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  • The 12th centuary Norman St Mary's Church on the banks of the River Thames in Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, Uk
    154578.jpg
  • The 12th centuary Norman St Mary's Church on the banks of the River Thames in Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, Uk
    154584.jpg
  • The 12th centuary Norman St Mary's Church on the banks of the River Thames in Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, Uk
    154579.jpg
  • The 12th centuary Norman St Mary's Church on the banks of the River Thames in Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, Uk
    154580.jpg
  • The 12th centuary Norman St Mary's Church on the banks of the River Thames in Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, Uk
    154581.jpg
  • The 12th centuary Norman St Mary's Church on the banks of the River Thames in Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, Uk
    154583.jpg
  • The 12th centuary Norman St Mary's Church on the banks of the River Thames in Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, Uk
    154582.jpg
  • 12.016 (0216)<br />
Cork Moth - Nemapogon cloacella
    159107.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge showing flooded coast road, A 149,  Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155703.jpg
  • Butternut Juglans cinerea (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 26m <br />
Slender tree. BARK Grey. LEAVES Compound, to 70cm long, leaflets more widely spaced than in Black Walnut; central leaf stalk is densely hairy and leaflets near leaf base are smallest. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Edible fruits in clusters of up to 12. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of eastern N America, planted here for ornament.
    135008.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge, waves crashing against remains of  shingle sea defences with partially submerged hide, Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155696.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge showing submerged hides and flooded reserve,  Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155695.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge, waves crashing against remains of  shingle sea defences with partially submerged hide, Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155697.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge showing flooded coast road, A 149,  Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155698.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge showing flooded coast road, A 149,  Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155702.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge, waves crashing against remains of  shingle sea defences, Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155704.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge showing submerged hides on flooded reserve,  Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155707.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge, waves crashing against remains of  shingle sea defences with partially submerged hide, Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155705.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge, waves crashing against remains of  shingle sea defences with partially submerged hide, Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155708.jpg
  • Smog & Air Pollution 10 hours after Initial Explosion 12 Miles Away Buncefield Oil Storage Depot Hemel Hempstead 11th December 2005
    133161.jpg
  • Butternut Juglans cinerea (Juglandaceae) HEIGHT to 26m <br />
Slender tree. BARK Grey. LEAVES Compound, to 70cm long, leaflets more widely spaced than in Black Walnut; central leaf stalk is densely hairy and leaflets near leaf base are smallest. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Edible fruits in clusters of up to 12. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of eastern N America, planted here for ornament.
    135009.jpg
  • 12.027 (0240)<br />
Case-bearing Clothes Moth - Tinea pellionella
    159131.jpg
  • 12.036 (0227)<br />
Skin Moth - Monopis laevigella
    159132.jpg
  • Floods of  6 12 2013 due to tidal surge, showing flooded hides and Mute Swans, Cygnus olor, Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155701.jpg
  • After effects of  6 12 2013  tidal surge showing East bank and phragmites rhizomes at  Cley next the sea,  Norfolk UK
    155716.jpg
  • Smooth Japanese Maple Acer palmatum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Small deciduous tree with a short, usually twisted bole, and domed crown. BARK Smooth brown bark with paler patches in young trees. BRANCHES Numerous and spreading, ending in thin reddish twigs with green undersides. LEAVES To 9cm long, with 5–7, sometimes 11, toothed lobes divided at least half-way to the base of leaf. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Dark purple-red flowers, in upright clusters of 12–15 on thin green or red 4cm-long pedicels, usually opening in April–May. Reddish fruits usually hang in clusters, each fruit about 2cm across, the wings diverging widely. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for its compact shape, interesting foliage and fine autumn colours.
    135435.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    135225.jpg
  • Smooth Japanese Maple Acer palmatum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Small deciduous tree with a short, usually twisted bole, and domed crown. BARK Smooth brown bark with paler patches in young trees. BRANCHES Numerous and spreading, ending in thin reddish twigs with green undersides. LEAVES To 9cm long, with 5–7, sometimes 11, toothed lobes divided at least half-way to the base of leaf. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Dark purple-red flowers, in upright clusters of 12–15 on thin green or red 4cm-long pedicels, usually opening in April–May. Reddish fruits usually hang in clusters, each fruit about 2cm across, the wings diverging widely. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for its compact shape, interesting foliage and fine autumn colours.
