seed inside a harder shell. Green at first, yellowing with age, becoming foul-smelling. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chekiang Province of China. Endangered in the wild but widely cultivated.
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  • Common Pear (Cultivated Pear) Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. A normally upright and slender deciduous tree with a stout bole and a dense framework unless pruned. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES Ascending in young trees, but becoming more spreading in older specimens; some branches may bear a few spines. Young twigs are reddish-brown and sparsely hairy, but they become smoother with age. LEAVES Up to 8cm long, and usually oval to elliptic in shape, but there is always some variation; the margins have numerous small teeth, and the leaves are smooth and almost glossy when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are pure white and open before the leaves have fully expanded, typically two to four weeks earlier and cultivated apples flower in the same location. A pear orchard is a spectacular sight on a sunny spring day. The pear-shaped fruits may be up to 12cm long, with a soft, but slightly gritty, sweet-tasting flesh. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of western Asia originally, but cultivated for millennia and now widespread across Europe, including Britain and Ireland
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  • Caucasian Wingnut Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Spreading tree with domed crown and stout bole from which many branches arise close to same point. Suckers freely. BARK Grey, fissured and gnarled. LEAVES Compound, with 11–20 pairs of leaflets, each to 18cm long, ovate to lanceolate with a pointed tip and toothed margins. Midribs bear stellate hairs on underside. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins solitary, female catkins pendent with many flowers and give rise to broad-winged nutlets. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, planted here for ornament.
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  • Common Pear (Cultivated Pear) Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. A normally upright and slender deciduous tree with a stout bole and a dense framework unless pruned. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES Ascending in young trees, but becoming more spreading in older specimens; some branches may bear a few spines. Young twigs are reddish-brown and sparsely hairy, but they become smoother with age. LEAVES Up to 8cm long, and usually oval to elliptic in shape, but there is always some variation; the margins have numerous small teeth, and the leaves are smooth and almost glossy when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are pure white and open before the leaves have fully expanded, typically two to four weeks earlier and cultivated apples flower in the same location. A pear orchard is a spectacular sight on a sunny spring day. The pear-shaped fruits may be up to 12cm long, with a soft, but slightly gritty, sweet-tasting flesh. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of western Asia originally, but cultivated for millennia and now widespread across Europe, including Britain and Ireland
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  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
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  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
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  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
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  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
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  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
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  • Phoenician Juniper Juniperus phoenicia (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Small evergreen tree, or a spreading shrub. LEAVES Scaly twigs bear 2 types of leaves. Young leaves are up to 1.5cm long and 1mm wide, sharply pointed, showing pale bands on both surfaces; in bunches of 3 spreading at right-angles. Mature leaves are only 1mm long, resembling tiny green scales clasping the twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones are inconspicuous and borne at ends of shoots, female cones are up to 1.4cm long, rounded and ripening from black through yellowish-green to a deep red in second year. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean coasts and Atlantic shores of Portugal.
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  • Phoenician Juniper Juniperus phoenicia (Cupressaceae) HEIGHT to 8m. Small evergreen tree, or a spreading shrub. LEAVES Scaly twigs bear 2 types of leaves. Young leaves are up to 1.5cm long and 1mm wide, sharply pointed, showing pale bands on both surfaces; in bunches of 3 spreading at right-angles. Mature leaves are only 1mm long, resembling tiny green scales clasping the twig. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male cones are inconspicuous and borne at ends of shoots, female cones are up to 1.4cm long, rounded and ripening from black through yellowish-green to a deep red in second year. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean coasts and Atlantic shores of Portugal.
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  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
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  • Rauli Nothofagus procera (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m <br />
Attractive, conical tree with a stout bole and striking autumn foliage. BARK Grey, with vertical plates. BRANCHES Lower branches are usually level, upper branches are more ascending. Thick, green twigs, which darken with age, bear pointed and reddish-brown buds, about 1cm long. LEAVES Alternate, to 8cm long and rather pointed at tip. Margin is wavy, minutely toothed and, on underside, the 15–22 pairs of veins are covered with fine silky hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers occur on same tree. Males solitary and grow in leaf axils, female flowers are also usually solitary and give rise to 4-lobed hairy capsules containing 3 shiny brown nuts. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chile, introduced here early in 20th century and found in parks, gardens and commercial plantations.
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  • Blue Colorado Spruce Picea pungens (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m Slender conical evergreen. BARK Purplish and ridged. BRANCHES Bear smooth, yellowish-brown twigs. LEAVES Sharply pointed, stiff needles, to 3cm long, and usually dark green, grow all round shoot, but upper surface has more and some curve upwards to make top surface look more dense. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers in small, separate clusters on same tree; males red-tinged, females greener. Mature female cones pendent, narrowly oval, to 12cm long, often slightly curved; scales have irregularly toothed tips. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of the south-western USA, growing on dry, stony mountain slopes and streamsides, but commonly planted for ornament and timber throughout much of N Europe.