    132925.jpg
  • Eastern Balsam-poplar Populus balsamifera (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Conical to slightly spreading tree with numerous ascending branches arising from a tapering bole; base of bole is often surrounded by suckers. BARK Thinner than in other poplars and narrowly grooved. SHOOTS Young shoots (and 2.5cm-long buds) are covered with shiny resin. LEAVES To 10cm long, oval and pointed at tip with finely toothed margins; dark shiny green above, paler and downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Greenish catkins appear in late spring or early summer. Males (to 7.5cm long) and females (to 12.5cm long) on separate trees. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of N America. Cultivated here occasionally.
    132360.jpg
  • Eastern Balsam-poplar Populus balsamifera (Salicaceae) HEIGHT to 30m. Conical to slightly spreading tree with numerous ascending branches arising from a tapering bole; base of bole is often surrounded by suckers. BARK Thinner than in other poplars and narrowly grooved. SHOOTS Young shoots (and 2.5cm-long buds) are covered with shiny resin. LEAVES To 10cm long, oval and pointed at tip with finely toothed margins; dark shiny green above, paler and downy below. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Greenish catkins appear in late spring or early summer. Males (to 7.5cm long) and females (to 12.5cm long) on separate trees. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of N America. Cultivated here occasionally.
    134374.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    135043.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    135042.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    134973.jpg
  • Smooth Japanese Maple Acer palmatum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Small deciduous tree with a short, usually twisted bole, and domed crown. BARK Smooth brown bark with paler patches in young trees. BRANCHES Numerous and spreading, ending in thin reddish twigs with green undersides. LEAVES To 9cm long, with 5–7, sometimes 11, toothed lobes divided at least half-way to the base of leaf. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Dark purple-red flowers, in upright clusters of 12–15 on thin green or red 4cm-long pedicels, usually opening in April–May. Reddish fruits usually hang in clusters, each fruit about 2cm across, the wings diverging widely. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for its compact shape, interesting foliage and fine autumn colours.
    134874.jpg
  • Stone Pine Pinus pinea (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Broad umbrella-shaped tree with a dense mass of foliage on spreading branches on top of a tall bole. BARK Reddish-grey on old trees and fissured, flaking away to leave deep orange patches. LEAVES Paired needles, to 20cm long and 2mm wide, slightly twisted. Through a hand-lens 12 lines of stomata can be seen on outer surface and 6 on inner surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones rounded to ovoid, to 14cm long and 10cm across, ripening rich glossy brown after 3 years. Scales, closely packed with a slightly pyramidal surface, conceal large, slightly winged seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean coasts. Planted here occasionally, usually near coasts.
    134693.jpg
  • Stone Pine Pinus pinea (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Broad umbrella-shaped tree with a dense mass of foliage on spreading branches on top of a tall bole. BARK Reddish-grey on old trees and fissured, flaking away to leave deep orange patches. LEAVES Paired needles, to 20cm long and 2mm wide, slightly twisted. Through a hand-lens 12 lines of stomata can be seen on outer surface and 6 on inner surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones rounded to ovoid, to 14cm long and 10cm across, ripening rich glossy brown after 3 years. Scales, closely packed with a slightly pyramidal surface, conceal large, slightly winged seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean coasts. Planted here occasionally, usually near coasts.
    134692.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    134636.jpg
  • Stone Pine Pinus pinea (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Broad umbrella-shaped tree with a dense mass of foliage on spreading branches on top of a tall bole. BARK Reddish-grey on old trees and fissured, flaking away to leave deep orange patches. LEAVES Paired needles, to 20cm long and 2mm wide, slightly twisted. Through a hand-lens 12 lines of stomata can be seen on outer surface and 6 on inner surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones rounded to ovoid, to 14cm long and 10cm across, ripening rich glossy brown after 3 years. Scales, closely packed with a slightly pyramidal surface, conceal large, slightly winged seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean coasts. Planted here occasionally, usually near coasts.