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  • Rauli Nothofagus procera (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m <br />
Attractive, conical tree with a stout bole and striking autumn foliage. BARK Grey, with vertical plates. BRANCHES Lower branches are usually level, upper branches are more ascending. Thick, green twigs, which darken with age, bear pointed and reddish-brown buds, about 1cm long. LEAVES Alternate, to 8cm long and rather pointed at tip. Margin is wavy, minutely toothed and, on underside, the 15–22 pairs of veins are covered with fine silky hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers occur on same tree. Males solitary and grow in leaf axils, female flowers are also usually solitary and give rise to 4-lobed hairy capsules containing 3 shiny brown nuts. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chile, introduced here early in 20th century and found in parks, gardens and commercial plantations.
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  • Common Pear (Cultivated Pear) Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. A normally upright and slender deciduous tree with a stout bole and a dense framework unless pruned. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES Ascending in young trees, but becoming more spreading in older specimens; some branches may bear a few spines. Young twigs are reddish-brown and sparsely hairy, but they become smoother with age. LEAVES Up to 8cm long, and usually oval to elliptic in shape, but there is always some variation; the margins have numerous small teeth, and the leaves are smooth and almost glossy when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are pure white and open before the leaves have fully expanded, typically two to four weeks earlier and cultivated apples flower in the same location. A pear orchard is a spectacular sight on a sunny spring day. The pear-shaped fruits may be up to 12cm long, with a soft, but slightly gritty, sweet-tasting flesh. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of western Asia originally, but cultivated for millennia and now widespread across Europe, including Britain and Ireland
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  • Chilean Plum Yew Prumnopitys andina (Podocarpus andinus) (Podocarpaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles a yew, but unrelated. Grows either with a single upright bole and horizontal branches, or sometimes with several boles and more upright branches. BARK Dark grey and smooth with occasional scars and ridges. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like and up to 2.5cm long; deep bluish-green on upper surface with 2 pale bands on underside. Leaves are much softer than true yew leaves, except in young trees when they are more leathery and bear small spines. Borne in dense shoots, either arranged in 2 ranks on either side of the shoot or spread all round it. FLOWERS Male catkins are yellow and borne in branched clusters near the ends of shoots. Female flowers are greenish and produced in small spikes at the tips of the shoots. The flowers occur on different-sex plants, opening in the spring. FRUITS resemble small green plums at first, containing a single seed, and may ripen to become blackened and covered with a fine bloom like sloes. <br />
STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Argentina and Chile.
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  • Chilean Plum Yew Prumnopitys andina (Podocarpus andinus) (Podocarpaceae) HEIGHT to 20m<br />
Resembles a yew, but unrelated. Grows either with a single upright bole and horizontal branches, or sometimes with several boles and more upright branches. BARK Dark grey and smooth with occasional scars and ridges. LEAVES Flattened, needle-like and up to 2.5cm long; deep bluish-green on upper surface with 2 pale bands on underside. Leaves are much softer than true yew leaves, except in young trees when they are more leathery and bear small spines. Borne in dense shoots, either arranged in 2 ranks on either side of the shoot or spread all round it. FLOWERS Male catkins are yellow and borne in branched clusters near the ends of shoots. Female flowers are greenish and produced in small spikes at the tips of the shoots. The flowers occur on different-sex plants, opening in the spring. FRUITS resemble small green plums at first, containing a single seed, and may ripen to become blackened and covered with a fine bloom like sloes. <br />
STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the mountains of Argentina and Chile.
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  • Caucasian Wingnut Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 35m. Spreading tree with domed crown and stout bole from which many branches arise close to same point. Suckers freely. BARK Grey, fissured and gnarled. LEAVES Compound, with 11–20 pairs of leaflets, each to 18cm long, ovate to lanceolate with a pointed tip and toothed margins. Midribs bear stellate hairs on underside. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins solitary, female catkins pendent with many flowers and give rise to broad-winged nutlets. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of SW Asia, planted here for ornament.
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  • Goat Willow (Sallow) Salix caprea (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 12m. Depending on its situation this may be a multi-branched, dense, shrubby tree, or a taller tree with a straight, ridged stem and sparsely domed crown. SHOOTS Thick, stiff twigs are hairy at first, but become smoother and yellowish-brown with age. If the twigs have the bark peeled off they are smooth. (Compare with Grey Willow.) LEAVES Large, up to 12cm long and oval, with a short twisted point at the tip. The upper surface is dull green and slightly hairy, the lower surface is noticeably grey and woolly. The leaf margins have small, irregular teeth, and the short petiole sometimes has 2 ear-like sinuous stipules at its base. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female catkins, on separate trees, appear before the leaves, often very early in the spring in sheltered places. Measuring up to 2.5cm long, they are ovoid and covered with greyish silky hairs before opening; at this time, Goat Willow is often called ‘Pussy Willow’ because the silky-grey buds bear a fanciful resemblance to cats’ paws. When they open, the male catkins become bright yellow. Female catkins are greener and produce numerous silky-haired seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A widespread and common native species in Britain and Ireland, occurring in woods, hedgerows and scrub, and often in drier places than other similar species.