    134628.jpg
  • Smooth Japanese Maple Acer palmatum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Small deciduous tree with a short, usually twisted bole, and domed crown. BARK Smooth brown bark with paler patches in young trees. BRANCHES Numerous and spreading, ending in thin reddish twigs with green undersides. LEAVES To 9cm long, with 5–7, sometimes 11, toothed lobes divided at least half-way to the base of leaf. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Dark purple-red flowers, in upright clusters of 12–15 on thin green or red 4cm-long pedicels, usually opening in April–May. Reddish fruits usually hang in clusters, each fruit about 2cm across, the wings diverging widely. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for its compact shape, interesting foliage and fine autumn colours.
    132924.jpg
  • Smooth Japanese Maple Acer palmatum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Small deciduous tree with a short, usually twisted bole, and domed crown. BARK Smooth brown bark with paler patches in young trees. BRANCHES Numerous and spreading, ending in thin reddish twigs with green undersides. LEAVES To 9cm long, with 5–7, sometimes 11, toothed lobes divided at least half-way to the base of leaf. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Dark purple-red flowers, in upright clusters of 12–15 on thin green or red 4cm-long pedicels, usually opening in April–May. Reddish fruits usually hang in clusters, each fruit about 2cm across, the wings diverging widely. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for its compact shape, interesting foliage and fine autumn colours.
    132907.jpg
  • Smooth Japanese Maple Acer palmatum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Small deciduous tree with a short, usually twisted bole, and domed crown. BARK Smooth brown bark with paler patches in young trees. BRANCHES Numerous and spreading, ending in thin reddish twigs with green undersides. LEAVES To 9cm long, with 5–7, sometimes 11, toothed lobes divided at least half-way to the base of leaf. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Dark purple-red flowers, in upright clusters of 12–15 on thin green or red 4cm-long pedicels, usually opening in April–May. Reddish fruits usually hang in clusters, each fruit about 2cm across, the wings diverging widely. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for its compact shape, interesting foliage and fine autumn colours.
    132907.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    132550.jpg
  • Mirbeck’s Oak Quercus canariensis (Fagaceae) HEIGHT to 25m. Domed, columnar tree. BARK Thick, dark-grey and furrowed. LEAVES Ovate to elliptic, to 15cm long, up to 12 lobes. Young leaves hairy and reddish, maturing darker green and smooth. Some turn yellow and fall in autumn, others remain through winter. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male catkins yellowish-green and pendulous; female catkins are small. Acorns, to 2.5cm long, ovate, one-third hidden in scaly cup. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native N Africa and SW Europe, planted here occasionally.
    132549.jpg
  • Caucasian Elm Zelkova carpinifolia 31m. Has a dense, multi-stemmed crown composed of numerous almost upright branches. Bole, to 3m, is heavily ridged. BARK Greyish and flaking; falls away in rounded scales exposing orange patches. BRANCHES Youngest twigs are greenish with whitish down. LEAVES To 10cm long, oval and pointed with rounded teeth and 6–12 pairs of veins. Upper surface is dark green and slightly hairy, lower surface is slightly paler with hairs on either side of veins. Petiole is very short, to 2mm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers, pro¬¬duced in April, are sessile clusters of yellow-green stamens arising from older, leafless part of twig. Female flowers are solitary and in axils of last few leaves on shoot. Fruits are spherical, to 5mm across and slightly 4-winged. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the Caucasus, grown here for ornament.
    132521.jpg
  • Caucasian Elm Zelkova carpinifolia 31m. Has a dense, multi-stemmed crown composed of numerous almost upright branches. Bole, to 3m, is heavily ridged. BARK Greyish and flaking; falls away in rounded scales exposing orange patches. BRANCHES Youngest twigs are greenish with whitish down. LEAVES To 10cm long, oval and pointed with rounded teeth and 6–12 pairs of veins. Upper surface is dark green and slightly hairy, lower surface is slightly paler with hairs on either side of veins. Petiole is very short, to 2mm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers, pro¬¬duced in April, are sessile clusters of yellow-green stamens arising from older, leafless part of twig. Female flowers are solitary and in axils of last few leaves on shoot. Fruits are spherical, to 5mm across and slightly 4-winged. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the Caucasus, grown here for ornament.