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  • Maidenhair Tree Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) HEIGHT to 28m<br />
Tall, slender to slightly conical deciduous tree with one main trunk. BARK Grey-brown, corky and deeply ridged in mature trees. BRANCHES spreading with long, greenish-brown shoots, which in turn bear shorter brown shoots. LEAVES Yellowish-green to dark-green, fan-shaped, divided at least once and up to 10-12cm long; radiating veins reach margins. Leaves on long shoots widely separated; those on the short shoots close-packed. FLOWERS Male catkins yellow, in small upright clusters; female flowers grow singly on a 5cm-long pedicel. Flowers seldom seen in Britain; most mature trees in our region are male. FRUITS to 3cm long and usually ovoid, containing a single seed inside a harder shell. Green at first, yellowing with age, becoming foul-smelling. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chekiang Province of China. Endangered in the wild but widely cultivated.
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  • Common Pear (Cultivated Pear) Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) HEIGHT to 20m. A normally upright and slender deciduous tree with a stout bole and a dense framework unless pruned. BARK Dark-brown and breaking up into small square plates. BRANCHES Ascending in young trees, but becoming more spreading in older specimens; some branches may bear a few spines. Young twigs are reddish-brown and sparsely hairy, but they become smoother with age. LEAVES Up to 8cm long, and usually oval to elliptic in shape, but there is always some variation; the margins have numerous small teeth, and the leaves are smooth and almost glossy when mature. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS The flowers are pure white and open before the leaves have fully expanded, typically two to four weeks earlier and cultivated apples flower in the same location. A pear orchard is a spectacular sight on a sunny spring day. The pear-shaped fruits may be up to 12cm long, with a soft, but slightly gritty, sweet-tasting flesh. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION A native of western Asia originally, but cultivated for millennia and now widespread across Europe, including Britain and Ireland
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  • Common Walnut Juglans regia Juglandaceae Height to 30m <br />
Spreading, domed tree. Bark Brown at first, grey and fissured with age. Branches Lowest ones spreading; twisted twigs bear purple-brown buds. Leaves Compound, with 7–9 leaflets, to 15cm long; thick and leathery. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow, to 15cm long; female flowers small, greenish. Fruits green, rounded, to 5cm across, encasing edible Walnut seed. Status Cultivated since Roman times.
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  • Rauli Nothofagus procera (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 28m <br />
Attractive, conical tree with a stout bole and striking autumn foliage. BARK Grey, with vertical plates. BRANCHES Lower branches are usually level, upper branches are more ascending. Thick, green twigs, which darken with age, bear pointed and reddish-brown buds, about 1cm long. LEAVES Alternate, to 8cm long and rather pointed at tip. Margin is wavy, minutely toothed and, on underside, the 15–22 pairs of veins are covered with fine silky hairs. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male and female flowers occur on same tree. Males solitary and grow in leaf axils, female flowers are also usually solitary and give rise to 4-lobed hairy capsules containing 3 shiny brown nuts. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chile, introduced here early in 20th century and found in parks, gardens and commercial plantations.
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  • Common Walnut Juglans regia Juglandaceae Height to 30m <br />
Spreading, domed tree. Bark Brown at first, grey and fissured with age. Branches Lowest ones spreading; twisted twigs bear purple-brown buds. Leaves Compound, with 7–9 leaflets, to 15cm long; thick and leathery. Reproductive parts Male catkins yellow, to 15cm long; female flowers small, greenish. Fruits green, rounded, to 5cm across, encasing edible Walnut seed. Status Cultivated since Roman times.
    132720.jpg
  • Maidenhair Tree Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) HEIGHT to 28m<br />
Tall, slender to slightly conical deciduous tree with one main trunk. BARK Grey-brown, corky and deeply ridged in mature trees. BRANCHES spreading with long, greenish-brown shoots, which in turn bear shorter brown shoots. LEAVES Yellowish-green to dark-green, fan-shaped, divided at least once and up to 10-12cm long; radiating veins reach margins. Leaves on long shoots widely separated; those on the short shoots close-packed. FLOWERS Male catkins yellow, in small upright clusters; female flowers grow singly on a 5cm-long pedicel. Flowers seldom seen in Britain; most mature trees in our region are male. FRUITS to 3cm long and usually ovoid, containing a single seed inside a harder shell. Green at first, yellowing with age, becoming foul-smelling. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Chekiang Province of China. Endangered in the wild but widely cultivated.
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  • Colorado White Fir Abies concolor (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 55m <br />
Columnar to conical tree. BARK Dark grey, fissured with age. BRANCHES Yellowish twigs bear resinous buds. LEAVES Bluish-grey needles in 2 ranks, curving upwards; to 6cm long with 2 pale blue bands below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones cylindrical, erect, 10cm long, green, ripening purple then brown. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of NW USA. Planted for ornament.
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