    132503.jpg
  • Caucasian Elm Zelkova carpinifolia 31m. Has a dense, multi-stemmed crown composed of numerous almost upright branches. Bole, to 3m, is heavily ridged. BARK Greyish and flaking; falls away in rounded scales exposing orange patches. BRANCHES Youngest twigs are greenish with whitish down. LEAVES To 10cm long, oval and pointed with rounded teeth and 6–12 pairs of veins. Upper surface is dark green and slightly hairy, lower surface is slightly paler with hairs on either side of veins. Petiole is very short, to 2mm long. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers, pro¬¬duced in April, are sessile clusters of yellow-green stamens arising from older, leafless part of twig. Female flowers are solitary and in axils of last few leaves on shoot. Fruits are spherical, to 5mm across and slightly 4-winged. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of the Caucasus, grown here for ornament.
    132502.jpg
  • Smooth Japanese Maple Acer palmatum (Aceraceae) HEIGHT to 16m. Small deciduous tree with a short, usually twisted bole, and domed crown. BARK Smooth brown bark with paler patches in young trees. BRANCHES Numerous and spreading, ending in thin reddish twigs with green undersides. LEAVES To 9cm long, with 5–7, sometimes 11, toothed lobes divided at least half-way to the base of leaf. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Dark purple-red flowers, in upright clusters of 12–15 on thin green or red 4cm-long pedicels, usually opening in April–May. Reddish fruits usually hang in clusters, each fruit about 2cm across, the wings diverging widely. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Japan, planted here for its compact shape, interesting foliage and fine autumn colours.
    120970.jpg
  • Stone/Umbrella Pine Pinus pinea (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 30m <br />
Broad umbrella-shaped tree with a dense mass of foliage on spreading branches on top of a tall bole. BARK Reddish-grey on old trees and fissured, flaking away to leave deep orange patches. LEAVES Paired needles, to 20cm long and 2mm wide, slightly twisted. Through a hand-lens 12 lines of stomata can be seen on outer surface and 6 on inner surface. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Cones rounded to ovoid, to 14cm long and 10cm across, ripening rich glossy brown after 3 years. Scales, closely packed with a slightly pyramidal surface, conceal large, slightly winged seeds. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native of Mediterranean coasts. Planted here occasionally, usually near coasts. COMMENTS Large, edible seeds are harvested and sold as ‘pine kernels’ or ‘pine nuts’.
    117482.jpg
  • TUFTED VETCH Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Slightly downy, scrambling perennial. Found in grassy places, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and bluish purple; borne in one-sided spikes up to 8cm tall (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are hairless pods. LEAVES comprise up to 12 pairs of narrow leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    141082.jpg
  • TUFTED VETCH Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Slightly downy, scrambling perennial. Found in grassy places, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and bluish purple; borne in one-sided spikes up to 8cm tall (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are hairless pods. LEAVES comprise up to 12 pairs of narrow leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    140218.jpg
  • TUFTED VETCH Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Slightly downy, scrambling perennial. Found in grassy places, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and bluish purple; borne in one-sided spikes up to 8cm tall (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are hairless pods. LEAVES comprise up to 12 pairs of narrow leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    140217.jpg
  • SILVERWEED Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Low-growing perennial with long, creeping stems. Found in damp, grassy places and on bare ground. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across with 5 yellow petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are divided into up to 12 pairs of leaflets (with tiny ones between them) that are covered in silvery, silky hairs. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    132204.jpg
  • SILVERWEED Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae) Creeping<br />
Low-growing perennial with long, creeping stems. Found in damp, grassy places and on bare ground. FLOWERS are 15-20mm across with 5 yellow petals (May-Aug). FRUITS are dry and papery. LEAVES are divided into up to 12 pairs of leaflets (with tiny ones between them) that are covered in silvery, silky hairs. STATUS-Widespread and common.
    131028.jpg
  • TUFTED VETCH Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Slightly downy, scrambling perennial. Found in grassy places, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and bluish purple; borne in one-sided spikes up to 8cm tall (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are hairless pods. LEAVES comprise up to 12 pairs of narrow leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    116206.jpg
  • TUFTED VETCH Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) Height to 2m<br />
Slightly downy, scrambling perennial. Found in grassy places, hedgerows and scrub. FLOWERS are 8-12mm long and bluish purple; borne in one-sided spikes up to 8cm tall (Jun-Aug). FRUITS are hairless pods. LEAVES comprise up to 12 pairs of narrow leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread and common throughout.
    144600.jpg
  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
    156442.jpg
  • Marsh Tit Poecile palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
    144817.jpg
  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
    156443.jpg
  • BUSH VETCH Vicia sepium (Fabaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Scrambling, slightly downy perennial of rough, grassy places and scrub. FLOWERS are 12-15mm long and pale lilac; borne in groups of 2-6 flowers (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are black, hairless pods. LEAVES comprise 6-12 pairs of broadly oval leaflets and end in branched tendrils. STATUS-Common and widespread throughout.
    120939.jpg
  • Marsh Tit Poecile palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
    144778.jpg
  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
    157989.jpg
  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra - female. L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
    156447.jpg
  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
    156444.jpg
  • The Minors Oligia sp. Length 12-15mm. There are three closely-related species that are hard to distinguish from one another. All rest with wings held in a shallow tent-like manner. Tawny Marbled Minor O. latruncula often has a brown hue to the forewings. Marbled Minor O. strigilis is usually greyish-black with a pale submarginal band near the outer smargins. Rufous Minor O. versicolor is usually beautifully patterned with chestnut and grey. All three species fly June-July. Larvae feed on grasses. All three species are widespread and locally common in southern and central Britain, but much more local further north.
    141063.jpg
  • COMMON RAMPING-FUMITORY Fumaria muralis (Fumariaceae) Height to 10cm. Spreading or upright annual of arable land, banks and walls. FLOWERS are 9-11mm long and pinkish purple with dark tips, the lower petal almost parallel-sided (not paddle-shaped) with erect margins; borne in spikes of 12-15 flowers (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are globular and 1-seeded. LEAVES are much divided. STATUS-Widespread and fairly common.
    139941.jpg
  • Marsh Tit Poecile palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
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  • Marsh Tit Poecile palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
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  • Marsh Tit Poecile palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
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  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
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  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
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  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
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  • LESSER CELANDINE Ranunculus ficaria (Ranunculaceae) Height to 25cm. Perennial of hedgerows, open woodland and bare ground, sometimes forming clumps or patches. FLOWERS are 20-30mm across with 8-12 shiny yellow petals and 3 sepals (Mar-May); open only in sunshine. FRUITS are borne in a rounded head. LEAVES are heart-shaped, glossy and dark green. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca L 12-13cm. Small, rather short-tailed warbler with retiring habits but distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have blue-grey crown, dark mask and grey-brown back and wings. Underparts are pale, whitish on throat but washed pale buff on flanks. Has dark legs, dark-tipped grey bill and pale iris. Voice Utters a harsh chek alarm call. Song is a tuneless rattle, sung on one note, usually preceded by short warbling phrase. Status Fairly common summer visitor, mostly to S and SE England. Favours areas of scrub.
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  • Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca L 12-13cm. Well-marked bird with precise habitat requirements. Forages in tree canopy. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male in summer has black upperparts, white underparts and bold white band on otherwise black wings; note small white patch at base of bill. All other birds (including autumn adult male) are similarly patterned but black elements of plumage are replaced by brown. Voice Utters a sharp tik alarm call. Song is sweet and ringing. Status Locally fairly common summer visitor, mainly to Sessile Oak woodland; most numerous in Devon, Wales and Lake District.
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  • Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca L 12-13cm. Well-marked bird with precise habitat requirements. Forages in tree canopy. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male in summer has black upperparts, white underparts and bold white band on otherwise black wings; note small white patch at base of bill. All other birds (including autumn adult male) are similarly patterned but black elements of plumage are replaced by brown. Voice Utters a sharp tik alarm call. Song is sweet and ringing. Status Locally fairly common summer visitor, mainly to Sessile Oak woodland; most numerous in Devon, Wales and Lake District.
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  • Marsh Tit Parus palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
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  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
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  • Heath Dog-violet - Viola canina (Violaceae) Height to 30cm<br />
 Perennial herb that lacks a basal rosette of leaves. Found on dry grassland, mainly on sandy soils. FLOWERS are 12-18mm across with pale blue petals and a short, greenish yellow spur (Apr-Jun). FRUITS are not inflated. LEAVES are narrow-oval with a heart-shaped base. STATUS-Widespread but only very locally common.
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  • Whinchat Saxicola rubetra - Male. L 12-14cm. Colourful, Stonechat-like bird with whitish sides to tail base. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has brown, streaked upperparts with white stripe above eye. Margins of throat and ear coverts are defined by pale stripe; throat and breast are orange; underparts are otherwise whitish. Adult female is similar but colours and contrast are less intense. 1st winter bird is similar to adult female but upperparts are more spotted. Voice Utters a whistling tic-tic alarm call. Song is rapid and warbling. Status Local summer visitor, favouring rough grassy slopes with scattered scrub.
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  • BUSH VETCH Vicia sepium (Fabaceae) Height to 1m<br />
Scrambling, slightly downy perennial of rough, grassy places and scrub. FLOWERS are 12-15mm long and pale lilac; borne in groups of 2-6 flowers (Apr-Oct). FRUITS are black, hairless pods. LEAVES comprise 6-12 pairs of broadly oval leaflets and end in branched tendrils. STATUS-Common and widespread throughout.
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  • WOOD VETCH Vicia sylvatica (Fabaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Elegant, straggling perennial of shady woods and steep, coastal slopes. FLOWERS are 12-20mm long, white and purple-veined; borne in spikes of up to 20 flowers (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are black, hairless pods. LEAVES comprise 6-12 pairs of oblong leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread but local; commonest in W.
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  • WOOD VETCH Vicia sylvatica (Fabaceae) Height to 1.5m<br />
Elegant, straggling perennial of shady woods and steep, coastal slopes. FLOWERS are 12-20mm long, white and purple-veined; borne in spikes of up to 20 flowers (Jun-Aug).  FRUITS are black, hairless pods. LEAVES comprise 6-12 pairs of oblong leaflets and end in a branched tendril. STATUS-Widespread but local; commonest in W.
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  • LADY’S BEDSTRAW Galium verum (Rubiaceae) Height to 30cm. Attractive, branched perennial and the only true bedstraw with yellow flowers. Stems are square and whole plant smells of hay. Found in dry grassland. FLOWERS are 2-3mm across, yellow and 4-petalled; in dense clusters (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are smooth nutlets that ripen black. LEAVES are narrow with down-rolled margins; in whorls of 8-12. Leaves blacken when dry. STATUS-Widespread and common.
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  • CUCKCOOFLOWER Cardamine pratensis (Brassicaceae) Height to 50cm. Variable perennial of damp, grassy places. Also known as Lady’s-smock. FLOWERS are 12-20mm across with 4 pale lilac or white flowers (Apr-Jun). FRUITS are elongated and beaked. LEAVES are seen mainly in a basal rosette of pinnately divided leaves with rounded lobes; narrow stem leaves also present. STATUS-Widespread and locally common.
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  • PURPLE MILK-VETCH Astragalus danicus (Fabaceae) Height to 30cm. Attractive, downy and spreading perennial of dry, calcareous grassland. FLOWERS are 15-18mm long and purple; borne in stalked clusters (May-Jul). FRUITS are pods, covered in white hairs. LEAVES are hairy and pinnate, comprising 6-12 pairs of oval leaflets. STATUS-Local in E England and S Scotland; scarce in Ireland.
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  • Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca L 12-13cm. Small, rather short-tailed warbler with retiring habits but distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have blue-grey crown, dark mask and grey-brown back and wings. Underparts are pale, whitish on throat but washed pale buff on flanks. Has dark legs, dark-tipped grey bill and pale iris. Voice Utters a harsh chek alarm call. Song is a tuneless rattle, sung on one note, usually preceded by short warbling phrase. Status Fairly common summer visitor, mostly to S and SE England. Favours areas scrub and hedgerows with dense Hawthorn and Blackthorn.
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  • Marsh Tit Parus palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
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  • Marsh Tit Parus palustris L 12-13cm. Pugnacious woodland bird. Similar to Willow Tit but separable using subtle differences in plumage and voice. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have black cap and bib; compared to Willow, cap is glossy, not dull, and bib is relatively small. Cheeks are whitish, upperparts are grey brown and underparts are pale grey-buff. Bill is short and legs are bluish. Voice Utters a loud pitchoo call. Song is loud and repeated chip-chip-chip… Status Locally common resident of deciduous woodland and mature gardens; commonest in S.
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  • Siberian Stonechat - Saxicola maurus Length 12-13cm Small, compact bird. Similar to European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola; formerly treated as a subspecies of that bird, but now elevated to species status. Diagnostic difference is white, unstreaked rump. When perched, flicks short, dark tail and utters harsh alarm call. Sexes are dissimilar. Adult male has blackish head, white on side of neck, and dark back, feathers fringed brown in winter. Compared to European Stonechat, underparts are paler and less colourful. Adult female is similar but colours are muted. 1st winter bird has streaked sandy brown upperparts and head, and buffish orange underparts. Utters harsh tchak call, like two pebbles knocked together. Song is rapid and warbling. Breeds across much of central Asia and winters further south. Vagrants turn up in western Europe, mainly in autumn.
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  • CORALROOT Cardamine bulbifera (Brassicaceae) Height to 70cm. Perennial of undisturbed woodland on calcareous or sandy soils. FLOWERS are 12-18mm across with 4 pink petals; in terminal heads (Apr-May). FRUITS are 3.5cm long and narrow. LEAVES are pinnately divided (upper ones less so) with 1-3 pairs of leaflets; borne up stem with brown bulbils in axils. STATUS-Scarce and local; SE England only.
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  • BLACK HOREHOUND Ballota nigra (Lamiaceae) Height to 50cm. Straggly, bushy and hairy perennial that has a pungent and unpleasant smell when bruised. Grows on disturbed ground and roadside verges. FLOWERS are 12-18mm long and pinkish purple with a concave upper lip; borne in whorls with striking calyx teeth (Jun-Sep). FRUITS are nutlets. LEAVES are stalked and ovate or heart-shaped. STATUS-Widespread and locally common in England and Wales but scarce or absent elsewhere.
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  • Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L 12-13cm. Well-marked wetland warbler with distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult has dark-streaked sandy brown upperparts and pale underparts, flushed orange-buff on breast and flanks. Head has dark-streaked crown, striking pale supercilium and dark eyestripe. Juvenile is similar but breast is faintly streaked. Voice Utters a sharp chek alarm call. Song comprises rasping and grating phrases interspersed with trills and whistles. Status Widespread summer visitor to rank marshy vegetation, scrub patches on fringes of reedbeds and overgrown ditches.
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  • Treecreeper Certhia familiaris L 12-13cm. Easily overlooked as it creeps up tree trunks, using spiky tail for support. Probes bark for insects using needle-like bill Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have streaked brown upperparts and silvery white underparts, subtly suffused buff towards rear of flanks. Note grubby whitish supercilium and broad, zigzag buffish barring on wings. Voice Utters a thin, high-pitched tseert call. Song comprises short series of high-pitched notes and ends in a trill. Status Fairly common resident of deciduous and mixed woodlands.
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  • Dartford Warbler - Sylvia undata. (L 12-13cm), often seen perched on a Gorse spray with its tail cocked up, is emblematic of heathland conservation. Adults have blue-grey upperparts, reddish underparts with a white belly, a beady red eye and reddish eyering, and pinkish yellow legs; males are brighter than females. The species is often first detected by sound: it utters a tchrr-tche alarm call and has a rapid, scratchy warbling song. Dartford Warblers are restricted to Gorse-covered heathland areas in southern England and are mainly resident.
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  • Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta (L 12-13cm) occurs most regularly and recalls an outsized Willow Warbler. It has uniform olive-green upperparts with a brownish hue to the wings; the underparts (paler in juveniles than adults) are pale yellow, the colour most intense on the throat and breast. The legs are greyish brown and there is a pale eyering. Members of this interesting genus of warblers are summer visitors to mainland Europe. Unfortunately, none breeds in Britain but we do get occasional visits from passage migrants; look for them at coastal migration hotspots in autumn after south-easterly winds. As a group, Hippolais warblers are superficially similar to Phylloscopus warblers but have proportionately large heads, a peaked rather than rounded crown, a relatively large, broad-based bill and pale lores.
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  • Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta (L 12-13cm) occurs most regularly and recalls an outsized Willow Warbler. It has uniform olive-green upperparts with a brownish hue to the wings; the underparts (paler in juveniles than adults) are pale yellow, the colour most intense on the throat and breast. The legs are greyish brown and there is a pale eyering. Members of this interesting genus of warblers are summer visitors to mainland Europe. Unfortunately, none breeds in Britain but we do get occasional visits from passage migrants; look for them at coastal migration hotspots in autumn after south-easterly winds. As a group, Hippolais warblers are superficially similar to Phylloscopus warblers but have proportionately large heads, a peaked rather than rounded crown, a relatively large, broad-based bill and pale lores.
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  • Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta (L 12-13cm) occurs most regularly and recalls an outsized Willow Warbler. It has uniform olive-green upperparts with a brownish hue to the wings; the underparts (paler in juveniles than adults) are pale yellow, the colour most intense on the throat and breast. The legs are greyish brown and there is a pale eyering. Members of this interesting genus of warblers are summer visitors to mainland Europe. Unfortunately, none breeds in Britain but we do get occasional visits from passage migrants; look for them at coastal migration hotspots in autumn after south-easterly winds. As a group, Hippolais warblers are superficially similar to Phylloscopus warblers but have proportionately large heads, a peaked rather than rounded crown, a relatively large, broad-based bill and pale lores.
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  • Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca L 12-13cm. Small, rather short-tailed warbler with retiring habits but distinctive song. Sexes are similar. Adult and juvenile have blue-grey crown, dark mask and grey-brown back and wings. Underparts are pale, whitish on throat but washed pale buff on flanks. Has dark legs, dark-tipped grey bill and pale iris. Voice Utters a harsh chek alarm call. Song is a tuneless rattle, sung on one note, usually preceded by short warbling phrase. Status Fairly common summer visitor, mostly to S and SE England. Favours areas scrub and hedgerows with dense Hawthorn and Blackthorn.
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  • Caucasian Fir Abies nordmanniana (Pinaceae) HEIGHT to 42m. Large, shapely fir with thick foliage. BARK Dull grey and fissured with age, forming small square plates. LEAVES Tough, green, forward-pointing needles, in dense rows around brownish twigs; 1.5–3.5cm long, slightly notched at tip and grooved above. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS Male flowers are reddish and grow on underside of shoot. Female flowers are greener and upright, borne in separate clusters on same tree. Cones are found high up on mature trees (30m); 12-18cm long, dark brown and resinous with projecting, downcurved scales. They break up on the tree. STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION Native from Turkey eastwards. Planted here for ornament.
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  • IVY BROOMRAPE Orobanche hederae (Orobanchaceae) Height to 60cm. Upright plant with a downy, purple-tinged stem that is swollen at the base. Parasitic on Ivy and found mainly on calcareous soils. FLOWERS are 12-20mm long, the corolla creamy white with purple veins with a tube that is mainly straight but swollen at the base; borne in spikes (May-Jul). FRUITS are egg-shaped capsules, concealed by the dead flowers. LEAVES are scale-like. STATUS-Local, mainly in S and W Britain.
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